Name: _________________________________ 

  CHEM 100BL Schedule:  

_________________ 

ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS

Activity No. 13

DATA SHEET 

I. PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATIONS :

A. ALCOHOLS

1. Solubility:
Test the solubility of 6 drops of ethyl alcohol with 3 ml of water.

Observations: AN INSOLUBLE SOLUTE WILL SETTLE OUT OF THE MIXTURE.

1. Oxidation of Alcohols:
                      5 ml each of alcohol sample + 5 ml of 10% potassium dichromate-------🡪 

                                                                          wb
a. ethyl alcohol     +  potassium dichromate ---------------🡪
                                                                                  odor : VINEGARY
                                                                                  color: GREEN
Chemical equation: CH3CH2OH + 2 [O] → CH3COOH + H2O.

                                                                                                       wb
b. isopropyl alcohol + potassium dichromate -----------------🡪
                                                                                 odor : __________
                                                                                  color: GREEN

Chemical equation: (CH3) 2 CHOH [O] K2Cr2O7

                                                                                                    wb
c. t-butyl alcohol     +   t-butyl alcohol       --------------------🡪 
                                                                                  odor : CAMPHOR ODOR
                                                                                  color: COLORLESS

Chemical equation: 

                  Compare the ease by which each alcohol is oxidized.  

 B. PHENOLS
1. Solubility:

Test the solubility of 6 drops of phenol with 3 ml of water.

Observations:AN INSOLUBLE SOLUTE WILL SETTLE OUT OF THE MIXTURE.

1. Acidity of Phenol:

a. 2% solution of phenol + 1 ml of a 3% sodium carbonate -----🡪

Observation: SO SODIUM CARBONATE REACTS PARTIALLY WITH PHENOL TO

PRODUCE A SOLUTION CONTAINING SODIUM PHENOXIDE AND SODIUM HYDROGEN
CARBONATE.

Chemical Equation: 

b. 2% solution of acetic acid + 1 ml of a 3% sodium carbonate-------🡪

Observation:IT PRODUCE BRISK, EFFERVESCENCE, WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE

GAS.

Chemical Equation: NA2 CO3 + 2 CH3COOH → 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O.

c. ethyl alcohol +  1 ml of a 3% sodium carbonate --------------🡪

Observation: WHEN ETHYL ALCOHOL IS HEATED WITH SODIUM CARBONATE

IODOFORM IS FORM.

Chemical Equation: CH3CH2ONa

                       

1. Ferric Chloride Color Test:

a. 1 ml of 0.1%  phenol +  1 drop of 1% ferric chloride solution -------🡪

 Observation: PHENOL REACTS WITH AQUEOUS NEUTRAL FERRIC CHLORIDE TO

FORM PHENOXIDE COMPLEX, WHICH IS VIOLET COLOURED.

Chemical equation 6 PhOH + FE 3+ → [FE (OPN)6].

b. Resorcinol  +1 drop of  1% ferric chloride------------------🡪

 Observation: THE RESULTING FERRIC SALT WOULD BE BLUE (SIMPLE PHENOLS
WITH ONE HYDROXYL GROUP FROM VIOLET PRODUCTS).

Chemical equation

c. salicylic acid +1 drop of  1% ferric chloride --------------🡪

Observation: IT REACTS WITH FERRIC CHLORIDE TO FORM COLORED (BLUE OR

VIOLET) COMPLEXES.________

Chemical equation: 3 C7H6O3 (aq) + FeCI3 (aq).

d. 1-butanol  + 1 drop of  1% ferric chloride -------------🡪

Observation: ________

Chemical equation

            Is the test specific for phenols?  -PHENOL TURNS BLUE LITMUS PAPER RED. THIS SHOW
THAT PHENOL IS ACIDIC IN NATURE.

QUESTIONS:
1.What can be said about the solubility of alcohols with water?  Explain.
- ALCOHOLS ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER. THIS IS DUE TO THE HYDROXYL
GROUP IN THE ALCOHOL WHICH IS ABLE TO FORM HYDROGEN BONDS
WITH WATER MOLECULES.

1. What can be said about the oxidation and substitution reaction of alcohols?
- THE OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS IS AN IMPORTANT REACTION IN ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY. PRIMARY ALCOHOLS CAN BE OXIDIZED TO FORM
ALDEHYDES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS.
1. Is phenol acidic or basic?  Explain.
- PHENOL IS A ACIDIC BECAUSE IT IS A VERY WEAK ACID AND THE
POSITION OF EQUILIBRIUM LIES WELL TO THE LEFT. PHENOL CAN LOSE A
HYDROGEN ION BECAUSE THE PHENOXIDE ION FORMED IS STABILISED TO
SOME EXTENT.