2018 XXIIIrd International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED)

Scattering of a Cylindrical Wave from an Impedance

Strip by Using the Method of Fractional Derivatives
E. I. Veliev1,2 .DPLO.DUDoXKD1
1Informatics Institute of Istanbul Technical University 1Informatics Institute of Istanbul Technical University
2
1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RIµ.KDUNLY3RO\WHFKQLF,QVWLWXWH¶ Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul, Turkey karacuha17@itu.edu.tr
eldarveliev@itu.edu.tr
veliev51@gmail.com

(UWX÷UXO.DUDoXKD1
1
Informatics Institute of Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul, Turkey
karacuhae@itu.edu.tr

Abstract² Earlier, we considered the use of fractional derivative

approach to solve two dimensional diffraction problems with
incoming wave as plane wave or cylindrical wave on an impedance
strip. By introducing the fractional boundary condition (FBC), the
³IUDFWLRQDOVWULS´ZKLFKLVVXEMHFWWR)%&LVVROYHG)%&DFWVDV
an intermediate case between perfect electric conductor and
perfect magnetic conductor. The Cylindrical wave diffraction
problem from a strip described by FBC is formulated and solved
using new method. While analyzing the scattering properties of
fractional strip, new features are observed. When fractional order
(FO) equals to 0.5, the problem can be found in analytical form for
any value of wavenumber. Here, FO is taken 0.5 and the study is
done by putting line source at far field and having analytical
solution by using asymptotic approach.

Index Terms²fractional derivative method, fractional boundary

condition, diffraction, line source, scattering Figure 1. Geometry of the Problem

I.INTRODUCTION Incidence field has the form as (1) and scattered field can be
expressed as (2).
Application of the method of fractional derivatives to solve
the two-dimensional problem of diffraction of a plane wave and ఎ ௞ ሺଵሻ
‫ܧ‬ሬԦ௭௜ ሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ െ‫ܬ‬ሬሬሬ௘Ԧ బ ‫ܪ‬଴ ൫݇ඥሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬௢ ሻଶ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ݕ‬௢ ሻଶ ൯
also cylindrical wave on an impedance strip are studied well [1- ସ
4]. In [2], the concept of a fractional strip and usage of fractional ஶ
derivative approach were introduced. In this concept, surface of ሻାඥଵିఈ మ ȁሺ௬ି௬೚ ሻȁቃ ݀ߙ
the strip, which is subject to fractional boundary conditions is ൌ ‫ ܤ‬න ݁ ௜௞ቂఈሺ௫ି௫೚
ξͳ െ ߙ ଶ
examined. The problem has been studied quite well on the basis ିஶ
of various methods. The proposed approach allows one to (1)
ఎబ ௞
obtain an analytical solution of the problem for fractional order Here, ‫ ܤ‬ൌ െ‫ܬ‬௘ , ߟ଴ is the impedance of free space, k is the
ସగ
Ȟ = 0.5. Here, on the basis of the method of fractional ሺଵሻ
wave number and ‫ܪ‬଴ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻis Hankel function zero order first
derivatives [2], the problem of diffraction of a cylindrical wave
kind.
on an impedance strip is solved. The case of E-polarization was
examined. ஶ
‫ܧ‬ሬԦ௭௦ ሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ି׬‬ஶ ݂ ଵିఔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሻ‫ ܩ‬ఔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ᇱ
II. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM (2)
The two dimensional strip with width 2a located at y=0 In (2), ݂ ଵିఔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሻis fractional density of surface current on the
plane. The strip is infinite along z-axis. The location of source strip and, ‫ ܩ‬ఔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ is the fractional Green's function [4]
whose expression has the form ‫ܬ‬Ԧ௘ ൌ ‫ݖ‬Ԧ‫ܬ‬௘ ߜሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬௢ ሻߜሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ݕ‬௢ ሻ is which can be expressed as
at the point (‫ݔ‬௢ ǡ ‫ݕ‬௢ ) as shown in Figure 1.

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 2018 XXIIIrd International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED)

݅ ஶ
ሺଵሻ ߟ଴ ݇ േ௜ గ
‫ ܩ‬ఔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ െ ुఔ௞௬ ‫ܪ‬଴ ቀ݇ඥሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬௢ ሻଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ቁ మ ଵ
Ͷ ‫ܬ‬௘ ݁ ସ න ݁ ௜௞ሺሺ௫ି௫బሻఈି௬బඥଵିఈ ሻ ሺͳ െ ߙ ଶ ሻିସ ݀ߙ
(3) Ͷߨ
ିஶ
where, ुఔ௞௬ is the fractional derivative with respect to ݇‫ ݕ‬with (8)
the order of ߥ and ुఔ௞௬ will be determined from Riemann ± At left hand side (LHS) of the integral in (8) is inverse Fourier
Liouville equation [5] as (4) Transform. By taking into account (6), normalized fractional
௬ density of surface current becomes,
ͳ ݀ ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ुఔ௬ ݂ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ න ݀‫ݐ‬
Ȟሺͳ െ ߥሻ ݀‫ݕ‬ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ݐ‬ሻఔ ݂ሚ ଴Ǥହ ሺߦሻ ൌ
ିஶ ஶ
(4) గ ඥଵିఈ మ ቃ ଵ
The dependence on time is ݁ ି௜ఠ௧
which is omitted everywhere. െʹ݅ߝ‫݁ܤ‬ ‫ט‬௜
ସ න ݁ ௜ቂሺఌఈకି௞௫బఈሻା௞௬బ ሺͳ െ ߙ ଶ ሻିସ ݀ߙ
Total field can be represented as a superposition of the fields ିஶ
(9)
‫ܧ‬ሬԦ௭ ൌ ‫ܧ‬ሬԦ௭௜ ൅ ‫ܧ‬ሬԦ௭௦ . After Fourier transform of ݂ ଵିఔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሻ , the
In order to get rid of the integral at the LHS in (8), multiply both
scattered field has the form
side with ݁ ି௜௞௫ఉ and take integral from ±1 to +1 with respect to
x. Then, Fourier image of current becomes as
‫ܧ‬௭௦ ሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ
గ ஶ
݁ േ௜ ଶ ఔ ඥ మ ఔିଵ ‫ ܨ‬଴Ǥହ ሺߚሻ ൌ
െ݅ න ‫ܨ‬ଵିఔ ሺߙሻ݁ ௜௞ቂఈ௫േ௬ ଵିఈ ቃ ሺͳ െ ߙ ଶ ሻ ଶ ݀ߙ ஶ
Ͷߨ గ •‹ሺ߳ሺߙ െ ߚሻሻ ଵ మ
‫ט‬௜
ିஶ െ݅Ͷ‫݁ܤ‬ ସ න ሺͳ െ ߙ ଶ ሻିସ ݁ ି௜௞ሺ௫బା௬బඥଵିఈ ሻ ݀ߙ
(5) ሺߙ െ ߚሻ
where, ିஶ
ଵ (10)
ଵିఔ ሺߙሻ ሚଵିఔ ሺߦሻ݁ ି௜ఌఈక After having (10), scattered field can be found by using (4) for
‫ܨ‬ ൌ න݂ ݀ߦǡ
ߥ ൌ ͲǤͷ.
ିଵ In this paper, it is examined to have cylindrical line source at far
௫ field with arbitrary angle. In the cylindrical coordinate
݂ሚଵିఔ ሺߦሻ ൌ ݂ܽ ଵିఔ ሺߦሻ, ߳ ൌ ݇ܽǡ ߦ ൌ systemሺߩǡ ɔሻ, x =ߩFRV ij y =ߩVLQ ij. Then, by using steepest
௔
ஶ
ߝ descent method and coordinate change [7], for large ݇ߩ଴ , (10)
݂ሚଵିఔ ሺߦሻ ൌ න ‫ܨ‬ଵିఔ ሺߙሻ݁ ௜ఌఈక ݀ߙ becomes as
ʹߨ
ିஶ
(6) ‫ ܨ‬଴Ǥହ ሺߚሻ ൌ
ሬԦ ௦
In order to find the scattered field ‫ܧ‬௭ , it is needed to subject గ ʹߨ •‹ሺ߳ሺܿ‫ߠݏ݋‬଴ ൅ ߚሻሻ ௜௞ఘ ି௜గȀସ
total field to new boundary condition [1, 2] which is known as െ݅Ͷ‫ט ݁ܤ‬௜ ସ ඨ ඥ‫ߠ݊݅ݏ‬଴ ݁ బ
Fractional Boundary Condition (FBC). The condition can be ݇ߩ଴ ሺܿ‫ߠݏ݋‬଴ ൅ ߚሻ
expressed as the following equation. (11)
If kߩĺ’ZHFDQXVHWKHPHWKRGRIVWDWLRQDU\SKDVHWRGHULYH
ुఔ௞௬ ሾ‫ܧ‬௭௜ ሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ܧ‬௭௦ ሿห ൌͲ the expression for ‫ܧ‬௭௦ ሺߩǡ ɔሻ as follows
௬ୀേ଴
(7)
‫ܧ‬௭௦ ሺߩǡ ɔሻ ൌ ‫ܣ‬ሺ݇ߩሻȰఔ ሺɔሻ while kߩ ĺ’ (16)
where‫ݔ‬ǡ െܽ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ܽ and ߥ is fractional order (FO). From (7),
where,
it is understood that fractional order ߥ ൌ Ͳ corresponds to
ଶ
perfect electric conducting surface (PEC), whereas ߥ ൌ ͳ ‫ܣ‬ሺ݇ߩሻ ൌ ටగ௞ఘ݁ ௜௞ఘି௜గȀସ
corresponds to perfect magnetic conducting surface (PMC). For
݅
the other values of ߥ between 0 and 1, we are in middle of PEC Ȱ଴Ǥହ ሺɔሻ ൌ െ ሺേ݅ሻఔ ‫ ܨ‬଴Ǥହ ሺܿ‫ݏ݋‬ɔሻඥ‫݊݅ݏ‬ɔ
and PMC boundary condition. Ͷ
(17)
The FBC is analogous to the impedance boundary conditions.
For (17), ሺ൅ሻ݂݅Ͳ ൏ ɔ ൏ ߨǡ ሺെሻ݂݅ߨ ൏ ɔ ൏ ʹߨ
FBC (7) leads to integral equations with respect to the
unknowns ‫ܨ‬ଵିఔ ሺߙሻሾͳሿ . As shown in [1], these integral
equations have an analytical solution only for fractional values The function Ȱఔ ሺɔሻ denotes the radiation pattern (RP) of the
ఙ
Ȟ  In this case, the impedance ߟ ൌ െ݅ is purely imaginary scattered field. The formula for the bi-static RCS మౚ and
஛
[3, 6].We give an analytical form of the solution for large ߳ monostatic RCS ߪଶୢ is derived from the expression for RP
values given in (6) when fractional order Ȟ . By taking into Ȱఔ ሺɔሻ as given in [7]. (18) stands for bistatic and monostatic
consideration (5), (6) and (7), it is obtained as (8) radar cross section definitions respectively.
గ ஶ ఙమౚ ଶ ఙమౚ
݁ േ௜ ଶ ሺɔሻ ൌ ȁȰሺɔሻȁଶ Ǣ ߪଶୢ ሺ݉‫ܿ݅ݐܽݐݏ݋݊݋‬ሻ ൌ  ሺߠ௢ ሻ
஛ ஠ ஛
െ݅ න ‫ ܨ‬଴Ǥହ ሺߙሻ݁ ௜௞ఈ௫ ݀ߙ ൌ (18)
Ͷߨ
ିஶ

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 2018 XXIIIrd International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED)

III. NUMERICAL RESULTS

In this section, we have analyzed numerically what is found
in previous section. Here, Radiation Pattern of Scattered Field,
Monostatic Radar Cross Section, and Bistatic Radar Cross
Section of µIUDFWLRQDOVWULS¶LVVWXGLHGZKHQIUDFWLRQDORUGHULV
ߥ ൌ ͲǤͷ. For ߥ ൌ ͲǤͷ, the field expression is found analytically.
For the other fractional orders, field expression needs to be
found numerically. The important part of this study is to find
analytical expression for scattered electric field without having
a strip with perfect electric conducting surface or perfect
magnetic conducting surface.
Here, the radiation pattern can be written as Figure 3. Radiation Pattern for ߳ ൌ ߨ

Ȱ଴Ǥହ ൌ
•‹ሺ߳ሺܿ‫ߠݏ݋‬଴ ൅ ܿ‫ݏ݋‬ɔሻሻ
െ݅‫ܤ‬෨ ඥ‫ߠ݊݅ݏ‬଴ ඥ‫݊݅ݏ‬ɔ
ሺܿ‫ߠݏ݋‬଴ ൅ ܿ‫ݏ݋‬ɔሻ
(19)
where
ʹߨ ௜௞ఘ ି௜గȀସ
‫ܤ‬෨ ൌ ‫ܤ‬ඨ ݁ బ
݇ߩ଴
‫ܤ‬෨ is constant for each specific ߩ଴ values therefore, in the
radiation pattern and radar cross sections, the part
ୱ୧୬ሺఢሺ௖௢௦ఏబ ା௖௢௦஦ሻሻ
െ݅ඥ‫ߠ݊݅ݏ‬଴ ඥ‫݊݅ݏ‬ɔ is taken into account. As it
ሺ௖௢௦ఏబ ା௖௢௦஦ሻ
can be seen from (19), there is no scattered field when line
source is located at the angle of 0 or ߨ radians.
Figures 2-4 show the radiation pattern of scattered field, for Figure 4. Radiation Pattern for ߳ ൌ ͷߨ
different frequency parameter ߳ and angle of line source
గ
location. In order to visualize easier, the geometry of the For Bistatic RCS, 1 is responsible for ߠ଴ ൌ , 2 is responsible
ଶ
problem given in Figure 1 is attached at the upper left corner in గ గ
for ߠ଴ ൌ , 3 is responsible for ߠ଴ ൌ and 4 is responsible for
RP figures. Figure 5-7 shows Bistatic RCS for different గ
ଷ ସ
frequency parameter ߳ and angle of line source location. ߠ଴ ൌ .
ଷ଴
Besides, in Figure 8, Monostatic RCS is given for different ߳
values.
గ గ
For RP, 1 is responsible for ߠ଴ ൌ , 2 is responsible for ߠ଴ ൌ ,
ଶ ଷ
గ గ
3 is responsible for ߠ଴ ൌ and 4 is responsible for ߠ଴ ൌ .
ସ ଷ଴

Figure 5. Bistatic Radar Cross Section for ߳ ൌ ͲǤͳߨ

Figure 2. Radiation Pattern for ߳ ൌ ͲǤͳߨ

Figure 6. Bistatic Radar Cross Section for ߳ ൌ ߨ

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 2018 XXIIIrd International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED)
Figure 7. Bistatic Radar Cross Section for ߳ ൌ ͷߨ
గ
For Monostatic RCS, 1 is responsible for ߳ ൌ , 2 is
ଵ଴
responsible for ߳ ൌ ߨ, 3 is responsible for ߳ ൌ ͷߨ.
Figure 8. Monostatic Radar Cross Section for different ߳ values
IV. CONCLUSION
In this study, scattering analysis of a cylindrical wave from
an impedance strip by using fractional derivative approach is
studied. The problem of diffraction of cylindrical wave by a
strip with FBC has been formulated and for fractional orderߥ,
0.5, the analytical expression of the field is found. FBC are
characterized by the value of the fractional order ߥ between 0
and 1. Impedance of the strip is given as ߟ ൌ ඥߤȀ߳ . When
fractional order ߥ equals to 0.5, the relative impedance of the
strip becomes Ȃ ݅ for the normal incidence [3]. In such case, the
ఢ ఓ
surface constitutive parameters satisfy ൅ ൌ Ͳ where߳଴, is
ఢబ ఓబ
the permittivity and ߤ଴ is the permeability of free space. If there
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was a surface with impedanceȂ ݅, the properties of scattering of
cylindrical wave from 2-dimensional strip would be the same
as the study done here. Such surface has a very special
characteristics in the sense of radiation and scattering. It means,
as it is seen in Monostatic and Bistatic Radar Cross Section
(Fig. 6-8), there are resonances for the specific angle of
incidence depending on frequency parameter ߳ given in (6)
whereas such resonances cannot be seen in PEC or PMC
structures.
Here, especially, source is located at far field and far field
radiation characteristics are investigated. For some specific
angles, it is observed that there is no scattering depending on
the ߳ values. This method can be applied for different
geometries. Introducing fractional derivative method can lead
to a promising approach and technique in modeling of
scattering from complicated surfaces when fractional order is
defined from physical parameters [8].
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[1] E. I. Veliev, M. V. IvakhnyFKHQNR DQG 7 0 $KPHGRY ³)UDFWLRQDO
%RXQGDU\&RQGLWLRQV,Q3ODQH:DYHV'LIIUDFWLRQ2Q$6WULS´3URJUHVV
In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 79, pp. 443±462, 2008.
[2] 0 9 ,YDNKQ\FKHQNR ( , 9HOLHY DQG 7 0 $KPHGRY ³6FDWWHULQJ
Properties Of The Strip With Fractional Boundary Conditions And
&RPSDULVRQ :LWK 7KH ,PSHGDQFH 6WULS´ 3URJUHVV ,Q (OHFWURPDJQHWLFV
Research C, vol. 2, pp. 189±205, 2008.
[3] E. I. Veliyev, K. Karacuha, E. Karacuha, and O. Dur, "The Use of the
Fractional Derivatives Approach to Solve the Problem of Diffraction of a
Cylindrical Wave on an Impedance Strip," Progress In Electromagnetics
Research Letters, Vol. 77, 19-25, 2018.
[4] E. I. Veliev DQG 1 (QJKHWD ³*HQHUDOL]DWLRQ RI *UHHQ¶V 7KHRUHP ZLWK
)UDFWLRQDO'LIIHULQWHJUDWLRQ´,((($3-S International Symposium
& USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2003.
[5] S. G. Samko, A. A. Kilbas, and O. I. Marichev, Fractional Integrals and
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[6] E.I. Veliev, T.M. Ahmedov, M.V. Ivakhnychenko. )UDFWLRQDO JUHHQ¶V
function and fractional boundary conditions in diffraction of
electromagnetic waves on plane screens. Azerbaijan Journal of
Mathematics V. 1, No 1, 2011, January ISSN 2218-6816
[7] C. A. Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetic, Wiley, 1989.
[8] E. I. Veliev, T. Ahmedov, M. Ivakhnychenko (June 21st 2011). Fractional
Operators Approach and Fractional Boundary Conditions,
Electromagnetic Waves Vitaliy Zhurbenko, IntechOpen. Available from:
https://www.intechopen.com/books/electromagnetic-waves/fractional-
operators-approach-and-fractional-boundary-conditions