Solutions to Question 1 Analysis of Variance

 Observations  Group 1  Group 2  Group 3

1 241 270 274
2 195 241 218
3 235 273 230
4 234 236 227

 Group 1  Group 2  Group 3

241 270 274
195 241 218
235 273 230
234 236 227
∑Group 1 =
∑Group 2 = 1020 ∑Group 3 = 949
905

(Group 1) ² (Group 2) ² (Group 3) ²

58081 72900 75076
38025 58081 47524
55225 74529 52900
54756 55696 51529
∑(Group1) ² = 206087 ∑(Group2) ² = 261206 ∑(Group3) ² = 227029

Data table

Observation Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Total

4 4 4 12

  905 1020  949  2874

  206087 261206  227029  694322

226.25 255 237.25 239.5
21.0614 19.2007 25.025
Std Error 10.5307 9.6003 12.5125
Step:1 - Sum of Squares Between Groups

SSB = ∑ki = 1ni (¯xi−¯x)2

SSB = 4 ∗ (226.25−239.5)2 + 4 ∗ (255−239.5)2 + 4 ∗ (237.25−239.5)2

SSB = 1683.5

Step:2 - Sum of Squares Within Groups

SSW =∑ki=1(ni−1) S 2i

SSW = (4−1) ∗ (21.0614)2 + (4−1) ∗ (28.5)2 + 4 ∗ (237.25−239.5)2

SSW = 4315.5

Step:3 - Total Sum of Squares

SST = SSB + SSW

SST = 1683.5 + 4315.5

SST = 5999

Step:4 - Mean Square Between Groups

MSB = SSB / k − 1

MSB = 1683.5 / 3 − 1

MSB = 1683.5 / 2

MSB = 841.75

Step:5 - Mean Square Within Groups

MSW = SSw / N−k

MSW = 4315.512 − 3

MSW = 4315.59

MSW = 479.5
Step:6 - Test Statistic F for One Way ANOVA Test

F = MSB / MSW

F= 841.75 / 479.5

F= 1.7555

If F Test Result > Critical Value (Value in F-table), Reject null hypothesis

If F Test Result < Critical Value (Value in F-table), Accept null hypothesis

Decision Rule

We reject the null hypothesis if: F (observed value) > FCV (critical value). In our case 25.17 >

1.7555, so we reject the null hypothesis.

Interpretation

Since we rejected the null hypothesis, we are 95% confident (1-α) that there is no

difference in the average wear for each material. However, since only one mean must be

different to reject the null hypothesis, we do not yet know which mean(s) is/are different. In

short, an ANOVA test will tell us that at least one mean is different, but an additional test must

be conducted to determine which mean(s) is/are different.

Q2. Solutions to the Wilcoxon Ranked Sum Test

Score Golfer Rank Score Golfer Rank

75 B 1 89 S 13
77 B 2 90 S 14
79 S 3.5 91 B 15
79 B 3.5 92 B 16.5
80 S 5 92 S 16.5
81 B 6.5 93 B 18
81 B 6.5 94 B 19
82 S 8 95 B 20
83 S 9 98 B 21.5
85 B 10 98 S 21.5
86 S 11 102 S 23
88 S 12
Steve lists n1 = 11 scores and Bill lists n2 = 12. Calculate R, the sum of the ranks of the smaller

sample.

R = 3.5 + 5 + 8 + 9 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 16.5 + 21.5 + 23 = 136.5

Calculate; μ R , σ R ,∧z

n1 (n1 +n 2+1) 11(11+12+1) 11( 24) 264

μ R= = = = =132
2 2 2 2

σ R=
√ n1 n2 (n1 +n 2+1)
12 √
=
(11)(12)(11+12+1)
12 √
=
3,168
12
=√ 264=16.248

R−μ R 136.5−132 4.5

z= = = =0.28
σR 16.248 16.248

Interpretation

According to Reference Table 1, a two-tailed test at the F = 0.05 significance level has critical z-

scores Zc = + or -1.96. Because z = 0.28 is neither less than –1.96 nor greater than 1.96, you fail

to reject H0 and conclude that Bill and Steve’s golf scores are not different.