Name: Jovan Paul G.

Delda   CHEM 100BL Schedule:   3:00PM – 6:00PM TTh (E) 

Marielle Cuares
Miche Ann Althea V. Devenosa

ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS

Activity No. 13

DATA SHEET 

I. PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATIONS :

A. ALCOHOLS

1. Solubility:
Test the solubility of 6 drops of ethyl alcohol with 3 ml of water.

Observations: Insoluble solutes settle to the bottom of the mixture.

1. Oxidation of Alcohols:
                      5 ml each of alcohol sample + 5 ml of 10% potassium dichromate-------🡪 

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a. ethyl alcohol     +  potassium dichromate ---------------🡪
                                                                                  odor : tequila-like
                                                                                  color: Green
Chemical equation: CH3CH2OH + 2 [O] → CH3COOH + H2O.

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b. isopropyl alcohol + potassium dichromate -----------------🡪
                                                                                 odor : a sharp, musty odor
                                                                                  color: Green

Chemical equation: (CH3) 2 CHOH [O] K2Cr2O7

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c. t-butyl alcohol     +   t-butyl alcohol       --------------------🡪 
                                                                                  odor : Camphor Odor
                                                                                  color: Colorless

Chemical equation: C₄H₁₀O + C₄H₁₀O

                  Compare the ease by which each alcohol is oxidized.  

 When ethyl alcohol is oxidized, it gains two more carbon-oxygen bonds and one oxygen
atom.
 Acetone is produced by oxidizing isopropyl.
 Formaldehyde and acetone are formed when T-butyl alcohol is oxidized.
 B. PHENOLS
1. Solubility:

Test the solubility of 6 drops of phenol with 3 ml of water.

Observations: An insoluble solute will settle out of the mixture. INSOLUBLE

SOLUTE WILL SETTLE OUT OF THE MIXTURE.

1. Acidity of Phenol:

a. 2% solution of phenol + 1 ml of a 3% sodium carbonate -----🡪

Observation: As a result, sodium carbonate partially interacts with phenol to

form Sodium Phenoxide and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate.

Chemical Equation: C6H6O + Na2CO3 = NaOH + C6H5 + CO2 

b. 2% solution of acetic acid + 1 ml of a 3% sodium carbonate-------🡪

Observation: It produces carbon dioxide gas, water, and a rapid effervescence.

Chemical Equation: NA2 CO3 + 2 CH3COOH → 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O.

c. ethyl alcohol +  1 ml of a 3% sodium carbonate --------------🡪

Observation: Iodoform is formed when ethyl alcohol is heated with sodium

carbonate.

Chemical Equation: CH3CH2ONa

                       

1. Ferric Chloride Color Test:

a. 1 ml of 0.1%  phenol +  1 drop of 1% ferric chloride solution -------🡪

 Observation: Phenol forms a violet-colored Phenoxide complex when it interacts

with aqueous neutral Ferric chloride.

Chemical equation 6 PhOH + FE 3+ → [FE (OPN)6

b. Resorcinol  +1 drop of  1% ferric chloride------------------🡪

Observation: Ferric salt would be blue as a result ( simple Phenols with one
Hydroxyl group from violet products).
 Chemical equation: 3ArOH + FeCl3 → Fe(OAr)3 + 3HCl.

c. salicylic acid +1 drop of  1% ferric chloride --------------🡪

Observation: It forms color (blue or violet) complexes when it interacts with

ferric chloride.

Chemical equation: 3 C7H6O3 (aq) + FeCI3 (aq).

d. 1-butanol  + 1 drop of  1% ferric chloride -------------🡪

Observation: Salicylic acid  reacts with ferric chloride  and form colored
complexes.

Chemical equation: 3 C7H6O3 (aq) + FeCl3 (aq) ------> Fe(C7H5O3)3 (aq) + 3

HCl (aq) 

            Is the test specific for phenols?  

Phenol causes the blue litmus paper to turn crimson. This demonstrates that Phenol is an acidic
substance.

QUESTIONS:
1.What can be said about the solubility of alcohols with water?  Explain.
- Alcohols are water soluble. This is due to the alcohol's Hydroxyl group, which may form
hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

1. What can be said about the oxidation and substitution reaction of alcohols?
- The oxidation of alcohol is a fundamental step in organic chemistry. When primary
alcohols are oxidized, aldehydes and carboxylic acids are generated; when secondary
alcohols are oxidized, ketones are formed. Tertiary alcohols, on the other hand, can't be
oxidized without destroying the molecule's C-C bonds. During oxidation, the orange
dichromate ion is transformed to the green Cr3+ ion. This can be used to determine
whether or not alcohol is present.

1. Is phenol acidic or basic?  Explain.

- Because they include a -OH group attached to a hydrocarbon, alcohols and phenol, for
example, are very weak acids. Alcohols are so mildly acidic that their acidity may be
overlooked in most laboratory applications. Phenol is sufficiently acidic to have
recognizably acidic characteristics, despite being a very weak acid. Phenol is a very weak
acid with a much to the left equilibrium position. Phenol can lose a hydrogen ion because
the Phenoxide ion formed is stabilized to some extent. The negative charge of the oxygen
atom is delocalized around the ring.