Republic of the Philippines

Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges

GRADUATE SCHOOL
General Santos City

STATISTICS
FINAL EXAM
Name: SAYSON, ZEUS D. MA1 Permit No. ___________

1. Differentiate t-test from F-test. Explain comprehensively. Give specific examples through

computation.

Answer:
t-Test is used to compare to mean while F-test is the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and
used in comparing the means of two or more independent groups.

t-Test:

²
Pre-Test Post-Test D1 D
30 40 -10 100
33 33 0 0
38 34 4 16
40 50 -10 100
25 34 -9 81
²
∑D = - 25 ∑D = 297
n= 5
D=-5
D −5
t= t=
172
(∑ D)
√
t=
√ ∑ D 2−
n
n(n−1)
−5
t=
−5
20

(−25)² √ 8.6

t=
√
−5
297−

5 (5−1)
5

t=
−5
625 2.93

t=
√
297−
5(4 )
−5
5

297−125 t = -1.71
√20
Variables Degree of t – Value (.05) Decision
Freedom (df) Computed Tabular
Pre-test and post-test result on 4 - 1.71 - 2.13 Not Significant
the effectiveness of blended
instructions among grade 3 (n-1)
learners

F-Test:
 A B C
² ² ²
X1 X1 X2 X2 X3 X3
45 2,025 40 1,600 35 1,225
40 1,600 48 2,304 36 1,296
48 2,304 42 1,764 40 1,600
² ² ²
∑X1 = 133 ∑X1 = 5,929 ∑X2 = 130 ∑X2 = 5,668 ∑X2 = 111 ∑X3 = 4,121

n1 = 3 n2 = 3 n3 = 3
X ₁ = 44.33 X ₂ = 43.33 X ₃ = 37

(∑ X ₁+∑ X ₂+∑ X ₃)² 139,876

CF= CF=
n ₁+n ₂+n ₃ 9
(133+130+111) ²
CF= CF=15,541.78
3+3+3
(374) ²
CF=
9

²
TSS = ∑X1 + ∑X ² + ∑X ² - CF
2 3

TSS = 5,929 + 5,668 + 4,121 – 15,541.78

TSS = 15,718 – 15,541.78
TSS = 176.22

(∑ X ₁)² (∑ X ₁)² (∑ X ₁)²

BSS= + + −CF
n₁ n₂ n₃
(133) ² (130)² (111)²
BSS= + + −15,541.78
3 3 3
17,689 16,900 12,321
BSS= + + −15,541.78
3 3 3
BSS=5,896.33+5,633.33+ 4,107−15,541.78
BSS=15,636.66−15,541.78
BSS=94.88

WSS = TSS – BSS

= 176.22 – 94.88
= 81.34

Analysis of Variance Table

Sources of Variation Degrees of Sum of Mean F – Value (.05) Decision
Freedom Square Squares Computed Tabular
(df) s

Between Groups (K-1) 2 94.88 47.44 3.50 5.14 Rejected

W/in Group (N-1)-(K-1) 6 81.34 13.56
Total N-1 8 176.22

2. Solve and have tables with interpretation:

A. A study is conducted on the relationship of attitude (x) and academic performance (y) of

10 grade 6 pupils using .05 level of significance and the hypothesis, that there is no significant
relationship between attitude and academic performance of grade 6 pupils, determine the

relationship using the following data:

ATTITUDE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

4.5 95
4 85
3.6 82
4.8 97
2.5 78
3.7 83
5 98
4.2 93
2.7 80
4 82

SOLUTION:

² ²
X1 X1 Y1 Y1
4.5 20.25 95 9,025
4 16 85 7,225
3.6 12.96 82 6,724
4.8 23.04 97 9,409
2.5 6.25 78 6,084
3.7 13.69 83 6,889
5 25 98 9,604
4.2 17.64 93 8,649
2.7 7.29 80 6,400
4 16 82 6,724
² ²
∑X1 = 39 ∑X1 = 158.12 ∑Y1 = 873 ∑Y1 = 76,733
n1 = 10 n2 = 10
X = 3.9 Y = 87.3

² ( ∑ X 1) ² ² ( ∑ Y 1) ²
SS1 = ∑X1 - n₁
SS2 = ∑Y1 - n₂
( 39 ) ² ( 873 ) ²
= 158.12 - = 76,733 -
10 10
1,521 762,129
= 158.12 – = 76,733 –
10 10
= 158.12 – 152.1 = 76,733 – 76,212.9
= 6.02 = 520.1

X −Y
t=
SS ₁+SS ₂ 1 1
√[ +
n ₁+n ₂−2 n ₁ n ₂ ][ ]
3.9−87.3
t=
6.02+520.1 1 1
√[ +
10+10−2 10 10 ][ ]
−83.4
t=
526 . 12
√[ 18 ]
[ .1+.1 ]

−83.4
t=
√ [ 29.23 ][ .2 ]
−83.4
t=
√ 5.85
 −83.4
t=
2.42
t=−34.46

Variables Degree of t – Value (.05) Decision

Freedom (df) Computed Tabular
Significant relationship between 18 -34.46 - 1.734 Significant
attitude and academic
performance of grade 6 pupils (n1 + n2 – 2)

Since the t-computed value of - 34.46 is greater t-tabular - 1.734 at .05 level of significance
with 18 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the research hypothesis.
This means that there is a significant difference between the attitude and academic performance of
grade 6 pupils. It implies that the attitude of grade 6 pupils will affect to their academic
performance in school.

B. Is there a significance difference in the performance of teachers when analyze according to their

position title.

PERFORMANCE POSITION TITLE

95 MT 1
90 T3
85 T1
98 T3
90 MT1
86 T1
98 MT1
92 T3
95 MT1
85 T1
92 T3
90 T1

SOLUTION:

A B C
² ² ²
X1 X1 X2 X2 X3 X3
95 9,025 90 8,100 85 7,225
90 8,100 98 9,604 86 7,396
98 9,604 92 8,464 85 7,225
95 9,025 92 8,464 90 8,100
² ² ²
∑X1 = 378 ∑X1 = 35,754 ∑X2 = 372 ∑X2 = 34,632 ∑X2 = 346 ∑X3 = 29,946

n1 = 4 n2 = 4 n3 = 4
X ₁ = 94.5 X ₂ = 93 X ₃ = 86.5

(∑ X ₁+∑ X ₂+∑ X ₃)² 1,201,216

CF= CF=
n ₁+n ₂+n ₃ 12
(378+372+346)²
CF= CF=100,101.33
4+ 4+ 4
(1,096)²
CF=
12

²
TSS = ∑X1 + ∑X ² + ∑X ² - CF
2 3
TSS = 35,754 + 34,632 + 29,946 – 100,101.33
TSS = 100,332 – 100,101.33
TSS = 230.67

(∑ X ₁)² (∑ X ₁)² (∑ X ₁)²

BSS= + + −CF
n₁ n₂ n₃
(378) ² (372)² (346)²
BSS= + + −100,101.33
4 4 4
142,884 138,384 119,716
BSS= + + −100,101.33
4 4 4
BSS=35,721+34,596+29,929−100,101.33
BSS=100,246−100,101.33
BSS=144.67

WSS = TSS – BSS

= 230.67 – 144.67
= 86

Analysis of Variance Table

Sources of Variation Degrees of Sum of Mean F – Value (.05)
Freedom Squares Squares Computed Tabular
(df)

Between Groups (K-1) 3 144.67 48.22 4.49 4.07

W/in Group (N-1)-(K-1) 8 86 10.75
Total N-1 11 230.67

DECISION RULE:
If the F computed value is greater than F tabular value, rejected H 0.

CONCLUSION:

Since the F-computed value of 4.49 is greater than the F-tabular value of 4.07 at .05 level of

significance with 3 and 8 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the

research hypothesis which means that there is significant difference in the performance of the

teachers when analyze according to their position title.

C. An experimental study was conducted on the effectiveness of blended instructions among 10

grade 3 learners. Before the program was implemented the pre-test was administered and after 4

months the same strategy was used to get the post test result. The following is the result of the

experiment. Make a hypothesis, compute, make a table and interpret.

PRE-TEST POST-TEST
25 40
28 28
30 29
40 50
 22 33
30 30
36 40
25 40
38 35
26 38

SOLUTION:

²
Pre-Test Post-Test D1 D
25 40 -15 225
28 28 0 0
30 29 1 1
40 50 -10 100
22 33 -11 121
30 30 0 0
36 40 -4 16
25 40 -15 225
38 35 3 9
26 38 -12 144
²
∑D = - 63 ∑D = 841
n = 10
D = - 6.3

D −6.3
t= t=
444.1
(∑ D)
√
t=
√ ∑ D 2−
n
n( n−1)
−6.3
t=
−6.3
90

(−63)² √ 4.93

t=
√ 841−

−6.3
10
10 (10−1)

t=
−6.3
3,969 2.22

t=
√ 841−
10
10(9)
−6.3
841−396.9 t = -2.84
√ 90

Variables Degree of t – Value (.05) Decision

Freedom (df) Computed Tabular
Pre-test and post-test result on 19 - 2.84 - 1.729 Significant
the effectiveness of blended
instructions among grade 3 (n-1)
learners

The t-computed value of - 2.84 is beyond the tabular value of -1.729 at .05
level of significance with 19 degree of freedom the null hypothesis is therefore
rejected in favor of the research hypothesis. This means that the post-test result is
higher than the pre-test result. It implies that the result on the effectiveness of
blended instructions among grade 3 learners is effective.