ENGLISH FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT 1
ELECTRONS

Terms Explanation Vietnamese

Anion (n) Negative ion ion âm
Cation (n) Positive ion ion dương
Nanoparticle hạt nano
Matter (n) That of which all things are made Vật chất
Positive/Negative Điện tích âm /
charge dương
Electron (n) Have one unit of negative electric charge điện tử
Proton (n) Have one unit of positive electric charge prô tông
a part of an atom that has no electrical
Neutron (n) nơtron
charge
an atom or small group of atoms that has
Ion (n) an electrical charge because it has added ion
or lost one or more electrons
move your hand, a cloth, etc., backwards
Rub (v) and forwards over a surface while Cọ xát
pressing it
Particle (n) a very small piece of something Hạt
to put electricity into an electrical device sạc điện/ tĩnh
charge
such as a battery: điện
The attractive or repulsive interaction
Electric force Tĩnh điện
between any two charged objects
Atom (n) The basic unit of a matter Nguyên tử
Curved course of electron around the
Orbit Quỹ đạo
nucleus of an atom

Hạt nhân
Nucleus The centre of an atom
nguyên tử

The smallest particle of any substance

Molecule which still has the original chemical Phân tử
properties of the substance
electrostatic attraction Electrostatic attraction Hút tĩnh điện
refers to the
electrostatic force of
long-range interaction
occurring between the
attractive electrostatic
adsorption in aqueous
solution with
differently charged
particles or uncharged
particles
Like charge repel each other Cùng dấu

Unlike charge attract each other Khác dấu

Electric charge a fundamental điện tích
property of certain
elementary particles of
which all matter is
composed.
gravity the force that attracts lực hấp dẫn
objects towards one
another, especially the
force that makes things
fall to the ground
valence ring Outermost orbital path vòng hóa trị
of electrons around the
nucleus of the atom.

valence electrons điện tử hóa trị

a single electron or one
of two or more
electrons in the outer
shell of an atom that is
responsible for the
chemical properties of
the atom
 UNIT 2:
ELECTRIC CURRENT

Term Explanation Vietnamese

Something that allow heat,
Chất/ Vật dẫn
Conductor (n) electricity, light, sound pass along or
điện
through it
Flow of electrons in a conductor
Electric The average amount of negative
Dòng điện
current electric charges flowing in a
conductor in a unit of time

Insulator (n) Material or device that prevents or

Chất/ Vật cách
Non- reduces the passage of heat,
điện
conductor electricity, or sound
A charge of one in any system of
Unit charge Đơn vị điện tích
measurement used.
Electric Contains 4 element: load (consume Mạch điện
circuit electric power), source, conductor
 and control system
 The interatomic linkage that results
Covalent bond from the sharing of an electron pair Cộng hoá trị
between two atoms
Ionisation The energy required to remove an Năng lượng điện
energy electron from a gaseous atom or ion hoá
Heat
Refer to the energy contained within a
Thermal
system that is responsible for its Nhiệt năng
energy
temperature
Terminal Connection into an electric circuit Cực / Điểm cuối
Conventional Current flows from the positive Dòng điện quy
current terminal to the negative terminal ước
Atomic number The number of protons in an atom Số hiệu nguyên tử
The force of an electric current,
Voltage Điện áp
measured in volts
A thin rigid board containing an
Circuit board Bảng mạch điện
electric circuit; a printed circuit.
Direct current Dòng điện một
Current flows in the same direction
(DC) chiều
Alternating Current repeatedly changes its Dòng điện xoay
current (AC) direction chiều
Biên độ / cường
Amplitude (n) Current’s maximum size
độ
The time for one complete cycle
Period (n) from positive back to positive again Chu kì
1/F
Frequency (n) the number of period in one second Tần số/ suất
Way of connecting components “end
Mạch điện mắc
Series circuit to end”, so that the current flows
nt
through each in turn
Components connected so that each
Parallel receives the full voltage at the same Mạch điện mắc
circuit time, with part of the current ss
flowing each in turn
occur when electrical circuit wires
Hiện tượng đoản
Short circuit or wire connections are exposed or
mạch
damaged
Waveform (n) Dạng sóng
The shape of the current’s graph
Sinewave (n) Dạng hình sin
Resistance (n) The opposition to electric current Trở kháng
Resistivity A measure of the electrical Điện trở suất
 resistance of a substance
Current Quantity of electric charges passing Cường độ dòng
intensity through the wire in a given time điện
The difference in the amount of
Potential
energy that charge carriers have Hiệu điện thế
difference
between two points in a circuit.
 UNIT 3
CELLS AND BATTERIES

Terms Definition Vietnamese

Compact
Nguồn tích nhỏ
source
Combination of cells for providing
Battery electrical energy Pin
DC source
to slowly destroy or damage metal,
ăn Mòn do axit
Corrode (v) stone or other materials by chemical
hoặc kiềm
action; to be destroyed in this way
A single electrical energy source
Cell which uses chemical reactions to cell Pin
produce a current
Electric torch Đèn pin
Electrolyte (n) A fluid/solution where has ions Chất điện phân
A conductor through which
electricity enters or leaves sth such as
Electrode Điện cực
battery or a piece of electrical
equipment
A process whereby a compound (in
Electrolysis Quá trình điện
an electrolyte) is broken into its
(n) phân
component due to electricity.
Reciprocal The value obtained by dividing a
tác động qua lại
(adj) number into 1, as in…
Redox Phản ứng ô xi hoá
Oxidation + reduction
reaction khử

UNIT 4
SOURCES OF POWER
Term Explanation Vietnamese
A branch of chemistry that studies
Electrochemistry chemical change associated with Điện hóa
electrons and electricity
The conduction of electricity
through sth melted or dissolved in
Electrolysis order to induce decomposition of Sự điện phân
the melted or dissolved chemical
into its components
A chemical compound that
separates into ions in a solution or Chất, dung dịch
Electrolyte
when molten, and is able to điện phân
conduct electricity
A conductor through which
electricity enters or leaves sth such
Electrode Điện cực
as a battery or a piece of electrical
equipment
Anode
Cathode
An electrical cell that uses an
irreversible chemical reaction to
Primary cell Pin sơ cấp
generate electricity and can not be
recharged
An electric cell in which electricity
is produced by a reversible
Secondary cell Pin thứ cấp
chemical reaction, so it is
rechargeable.
Fused Melted, made into liquid by heat Nóng chảy
Ắc qui có thể
Storage cell
Accumulator nạp, sạc
Primary cell that may be activated Pin dự trữ, pin
Reverse- type cell
by the addition of an electrolyte đảo chiều
Cell that produces electricity by
Fuel cell the oxidation of a fuel used in space Pin nhiên liệu
vehicles
Pertaining to electricity produced by
Voltaic chemical action or by surface contact
and friction
A chemical reaction that brings about
Reduction Sự khử
a gain in hydrogen, gains electrons
Oxidation The process of losing electrons Sự oxi hóa
 Phản ứng oxi hóa
Redox reaction
khử

UNIT 5
MAIN ELECTRICITY, PLUGS AND FUSES

Term Explanation Vietnamese

Generator (n)
Turbine (n) Machine powered by rotating blades: a Tua bin
machine in which a moving fluid such
as steam acts on the blades of a rotor to
produce rotational motion that can be
transformed to electrical or mechanical
power
Steam (n) Vapor
Nuclear reactor lò phản ứng
(n)
Live wire brown color dây nóng
Neutral wire blue color dây lạnh
Earth wire green and yellow color dây nối đất
Cable (n) dây cáp
Switch (n) công tắc
Plug (n) phích cắm
Socket (n) ổ cắm
Pin (n) pin plug : cái
pin socket: đực
Brass (n) đồng thau
Fuse (n) cầu chì
Alloy (n) hợp kim
Circuit breaker át to mát
(n)

UNIT 6:
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Term Explanation Vietnamese
Magnetic field the portion of space near a magnetic từ trường
(n) body or a current-carrying body in
 which the magnetic forces due to the
body or current can be detected
Compass (n) a device for determining directions by La bàn
means of a magnetic needle or group of
needles turning freely on a pivot and
pointing to the magnetic north
Magnetic pole either of two small regions which are Cực từ
(n) located respectively in the polar areas
of the northern and southern
hemispheres and toward which a
compass needle points from any
direction throughout adjacent regions
Coil (n) a number of turns of wire wound lõi dây
around a core (as of iron) to create a
magnetic field for an electromagnet or
an induction coil
Bar magnet (n) a magnet in the shape of a bar with Thanh nam châm
poles at its ends
Magnetic flux a measure of magnetic induction Từ thông
(n) represented by lines of force
Potential the difference in potential between two Hiệu điện thế
difference (n) points that represents the work
involved or the energy released in the
transfer of a unit quantity of electricity
from one point to the other
Commutator An electrical switch that periodically Bộ góp
(n) reverses the current in an electric
motor or electrical generator
Brush (n) Are generally made of graphitized Chổi quét, chổi
carbon than

UNIT 7: RESISTORS
Term Explanation Vietnamese
Resistor (n) A component of an electrical circuit cái điện trở
that have resistance and is used to
control the following of electric current
Resistance (n) Opposition to the flow of charge sức kháng, điện
trở
Resistivity (n) a measure of the resistance of a given Điện trở suất
size of a specific material to electrical
 conduction

Tolerance (n) the permissible limit or limits of Dung sai

variation
Actual a certain percentage higher or lower
resistance than this indicated value
Nominal the average of the minimum and the
resistance maximum allowed values
Fixed resistor Has fixed value, cannot change the
value
Variable Can change the value of resistor
resistor
Potentiometer an instrument for measuring Cái đo điện thế
(n) electromotive force (thế kế)
One type of variable resistor
Resistor When two or more resistors are joined Mạng điện trở
network (n) together
Effective the total resistance of the circuit Tổng điện trở
resistance (n)
Mixed network Have some resistance in series and
others in parallel
Voltage drop The reduction in voltage in an Điện áp rơi, sụt áp
(n) electrical circuit between the source
and load
bimetallic strip thanh lưỡng kim

UNIT 8: CAPACITORS
Term Explanation Vietnamese
Capacitor (n) a device used to store an electric Tụ điện
charge, consisting of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by an
insulator
Capacitance The ability of a capacitor to store Điện dung
(n) charge
Polyester (n) The insulating material which gives a Poly-este
relatively high capacitance.
Foil (n) very thin sheet metal Lá (kim loại)
Polystyrene The insulating material that gives a poly-stiren
lower capacitance than polyester
Variable Capacitor which most often use an Tụ xoay
capacitor air dielectric, sometimes the
dielectric can be compressed gas or a
liquid
Polarised separated or accumulated positive and Phân cực
negative electric charges in two distinct
regions
Electrolytic polarized capacitors. Tụ hóa
capacitor
Fixed Capacitor which employ a wide Tụ tĩnh
capacitor range of dielectric materials
Full-wave Equivalent to two half-wave Mạch chỉnh lưu
rectifier rectifiers toàn sóng
Bridge rectifier Use 4 diodes to rectify the load voltage Mạch chỉnh lưu
cầu
Capacitive Opposition of a capacitor to the Dung kháng
reactance change of voltage across it

UNIT 9: INDUCTORS
Term Explanation Vietname
se
Inductor (n) A passive electronic component that depends cuộn cảm
on frequency . A tool used to store energy in
the form of Magnetic Field . Inductor is made
 from a conducting straight wire wrapped
around itself several turns
Induced current an electric current that results when a Dòng điện
second conductor (= a substance cảm ứng
that carries electricity) is placed in
an area where there is already
an electric current, the current produced by
change in magnetic flux
Self-induction generation of an electromotive force (EMF) Sự tự
in a circuit by changing the current in that cảm
circuit
Self-inductance The ratio of the magnetic flux to the current Tự cảm
is called the inductance, or more accurately
self-inductance of the circuit.
Inductance (n) The change in current in a coupled coil , the Độ tự
effect is called mutual inductance. cảm
Choke (n) a part used in the electrical circuits to allow Cuộn
DC current to flow through while blocking cảm
AC current from passing
Transformer a device that changes the voltage or Máy biến
other characteristic of electrical energy as áp
it moves from one circuit to another:
Line of đường
magnetic sức từ
Amplifier an electronic device that increases the Bộ
voltage, current, or power of a signal khuếch
đại
Primary coil The winding of a transformer to which an AC Cuộn sơ
supply is connected cấp
Core a piece of magnetic material, such as soft iron, Lõi
placed inside the windings of an electromagnet
or transformer to intensify and direct the
magnetic field
Magnetic force the force on an object due to interactions with Lực từ
a magnetic field.
Secondary coil coil such that current is induced in it by Cuộn thứ
passing a current through the primary coil cấp
Tuning coil cuộn
chỉnh
sóng
reactance cảm
kháng
interference/ nhiễu
noise/hum

Unit 10 : Semiconductor and diode

Term Explanation Vietnamese
semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity Chất bán dẫn
value falling between that of a
conductor, an insulator.
Valence the ability of that atom, expressed in Hóa trị
numbers, to combine or interact with
another atom, depending on the number
of electrons available for bonding in
the atom's outer shell, called the
valence shell
Covalent bonds a shared pair of electrons Liên kết cộng
hóa trị
wafer a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a Đĩa bán dẫn
crystalline silicon
N-type An extrinsic semiconductor which has Chất bán dẫn
been doped with electron donor atoms loại N
P-type having a larger hole concentration than chất bán dẫn
 electron concentration loại P
Forward biased the anode is connected to the positive Phân cực thuận
end and cathode is connected to the
negative end of the battery
Reverse-biased The diode when potential at anode is Phân cực
smaller than the potential at cathode nghịch
Rectifier A circuit that converts AC to DC Chỉnh lưu
Bridge rectifier 4 diodes used to rectify the load Bộ chỉnh lưu
voltage kiểu cầu
Diode A 2 leads semiconductor that acts as a Đi ốt
one-way gate to electron flow
Rectifier diode Diode that have ability to conduct in Đi ốt chỉnh lưu
only one direction

Unbiased diode Forward biased diode Reverse biased diode