FACULTY OF PLANTATION AND AGROTECHNOLOGY

DIPLOMA IN PLANTING INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

(AT110)

MECHANIZATION OF ESTATE OPERATION (AGR318)

LAB REPORT 2 : ENGINE LUBRICATION AND

COOLING SYSTEM

PREPARED BY:

Name : Student ID:

JONATHAN APIN 2019408428
IZZAT IZZUDIN BIN JUHANI 2019243136
NUR AZMINA NADIA BINITI ROSLIE 2019222588
FLORYTA BINTI MOHD TAHA @ KIT 2019827648

PREPARED FOR:
TS GS DR ALEXIUS KOROM

30 NOVEMBER 2021
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Lubrication System
IC motors consist of moving parts. Due to the continuous movement of the two metals
Surfaces overlap each other, causing wear, heating and loss of moving parts.
engine power. Lubrication of moving parts is essential to avoid all these harmful effects.
result. Uses of lubricants:
1. Reduce friction effect
2. cooling effect
3. Sealing effect
4. Cleaning effect

Engine lubrication system

The engine's lubrication system is a set of maintenance mechanisms. Its provides lubrication
to the engine's friction surfaces at the correct pressure and temperature.
The parts that need lubrication are:
1.Cylinder walls and piston
2.Piston pin
3.Crankshaft and connecting rod bearings
4.Camshaft bearings
5.Valve operating mechanism
6.Cooling fan
7.Water pump
8.Ignition mechanism

Types of lubricating system

1.Splash system
2.Forced feed system

Introduction
Cooling system
Fuel is burned inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine to generate power. The
temperatures occurring during the engine's operating stroke can reach 1600°C, which above
the melting point of engine parts. Optimum operating temperature of combustion engine is
 between 140 and 200 degrees Fahrenheit, so cooling the combustion engine is very
important. It’s about 40% of all heat generated is transferred to the atmosphere through the
exhaust gas and 30% is removed when cooled and about 30% is used for energy generation.

Purpose of cooling
1.Maintain optimum engine temperature for efficient operation in all conditions.
2. Protects engine parts such as cylinders and cylinders by dissipating excessive heat. For
example, head, piston, piston rings and valves.
3.Maintains the oil lubrication properties inside the engine.

Methods of cooling
1.Air cooled system
2.Water cooled system

2.0 MATERIALS

Components of lubricating system:

1. Oil Sump.
2. Engine oil filter.
3. Piston cooling nozzles.
4. Oil Pump.
5. The Oil Galleries.
6. Oil Cooler.
7. The Oil pressure indicator/light.

Components of cooling system:

1. Radiator and pressure cap

2. Radiator fan

3. Drive belts

4. Coolant pump
(thermosiphon)

5. Water (coolant) jacket

6. Thermostat

7. Temperature gauge

8. Vacuum valve

9. Coolant hoses (upper and

lower)

10. Water (coolant)

11. Coolant recovery tank

12. Bypass (allows water in the

jacket to circulate when

the thermostat is closed)

3.0 METHODS

1. Engine tractor has been cut in half so we can see all the parts that involve before engine
tractor works.
2. Firstly, identify all the parts and its function in tractor engine
3. Identify where the lubrication system and cooling system parts.
4. Next is identify where the main parts that involves in lubrication system and cooling
system.
5. Identify how lubrication engine system and cooling system works
4.0 RESULTS

Figure 1.1 Dr. Alex show the Lubrication and Cooling system in the Four-Wheeled Tractor
Engine.
Figure 1.2 Tractor with Diesel Engine FIAT 25 R

Figure 1.3 Diesel Engine

5.0 DISCUSSION

1. What is the difference between lubrication and cooling system?

Lubricating system Cooling system

The main function of lubricant is to
reduce friction between the cutter rake
and the chip, therefore reducing heat
generation.
A lubricant can slow heat production.
However, it has no effect on eliminating
existing heat.
Water lubricates poorly. It lacks lubricity
or lubricity.
The main function of coolant is to remove
heat from the cutting zone and keep it
cold.
Coolant removes heat from the air. It
can't slow down heat creation.
Water is a suitable coolant because it
has a large specific heat capacity (4.18
J/g°C at NTP).

2. What is the most vital component of cooling?

The radiator is the core of the cooling system. The engine coolant is pumped back via the
radiator tubes and cooled again.

3. How many types of cooling system?

Air cooling system and water cooling system.

4. How is a diesel engine lubricated?

Oil collects in the engine's oil pan where one or more oil pumps suction it and pump it through
one or more oil filters. The filters clean the oil and remove any metal from it. Next, it passes via
the engine's oil galleries. Upon excessive pressure, a pressure relief valve returns oil to the oil
pan. The oil galleries transfer oil to the engine's bearing surfaces. After cooling and lubricating
the bearing surfaces, the oil flows out of the bearing and back into the oil pan. In big diesel
engines, the oil is cooled before distribution. An internal or exterior oil cooler does this. The
lubricating system also feeds the governor.
6.0 CONCLUSSION

In conclusion, cooling and lubrication systems are standard on all internal combustion
engines, and they operate together to provide optimal engine operation and performance. The
cooling and lubrication systems already mentioned, as well as their components and maintenance
needs, illustrate the kind of system you would expect to keep up with. There are variances in the
use of cooling system and lubricating properties due to the range of engines employed. It's
important to remember that maintenance techniques and operational parameters differ from one
engine to the next.