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MATHEMATICS IN THE
MODERN WORLD
(MATHMOW)

Lesson 5:

MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL

Measures of Dispersion

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 TOPIC
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1. Measures of Dispersion
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
Dispersion
⮚ refers to the variations of the items ❑
among themselves/around an average.
⮚ “Dispersion is a measure of the
variation of the items.” (Bowley)
Greater the variation amongst different
items of a series, the more will be the
dispersion
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Characteristics of
Measures of
Dispersion
It must be easy to
calculate and understand.
❑ Based on all observations
❑ Not affected much by the
fluctuations of observations
❑ It should be rigidly defined.
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
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Objectives of
Measuring a Dispersion
❑ Comparative study
❑ To estimate the reliability of an
average
❑ Basis of Statistical Quality Control
❑ For facilitating the use of other
statistical measures
2 Types of
Measures of
Dispersion
1. Absolute Measures
❖ Range
❖ Inter Quartile Range
❖ Quartile Deviation
❖ Mean Deviation
❖ Variance
❖ Standard Deviation
2. Relative Measures
❖ Coefficient of Range
❖ Coefficient of QD
❖ Coefficient of MD
❖ Coefficient of Variance
❖ Coefficient of SD
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
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Range of Ungrouped Data

1. Range (R)  

 
⮚ the difference between two extreme  
observations
Range of Grouped Data
⮚ simplest measure of variation
 
Coefficient of Range (CoR)
 
⮚ the relative measure of range

   
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

Range of Ungrouped Data

 
Problem 1: Problem 2:

  Calculation of Range in Individual Series

Calculate the range and its coefficient from the data
given below:
100, 120, 160, 200, 165, 170, 180, 140, 150

   
 
 
 
 

 
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

Range of Grouped Data

 

Problem 1:

Find out the range and its coefficient from the data given below:

Frequenc    
Classes
y
1-5 5  
 
6-10 12
 
11-15 20
 
16-20 25
21-25 10
26-30 5  
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
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2. Interquartile Range (IQR)

 

 
 
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
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3. Quartile Deviation (QD)

⮚ is half of the interquartile range
⮚ Semi Interquartile Range
 

Coefficient of Quartile Deviation (CQD)

⮚ it is the relative measure of quartile deviation

 
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

IQR, QD and CQD of Ungrouped Data

Odd Sample Size
Problem 1:

   
 

     
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

IQR, QD and CQD of Ungrouped Data

Even Sample Size
Problem 2:

   
 
 
   
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

  IQR, QD and CQD of Grouped Data

Problem 1:  
Classe
f
s
71-74 3 3 0-3
75-78 10 13 4-13
 
79-82 13 26 14-26
 
83-86 18 44 27-44  
87-90 25 69 45-69
91-94 19 88 70-88
95-98 12 100 89-100
 

 
 
 
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

 
IQR, QD and CQD of Grouped Data

 
Problem 1:

Classe
f
s
71-74 3 3 0-3
 
75-78 10 13 4-13
79-82 13 26 14-26  
83-86 18 44 27-44
87-90 25 69 45-69
 
91-94 19 88 70-88  
95-98 12 100 89-100
 
 
 
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

IQR of Grouped Data

   

QD of Grouped Data

   

CQD of Grouped Data

   

 
Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
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4. Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)

⮚ arithmetic mean of the absolute
deviation
⮚ also called Average Deviation

UNGROUPED DATA

 
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

Problem 1:
Find the MAD from the data given below:

6 6-11=-5 MAD of Ungrouped Data

 
7 7-11=-4 4  
9 -2 2

11 11-11=0 0
 
13 2 2

15 15-11= 4 4

16 5 5
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Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
 

⮚ average (approximately) of squared

deviations of values from the mean
Sample Variance-Ungrouped Data

 
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion
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⮚ positive square root of the arithmetic mean  
⮚ mean of the squares of the deviations from
their mean
⮚ considered as most important and widely used
 
measure of dispersion
Merits of Standard Deviation
❑ Rigidly defined
❑ Based on all observations
❑ Suitable for further mathematical treatment
❑ Least affected by fluctuations of sampling
Demerits of Standard Deviation
❑ More affected by extreme items
❑ Relatively difficult to calculate and understand
 Topic 1: Measures of Dispersion BOARD

Problem 1: Variance and Standard Deviation of Ungrouped Data

 

 
 
 

n= 6
 
 Problem Set 5
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Problem Set 5 is already posted on our Google

Classroom.
Instructions:
1. Write your solutions and answers on clean
sheets of white short bond papers.
2. Use only pens with blue or black ink.
3. Scan your solutions sheet(s) in one (.pdf)-
format file and edit the filename as
(Surname.Firstname.pdf)
4. Submit your solutions by uploading the file
through Google Classroom before the
deadline.
 References
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❑ MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS – S.P. Gupta

❑ STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT –

Richard I. Levin, David S. Rubin

❑ Biostatistics a foundation for analysis in the

Health Sciences
 Next Session
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MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL:
CORRELATION

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