MAT 104 Group 6 Presentation

Members:
• Ohahuru Jason – BU21CSC1044
• Oluyomi Moronfoluwa – BU21CSC1061
• Oresanya Aaron – BU21CSC1024
• Momoh Lifted Oshobugie – BU21CSC1008
• Akinsanya Ayomide – BU21CSC1023
• Oni Jesutomi Johnmyles – BU21CSC1064
• Adebayo Olamide Abibat – BU21CSC2013
• Olubode Wande – BU21MCT1040
• Ogunbanwo Olaoluwa Ayomide – BU21MCT1042
• Akinrele Abolaji – BU21MCT1027
• Owoyemi Favour – 09126127717
• Ogundele Fateemat Pelumi – BU21CSC1067
• Mbriza Ayuba – BU21EEE10
 Straight Lines & Circles
As we all know, a straight line is the shortest distance between two points. These lines can be
written in form of equations,

i.e., a + b = c

There are forms in equations of lines can be written in of which exist three:

A. Slope-intercept form
Equations of lines can be written in a slope-intercept form and it’s given as

y = mx + c
where,
m = the gradient of the line
c = y-intercept

B. Standard form
The second form of writing equations of lines is known as the standard from. It’s given as

Ax +By = C

where,

A & B = coefficients

x & y = variables

C. Point-slope form
The third form of writing the equations of lines is known as the point-slope form. It’s given
as

Y – Y1 = m(X – X1)

X-intercept & Y-intercept

The x-intercept is a point, though specific, where y is equal to zero (y = 0). It’s any value of x where
y is equals zero. The reverse is the case for the y-intercept i.e., it’s a point where x is equal to zero (x = 0).
It’s any value of y when x equals zero.

For example, given the equation y = 5x – 15, to find the x and y intercepts, you equate the other
variable to zero

i.e.,
 when x = 0, when y = 0

y = 5(0) – 15 0 = 5x – 15

y = -15 (y-intercept) 15 = 5X

3=x

∴x=3

Parallel & Perpendicular lines

Parallels lines are lines that travel in the same direction but never touch or meet. And since they
travel in the same direction their slope or gradients are equal to each other

i.e., m1 = m2

Whereas, perpendicular lines do meet and do so at 900. Their slopes however are not equal to
each other. The product of the slopes of two perpendicular lines is equal to -1. So it can be said that the
slope of one line is the negative reciprocate of the other.

i.e., m1m2 = -1

m1 = -1/m2

Drawing graphs of straight lines

E.g.: draw the graph of the equation y = 2x -4

y = 2x – 4 m=2

y = mx + c = ∆y /∆x

m=2 =2/1

c = -4

The gradient can be said to be

the rise over the run i.e., the y

and the x axis respectively

So, after plotting the y axis you
move up by two and to the left
by 1 to get the next point.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

-2

-4
 E.g.: draw the graph of 3x – 2y = 6

3x – 2y = 6 So first get the y-intercept

Let,

y=0

3x – 2(0) = 6

3x = 6

x = 2 (2, 0)

Let, Then get the x-intercept

x=0

3(0) – 2y = 6

-2y = 6

y = -3 (0, -3) Then plot each intercept on the graph

1 2 3 4 6 7
1

E.g.: draw the graph of y – 3 = 2(x – 2)

y – 3 = 2(x – 2)

Recall, y – y1 = m (x – x1)

By comparison, m = 2

y1 = 3

x1 = 2 p (2, 3)
 4

1 2 3 4 5 6

E.g.: draw the graphs of y = 2 and x = 3 respectively

y=2 x=3

m = ∆y /∆x m = ∆y / x∆

=0 = undefined

The gradient is zero because there will be no The gradient here is undefined because

change in y and so any number divided by 0 is 0 there’s no change in x and so 0 divided

by any number is impossible therefore

is undefined
 Equation of a circle

Note that it’s not only lines that be represented by equations. Circles also can be
represented by equations. The standard equation for a circle is given as

X2 + Y2 = R2

Where,

R2 = the square of the radius of the circle

It can also be written as

(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = R2

The coordinate of the center of the circle is given as

C (h, k)

E.g.: draw the graph of a circle given the equation (x – 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16

(x – 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16

C = (2, -2)

R = √16

=4

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

5
E.g.: draw the circle represented by the equation x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y + 21 = 0

x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y + 21 = 0

x2 + 8x + y2 – 6y = -21

using completing the square method for both variables

x2 + 8x + 42 + y2 – 6y + 32 = -21 + 42 + 32

x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 6y + 9 = -21 + 16 + 9

factorizing the variables

(x + 4)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4

(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = R2

c (-4, 3) R =√4

=2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

E.g.: given the center of a circle as (2, -5) and the radius R = 3, find the equation of a circle

c (2, -5) R=3

h = 2, k = -5

recall,
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = R2

(x – 2)2 + [y – ( -5)] = 32

(x – 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 9