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CE 312
Introduction to Pavement Design

10 & 12 November 2021

Finals Coverage
MATERIALS AND PAVEMENTS Part 5:
Traffic & HW
Eng’g (Garber & Hoel)

Chapter 17: Soils Engineering for Highway Design (Pages 895 – 937)
Chapter 18: Bituminous Materials (Pages 943 – 1019)
Chapter 19: Design of Flexible Pavements (Pages 1025 – 1070)
Chapter 20: Design of Rigid Pavements (Pages 1075 – 1129)

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Soil Engineering
• Soils for Pavement Structure Only

• Suitability of Soils, in general

 Coarse-grained are accepted

Fine-grained are generally rejected

Particle-Distribution Curve

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The “Acceptable” Soil Type

• AASHTO Soil Classification

DPWH Standard Specifications for

Embankment Materials
Engineered Fill Requirements

Ground replacement of the natural ground will necessitate formation of engineered fill. The
requirements for engineered fill are commonly referenced to the provisions indicated in the
DPWH Blue Book which states that suitable fill materials are:

(1) All Particles passing 75mm (3”) sieve

(2) Less than 15% passing 0.075mm (sieve #200)
(3) Plasticity index of not more than 6% (PI = LL – PL)
(4) Liquid limit of not more than 30%

Items 1 and 2 were determined in accordance with AASHTO T 11 (ASTM C136), Items 3 and 4
were determined as per AASHTO T 90 and AASHTO T 89 (ASTM D4318), respectively

Reference:
(Item 104, DPWH Standard Specifications Volume II)

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DPWH Standard Specifications for

Embankment Materials (cont’n)
In contrast, unsuitable materials are described as:

(1) Materials containing detrimental quantities of organic materials,

such as grass, roots and sewerage
(2) Organic soils such as peat and muck
(3) Soils with liquid limit exceeding 80% and/or plasticity index
exceeding 55%
(4) Soils with a natural water content exceeding 100%
(5) Soils with very low natural density, 800 kg/m3 or lower
(6) Soils that cannot be properly compacted as determined by the
Engineer

Spreading and Compaction

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Types of Pavements

1. Flexible Selection depends on:

Binders – bitumen/asphalt, resins
2. Rigid Pavement
PC – Portland Cement
PCCP – PC Concrete Pavement
a. Load (traffic, design life, etc.)
b. Soil materials present on site
c. “Other” requirements

Flexible Pavements (e.g. Asphalt)

• Makes use of a “binder”, e.g. bitumen/asphalt, or resins

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Design of F. Pavement

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Rigid Pavement
• Portland Cement

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Design of R. Pavement
• Beam on elastic foundation (springs)

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Thickness Design
• AASHTO Method