DATA SHEET 

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Activity No. 14

Names: Group No. _______

II. PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATIONS:

A. PROPERTIES OF ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES

1. Reaction with 2,4 – dinitrophenylhydrazine ( 2,4- DNPH)

Add 3 drops of formaldehyde to 1 ml of dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. Shake the

mixture. Nearly all dinitrophenylhydrazines precipitate immediately but in a few cases they
must be allowed to stand for about 15 minutes.

Write the chemical equations.

2. Schiff’s Test

Add a few drops of formaldehyde to 1 ml of Schiff’s reagent. Observe and interpret

the result.

- After adding Schiff's reagent to test tubes containing filtrates from POM and POM/HAp
nanocomposites, the chemical reaction of Schiff's reagent with formaldehyde and the resulting
color changes were observed.

3. Oxidation with Tollen’s reagent

Add 10 drops of formaldehyde to 5 ml of an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate.

Mix thoroughly and heat gently in a water bath for 3 minutes. Set aside for at least 5
minutes. Discard the contents and rinse the test tube with water. Observation.
Write the Chemical Equations.

- RCHO(aq) + 2Ag(NH3)2 +(aq) + 3OH-(aq) → RCOO-(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 4 NH3(aq) + 2H2O

4. Fehling’s Test

Add several drops of formaldehyde to a mixture of 3 ml of Fehling’s solution A and 3

ml of Fehling’s solution B. Heat gently in a water bath for 3 minutes. Describe and interpret
the results.
Write the Chemical Equations.

- HCHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH- → HCOO- + Cu2O + 3H2O

 5. Oxidation by Dilute Permanganate Solution

Add a few drops of formaldehyde to a faintly pink solution of KMnO4 acidified with a
few drops of dilute sulfuric acid. Results?

Write the Chemical Equations.

- HCHO + 2KMnO4 + 2KOH → K2MnO4 + H2O + HCOOH.

B. PROPERTIES OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES

Repeat the entire test in Part A using Benzaldehyde instead of formaldehyde with the
following reagents.

Provide chemical Equations

1. 2,4 –DNPH
- C13H10N4O4

2. Schiff’s Test- 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ OH- H2O.

3. Oxidation with Tollen’s reagent-

- Na2WO4 + 2H2O.

4. Fehling’s Test

5. Oxidation by Dilute Permanganate Solution

C. PROPERTIES OF KETONES

Repeat all the entire test in Part A using Acetone instead of formaldehyde.

Provide Chemical Equations

3. 2,4 –DNPH- C9H10N4O4

 4. Schiff’s Test-

3. Oxidation with Tollen’s reagent

4. Fehling’s Test

5.Oxidation by Dilute Permanganate Solution

QUESTIONS:

1. Write structural formulas as examples of the following compounds types:

a.Formaldehyde- CH2O

b.Benzaldehyde - C7H6O

 c. Acetone - C3H6O

2. Give the composition of the following reagents:

a.Schiff’s Reagent- silver nitrate, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide solution

b.Tollen’s Reagent- silver nitrate, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide solutionc.Fehling’ A

Reagent- CUSO4 is present in solution A at a concentration of 7%..

d.Fehling’s B Reagent
 -Contains 25% potassium hydroxide and 35% sodium potassium tartrate.

3) What can be said about the reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes. Aromatic Aldehydes and
Ketones towards the following tests:

Test/Reagent Aliphatic Aldehydes Aromatic Aldehydes Ketones

(Formaldehyde) (Benzaldehyde) (Acetone)

1. 2,4 – DNPH to produce a precipitate give yellow ppt. form yellow, orange.
that is yellow, orange, or
reddish orange
2. Schiff’s Reagent gradually restore the The schiff's reagent is
restore the pink as soon color unaffected.
as possible
3. Tollen’s Reagent converts an aldehyde to Tollen's reagent does not tollen's reagent does
its carboxylic acid react with it. not react with it.
counterpart

4. Fehling’s Reagent precipitation of a reddish Fehling's reagent does fehling's reagent does
brown color (positive not react with it. not react with it
result)
5. Permanganate Permanganate has no Strong oxidizing
Reagent The formalin is always effect on it. agents, such as
added to the potassium alkaline KMnO4, and
permanganate. high temperatures are
used to oxidize the
material.