Waste List

 # Waste Stream Name

and link to relevant
Description
Management
Instructions
1 Acids Acids refer to substances and mixtures with a pH less than 7. There are two principal groups: inorganic
or mineral acids, and organic acids. Generally in liquid form (solutions) though can be in solid form.
Various types and concentrations and are used for a variety of applications.
2 Adhesives, resins Solvent based adhesives are a mixture of ingredients (typically polymers) dissolved in a solvent. They
and sealants include flammable solid and semi-solid residues; and aromatic organic solvents and alcohols.
Epoxy resin adhesives are two part thermosetting polymers formed from the reaction of an epoxide
'resin' with a polyamine 'hardener'. Includes a number of specific products - identify product and
active ingredients where possible.
Also includes thread locking compounds and duct sealants.
3 Alkalis and bases Alkalis refer to substances and mixtures with a pH greater than 7. Alkalis are sometimes referred to as
bases. Generally in liquid form (typically hydroxide solutions) although occur in solid crystalline form,
e.g. caustic soda pearls. There are a range of types and concentrations used for various applications -
often for cleaning, but also for sterilization and acid neutralization.
Includes caustic soda which is used as an oil well drilling fluid additive, pH modifier and also as an
ingredient of industrial cleaning solutions, detergents and sterilizing fluids.
4 Antifreezes Antifreeze, a liquid solution based on either ethylene or propylene glycol that lowers the freezing
point and raises the boiling point of water. Antifreeze (which is typically 30-60% ethylene glycol),
ethylene glycol, mono ethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol are all considered together and also
called coolant.
May e blended with synergistic corrosion, scale and algae inhibitors and may also be contaminated
with metals, oils and other substances.
Also includes triethylene glycol removed from natural gas dehydration systems or collected from
drainage filters.
5 Asbestos Natural mineral fiber that was historically used in building materials such as insulation and vinyl
flooring due to its excellent resistance to fire, heat, electricity and chemical attack. Includes
gaskets. It can be a hazard to health and for this reason its use has declined considerably in recent
years. Strict regulations now exist to prevent dangerous levels of exposure - see Directive
2003/33/EC.
6 Batteries - dry cell General purpose batteries, both non-rechargeable and rechargeable, including button cells.
7 Batteries - wet cell Batteries with electrode grids containing lead oxides that changes in composition during charging and
discharging. The liquid electrolyte is dilute sulphuric acid. Lead acid batteries typically power
navigation lights, SCADA systems, vehicles and cathodic protection systems.
8 Bentonite Bentonite Waste Stream contains two waste sub-streams: a) Dry powder Bentonite (for reuse) and b)
Wet Bentonite for disposal
a) Bentonite Dry Powder is naturally occurring clay provided as a finely milled dry powder
b) Wet Bentonite is finely powdered bentonite clay mixture used to fill the space between well
screen, well casing, and borehole wall. Likely to be contaminated with brine, drilling fluids
(SOBM/WBM), Roemex, and high-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulosic (HEC) polymer and rock
debris cuttings, etc. If gravel pack fluid is greater than 30% in the waste material it will be
determined as Gravel Pack Fluids. If less than 30%, classify according to the main component.
9 Biocides and Includes: biocides, fungicides, herbicides (weed killers), disinfectants, insecticides, rodenticides,
pesticides Includes chlorine tablets.
10 Bitumen Hard dark brown cementitious material, predominantly bitumen and sand/grit. Asphalt is bitumen
with sand/grit additives. Pipe wrapping is solidified bituminous material used as lagging and filler
around pipe joints.
11 Cement Powdered cement material rendered unusable by exposure to water or moisture including:
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Unused dry cement powder left over from drilling and well works operations in sacks
Wet cement returned from downhole that may be contaminated with mud and contain retarder or
other contaminants.
12 Cementing A variety of chemical compounds added to cements used in well bores that act as retarders,
chemicals accelerators, defoamers, dispersants, spacers, weighting agents, set enhancers, chemical washes, gas
migration controllers, etc.
13* Clinical waste* Includes damaged or out of date medicines, used syringes and scalpels or other 'sharps' and 'soft'
soiled absorbents or dressings. Sharps are items that could cause cuts or puncture wounds including
needles, syringes with needles attached, broken glass ampoules, scalpels and other blades. Also
includes potentially infectious material such as laboratory test kits - containing sewage sample in the
isolated plastic, dead birds and other potential medical-related material generated from operations
at wildlife rehabilitation centers, rags with human and animal blood
14 Construction debris Excavated soils, rubble (waste bricks, cement, mortar, concrete and masonry), may also include waste
timber, metal, glass - generated from construction and demolition activities, glass-based fibrous
materials etc. which are unsuitable for recycling. May be hazardous if contaminated with oil or other
hazardous substances in sufficient quantities.
15* Contaminated Various materials including rags, brushes, clothing, dust masks, absorbent(s) boom (soft), desiccants,
materials* hard booms etc. that are lightly contaminated with oil, chemical, paint, thinners, sewage, Oil Mixed
with Trash or other materials during the oil spill response and normal operational and maintenance
activities that cannot be cleaned, repaired, or reused. Contaminated materials consist of two waste
sub-streams a) Chemically contaminated materials and b) Oily contaminated materials. Heavily
contaminated materials need to be treated as per the contaminating substance.
16 Contaminated soil Soils and sands contaminated with oil or chemicals. Oil mixed with Fine Grain Material, Oil mixed with
and sand* Coarse Grain Material Tar balls as a result of oil spill which are likely to be suitable for in-situ
treatment. NB - does not include ‘produced sand’.
17 Container - metal Empty metal drums and cans (cleaned or uncleaned) which may have been previously filled with oil,
grease or chemicals.
18 Container - plastic Empty plastic drums and cans (cleaned or uncleaned) which may have been previously filled with oil,
grease or chemicals.
19* Domestic/office May include paper, non-recyclable plastics, Styrofoam, cardboard, glass - generated from
wastes* canteen/offices activities, metal, packaging and food wastes where these cannot be separated or are
otherwise non-recyclable. These could include any number of hazardous materials in small quantities
such as batteries, chemicals, paints, air filters from engines, and incandescent lamps etc. Also includes
non-contaminated materials that has been recovered from support operations of the oil spill cleanup
activities, including trash and garbage
20 Drilling chemicals A variety of chemical compounds added to drilling muds used in well bores that act as weighting
agents (dry and/or wet barites), drag reducers, stabilisers, thinners, deflocculants, emulsifiers,
dispersants, etc.
21 Drill cuttings - ITD Residual solids remaining following the treatment of drill cuttings in the ITD unit.
processed
22 Drilling cuttings Particles generated by drilling into subsurface geological formations, including cured cement,
LTOBM returned to the surface with synthetic or tow toxicity mineral oil based muds. Up to 30% liquid
content.
Contaminated low toxicity mineral oil based mud (low-tox) used in the rotary drilling of wells. Greater
than 30% mud.
23 Drilling Muds - Drilling Fluids play several crucial roles in the drilling process: carrying cuttings out of the hole;
LTOBM cleaning, cooling and lubricating the bit; giving buoyancy to the drill string; controlling formation fluid
pressures; preventing formation damage; and providing borehole support and chemical stabilization.
The management of Low Toxicity Drilling Mud results in two main waste streams:
 Low Toxicity Oil Based Mud (low-tox) used in the rotary drilling of wells.
 the mud is either reused in the drilling process or, if no longer suitable / required for reuse in
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the drilling process, brought onshore for treatment and/or disposal.
24 Drilling cuttings Particles generated by drilling into subsurface geological formations, including cured cement,
SOBM returned to the surface with synthetic or tow toxicity mineral oil based muds. Up to 15% liquid
content.
Contaminated synthetic oil based mud (SBM) used in the rotary drilling of wells. Greater than 30%
mud.
25 Drilling muds – Drilling Fluids play several crucial roles in the drilling process: carrying cuttings out of the hole;
SOBM cleaning, cooling and lubricating the bit; giving buoyancy to the drill string; controlling formation fluid
pressures; preventing formation damage; and providing borehole support and chemical stabilization.
The management of Synthetic Oil Based Drilling Muds results in two main waste streams:
 Synthetic Oil Based Mud (SOBM) used in the rotary drilling of wells, with greater than 30%
mud content.
Off-shore treatment (centrifuge) of drilling fluids allows the separation of the mud and drill
cuttings.
 the mud is either reused in the drilling process or, if no longer suitable / required for reuse in
the drilling process, brought onshore for treatment and/or disposal.
26 Drilling cuttings Particles generated by drilling into subsurface geological formations, including cured cement,
WBM - contaminated returned to the surface with water based muds. Contaminated with oils or other hazardous chemicals.
Contaminated water based mud (WBM) used in the rotary drilling of wells. Greater than 30% mud.
Used and bearing contamination with oils or other hazardous chemicals.
27 Drilling muds WBM - Drilling Fluids play several crucial roles in the drilling process: carrying cuttings out of the hole;
contaminated cleaning, cooling and lubricating the bit; giving buoyancy to the drill string; controlling formation fluid
pressures; preventing formation damage; and providing borehole support and chemical stabilization.
The management of Water Based Drilling Fluids results in two main waste streams:
 Water Based Mud (WBM) used in the rotary drilling of wells, with greater than 30% mud content.
Off-shore treatment (centrifuge) of drilling fluids allows the separation of the mud and drill
cuttings.
 the mud is either reused in the drilling process or, if no longer suitable / required for reuse in the
drilling process, brought onshore for treatment and/or disposal.
28 Explosives Principally includes pyrotechnics such as used or time-expired emergency flares and smoke bombs.
29 Emulsified Oil* Oils spilled at sea can form water-in-oil emulsions, consisting of water droplets suspended in an oil
matrix. Once oil enters the sea it moves on the water’s surface by advection and spreading. This
movement increases the exposure area of the oil to subsequent “weathering processes,” one of which
is emulsification (National Research Council, 1985).
The viscosity can increase by orders of magnitude and the density can increase to nearly that of
water. For these reasons and because approximately 3/4 of the emulsion can be water, the
emulsification of an oil spill significantly complicates spill clean-up.
30 Filter bodies Disposable fabric or paper element in steel case (or otherwise) used in a process unit or engine that
removes particulate contaminants from lubricating oil or the fuel supply.
31 Filter media Activated carbon: consists of granular carbon particles specially treated to form a porous honeycomb-
like structure with highly absorbent properties. Used for the capture and adsorption of aromatic or
unsaturated aliphatic compounds, i.e. odour control, gas adsorption and oil-water separation. Ceramic
packing: material used in drying columns, absorbing columns, cooling towers, scrubbing towers, glycol
re-boilers, water treatment facilities, etc. Charcoal: A form of carbon (not activated) used for filters in
air conditioning units and water treatment facilities. RM-25: Oil contaminated starch based granular
media. Ground black walnut shells (oil contaminated). LTPW first planned cycle 2012/3.
Diatomaceous Earth for cleaning of the drilling cutting shaker. All may contain residues of filtered
materials/substances.
32 Filtrates and LTPW centrate and duplex: Solid particles recovered from sludge tank downstream of centrate
centrates recovery and hydrocyclones. LTPW DGF filter cake: Oil contaminated sand and other solids with
expected 3:1 solids to liquids ratio.
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33 Fire fighting foam Water based extinguishing medium using Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) concentrate to produce
heavy foams for controlling and extinguishing fires. Contains a surfactant mixture, typically diethylene
glycol monobutyl ether and fluorosurfactant. The product is supplied in concentrate form. Fire-ready
liquid is ~85% water, ~15% AFFF, and discharged foam. Refer to specific product MSDS for details of
composition. Generally non-hazardous unless used.
34 Gravel Pack Fluid Gravel Pack Fluids is gravel/coarse sand and finely powdered bentonite clay mixture used to fill the
space between well screen, well casing, and borehole wall. Likely to be contaminated with brine,
drilling fluids (SOBM/WBM), Roemex, and high-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulosic (HEC) polymer and
rock debris cuttings, etc. If gravel pack fluid is greater than 30% in the waste material it will be
determined as Gravel Pack Fluids. If less than 30%, classify according to the main component.
35 Greases Thick fatty oil containing a variety of paraffinic hydrocarbons used as a general purpose lubricant for
machine parts. May contain silicon or graphite among other substances.
36 Grit blast Granular abrasive material (garnet or slag-based) used to clean and prepare surfaces prior to painting,
coating or repair. Waste grit blast material also contains residue from the surface being treated
including paints and coatings, metal fragments, etc.
37 Hawsers Heavy duty ships' ropes that may be impregnated with preservatives such as grease, paraffin wax and
similar substances to prevent deterioration. Also often highly contaminated with oil residues.
38 Incinerator ash Ash residue from incineration processes. Consists of a mixture of fly ash and bottom ash from the
incinerator.
39* Laboratory Waste organic and inorganic chemicals and analytical reagents (pure or mixtures) arising from
chemicals and laboratories in containers no larger than a Winchester bottle (2.5 litres). Wide variety of substances
testing reagents* which may be classified as harmful, irritant, toxic, corrosive, flammable, oxidizing, etc. Refer to specific
MSDSs for details.
Includes chemicals from photographic labs. Fluids used to develop x-rays and photos. May include
bleaches, surfactants, and chelating agents. Various chemicals and compositions are used, but most
consist of para-phenylene diamine derivatives, hydroquinone and/or sodium sulphite and waste likely
to contain silver nitrate/chromium nitrate.
40 Lamps/tubes – Failed (burned out) fluorescent tube strip lights (including low mercury tubes and lamps, and compact
mercury vapour fluorescents) commonly found in offices, corridors and other space lighting. Crashed lamps /glass and
spent filters (1st and 2nd stage filters and Carbon canister filter) will be generated as by-products in
the result of crushing the lamps/tubes.
41 Metals - scrap Ferrous and non-ferrous metal debris arising from physical shaping, cutting, milling and drilling of
metal. All ferrous (iron containing) metals, principally steel. These metals include all uncontaminated
metal -scrap piping, off-cuts, production tubing and process equipment. All non-ferrous metals
including aluminium, brass, bronze, lead and zinc (but excluding copper, which is segregated for
recycling).
42 Non-emulsified oil* Non-emulsified oil is a raw crude oil spilled at sea and recovered before emulsification. Seawater less
than 30% and oil greater than 70%.

43 NORM waste Subsurface reservoirs contain water, oil and gas in various percentages. The formation water can
contain Barium, Strontium and Calcium and naturally occurring Radium or other radio nuclides. During
exploration when injected with water, this result in a chemical incompatibility with the subsequent
formation of a chemically inert and insoluble material commonly referred to as NORM. This material
can be deposited in the form of scale, sand, wax and sludge. NORM may also be present in produced
water, condensates and Radon gas, a radium daughter, may also be found in produced natural gas.
NORM waste will also be generated from decontamination of the NORM contaminated equipment
44 Oil delivery hose Specialist rubber hoses used to convey and transfer oils/cements between storage vessels, to road
tankers, etc. Complete hoses have an integral coupling at each end made from steel with o-ring seals.
45 Oils - cooking oil Oil, grease or fat used for cooking food.
46 Oils - fuel Diesel from generators, etc. that cannot be reused due to contamination with water, grit, etc. Used as
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a fuel for diesel engines and as a drilling fluid additive. Composition varies greatly but includes C9-C20
hydrocarbons.
Also aviation fuel, a specialised type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft and other
turbines. Waste arises from leaks, spills and samples taken from fuel tanks and lines. If fuel becomes
contaminated with water or sediment then it will become waste.
47 Oils - lubricating oil Used refined petroleum distillates including engine lubrication oil, motor oil, transmission oil and
hydraulic fluid.
48 Oils - transformer oil Oil (dielectric fluid) used in transformer units as well as some high voltage capacitors for cooling and
insulating purposes. Older transformers (specific date unknown) are likely to contain polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs produce toxic fumes under incomplete combustion and are carcinogenic; they
are also very stable and do not biodegrade, leading to their accumulation in the environment. PCBs
have now been replaced by alternatives such as stable low-hazard, silicone-based or fluorinated
hydrocarbons with fire resistant additives. Dielectric fluids are insulating and do not conduct
electricity.
49* Oily rags* Cotton and man-made fibre rags, oil or water saturated absorbent boom (soft) that cannot be cleaned
or reused and other contaminated sorbents used to absorb oils during the routine maintenance work
and oil spill response Oiled personal protective equipment, rags, boxes, etc. to be generated from a
spill response and wildlife rehabilitation activity.
50 Paints and coatings Water-based liquid paints and oil/solvent based liquid epoxy resin paints, lacquers and varnishes. May
be mixed with thinners.
51 Paper and cardboard Uncontaminated office paper, documents and cardboard packaging from all project activities.
52 Pigging discs Includes pigging discs made from rubber (natural or synthetic high polymers) used for de-waxing of
pipeline. May be contaminated with oil, paraffin (pigging) wax, or other dangerous/ hazardous
substances.
53 Pigging wax Paraffin wax cleaned from pipelines both on and off-shore during pigging/pipe cleaning operations.
54 Pipe dope Jointing compound/anti-seize lubricating grease for threaded connections. These compounds are
composed of various metals and greases including aluminium, aluminium alloys, lead, Teflon, etc.
Various grades and compositions exist, refer to specific MSDS for details. Pipe dope pre-1999 may
contain up to 30% lead and would therefore be hazardous.
55 Plastics - recyclable HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic material. Products made from HDPE include drums, crates
(HDPE) and pipes. Include buoys if these are HDPE.
56 Pressurized Compressed gas bottles and cylinders ranging in size from 1.5 to 150 litres. Includes a variety of
containers different cylinder and gas types used for various applications. Also applicable to fire extinguishers
which may contain small internal CO2 cylinders under high pressure. Aerosols containers are to be
treated as their contents if they have any. If they have been through a sanctioned cleaning process
they are to be treated as metal.
57 Produced sand Sand extracted during cleaning of separators offshore on rigs or at the terminal. Oil, salts of sodium,
potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate, together with elevated levels of some heavy metals,
may be present. Must be reported separately to 'contaminated soils'.
58 Production A variety of chemical compounds for solution to all of the myriad problems hindering maximum
chemicals production, processing and transporting of petroleum products. For example: chemicals to inhibit
corrosion, emulsion, scale, bacteria, foam, wax and hydrogen sulphide, Drug Reducing Agent (DRA)
etc.
59 Sewage sludge Sewage that has undergone primary or secondary treatment.

60* Sewage - untreated* Sanitary sewer water generated during the maintenance work and or failure of Sewage Treatment
Unit and also by Oil spill Response personnel in the emergency situation. Includes water from
portable toilets ('black water'), domestic waste water from hand washing stations, temporary housing
sinks, showers, etc. ('grey water')
61 Smoke detectors Smoke alarms/detectors with audible alert for the early warning of fire. Scrap detectors may arise due
to malfunction, depletion or damage beyond repair. Ionisation detectors contain a synthetic
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radioactive isotope (Americium-241), in a plastic and metal casing.
62* Solvents, degreasers Organic solvents used as industrial cleaning solutions (degreasers) and paint thinner, e.g. xylene,
and thinners* methylene dichloride, acetone, toluene, turpentine, etc.
Includes paint and coating thinners, organic solvents and organic degreasers.
63 Surfactants Compounds that lower surface or interfacial tension. Surfactants can act as detergents, wetting
agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants. Many are, or include, alkalis and bases.
64* Tank bottom sludge* Oily sludge from storage tank bottoms and oil separation processes.
65 Thread protectors Plastic caps or covers used to protect the threads of well pipes (made from HDPE plastic and/or metal)
during handling, transportation and storage. Typically contaminated with oil and pipe dope. If pipe
dope is pre-1999 may contain up to 30% lead and would therefore be hazardous.
66 Toner or printer Used ink or toner cartridges from computer printers, photocopiers, etc. The cartridges may contain
cartridges small quantities of residual carbon black toner.
67 Tyre Worn (beyond useable/legal tread depth) and damaged vehicle tyre (including inner tubes). These
arise from all forms of wheeled vehicles including passenger cars, forklifts, lorries, trailers and off-road
vehicles.
68 Waste Brine Waste Brine also known as completion fluids are composed of two-salt solutions: calcium bromide
(CaBr2) used in conjunction with calcium chloride (CaCl2) or sodium chloride (NaCl) weighted brines,
polymers and other additives to prevent damage to the well bore during operations preparing the
drilled well for production. Potential contamination from Roemex, dipropylene glycol methyl ether,
aliphatic alcohol, non-ionic surfactants and anionic surfactants. Waste Brine waste stream contains
two waste sub-streams: a) Waste Brine 1 and b) Waste Brine 2
69 Waste electrical and Includes all waste electrical and electronic cables which are damaged and not re-usable.
electronic cables
70 Waste electrical and Includes all waste electrical and electronic equipment which is damaged and not re-usable. Generally
electronic equipment non-hazardous, but may be hazardous.

71 Water - ballast water Water used by ships to provide stability. Some ballast water which requires discharging may have
been brought into the Caspian Sea by vessels from other international waters via the Volga Canal; this
water may contain organisms alien to the Caspian ecosystem.
72 Water - hydro test Water mixed with chemicals used to test integrity of piping systems, tanks, etc. See MSDSs of
water contaminants for individual components.
73* Water - oily * Fresh and/or seawater contaminated with oil and/or chemical during the oil spill response. Includes
drainage waters, bilge waters, tank washings and wildlife washings/cleaning (each bird washed may
generate up to 400 litres of wash water). Fresh and salt water mixed with oil and chemicals, with an
emulsion layer present; includes storm water and groundwater. Water – oily waste stream consist of
two waste sub-streams: a) Water Type 1 and b) Water Type 2.
74 Water – chemically* Fresh and/or seawater contaminated with chemical during the oil spill response. Includes drainage
waters, chemically container washings at SPS CWAA and wildlife washings/cleaning (each bird washed
may generate up to 400 litres of wash water) at the wildlife response center. Fresh and salt water
mixed with chemicals.
75 Water - produced Produced water is mainly salty water trapped in the reservoir rock and brought up along with oil or
water gas during production. It can contain very minor amounts of chemicals added downhole during
production. These waters exist under high pressures and temperatures, and usually contain oil and
metals.
76 Water treatment Includes: scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, flocculants, oxygen scavengers, pH conditioners,
chemicals antifoams, boiler water chemicals, etc.
77 Wood Uncontaminated wood waste and timber are including old/broken pallets, crates and other packaging
as well as woody vegetation.
78* Vegetation * Weed growing in side of fence of Sangachal Terminal, Above Ground Installations, on the Export
Pipeline Corridors etc. including herbaceous vegetation (annual, perennials) were removed from
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access roads to any facility, pipeline KP, monitoring points, oil spilled area etc. Includes vegetation
containing oil or chemicals marsh grasses, reeds, trees etc. during the oil spill response.
79 Wildlife * Animal deaths may result from environmental factors that include floods, storms, heat and cold, or
drought conditions. Deaths may result from biological events including chronic wasting disease,
bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot and mouth disease, anthrax, etc. Deaths may also be
attributed to chemical or toxic agents.
Animal carcasses can also be identified during the shoreline clean up after/during the Oil Spill
Response and generated from operations at wildlife rehabilitation centers