Waste Management

Class : 9th ‘D’

EUMINDS : 2022-23
 Table of Content
1. Introduction
2. What Is Waste?
3. Various Sources of Waste
4. Types of Waste
5. Solid waste and it’s types
6. Information on types Solid Waste and Management of it
7. Liquid waste management
8. Gaseous waste management and it’s requirement
9.Human Life Risk
10.Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of UN
11. Conclusion, Solution suggestions
12. Photos of Our interview with Executive engineer Solid WM
 What is WASTE
unwanted & useless residues generated from animal and
human activities is nothing but called as waste
Categorization
Based on material Plastic, Paper, Glass, Metal, Organic waste.

Radioactive, flammable, infectious, toxic, or non-

Based on hazard potential toxic wastes.

Industrial, domestic, commercial, institutional, or

Source of Generation construction & demolition activities

Landfills e.g. sanitary,Municipal construction &

Management ways demolition, ind. waste sites.
 TYPES OF WASTE

SOLID LIQUID GASEOUS

Unwanted or useless Sewage, domestic Released in the
solid materials wastewater, other liquids, form of gases from
generated from produced by industrial automobiles,
human activities in activity, such as pulp & factories or
residential, industrial paper production, food burning of fossil
or commercial areas processing, & fuels like
manufacture of petroleum
chemicals.
WASTE Segregation at Source
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
ORGANIC & INORGANIC
 One of most common waste generated in Houses of
India. Organic can be classified as DRY & WET

COLLECTION
 Encourage to segregate at Source e.g. different dustbins for Dry, Wet & Inorganic
waste. Govt. services collects these waste in oriented manner for further
processing like Incineration, Recover Recycle, Composting.
RECOVER & RECYCLE
ORGANIC INORGANIC
Compost / Manure of Dry & Wet:
If Not at all Recyclable, then Incineration
Nutritious for Plant & Soil
DRY Waste : 10% recycle, 90% If Recyclable then processed for raw
Material Recovery Facility material of Recycle product
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

2. e. WASTE
Damaged, nonfunctional electronic
equipment
COLLECTION
Specific e Collection bins in Housing societies, Industries.
Encouragement to Pvt. Companies to collect and process

RECOVER & RECYCLE

e. Waste is dismantled & sent to professional recyclers to
recycle or shred the waste
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
3. SANATARY WASTE
Sanitary waste: Sanitary Pads, used
syringes, diapers, cotton. and bandages,
which contain bodily fluids are categorized
as domestic hazardous waste.
COLLECTION
 Red Collection bins in Housing societies, Industries. Suggested to put
Red mark if rapped.
DISPOSAL
 According to the guidelines, the waste can be disposed by either
incinerating (central incinerating units for urban or low-cost incinerating
units for rural) or disposing in landfills. Both of these ways are easily
doable but need to be implemented effectively on every level
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
4. BIO MEDICAL WASTE
Produced in Hospitals: Used needles, Gloves, syringes ,cotton, bandages,
Medicine Containers,Tissues,dead organs
COLLECTION
Hospital is responsible to segregate,
collects in three category as
 Red : Contaminated waste e.g.medicinal
bottles, Urine bags, used Gloves etc.
 Yellow : Human tissues, dead organs,
anatomical waste etc
 Blue: Contaminated glassware
 White : Sharp blades, needles etc.

TREATEMENT : Essentially incinerated or Shredded

 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
5. PLASTIC WASTE
Waste generated by plastic products like plastic
bottles, bags & microbeads
COLLECTION
Citizen are encouraged either reduce or not to use burn plastic. Put in dust bin
give to Pvt. Or Govt. Collection agents

RECOVER , RECYCLE
Recover :
Pyrolysis, sometimes called “plastics to fuel”:.
Thermal treatment, sometimes called "waste to energy”
Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) i.e. "engineered fuel
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
5. PLASTIC WASTE : RECYCLE

Govt. & Pvt. Organizations work together or individually to collect ,recycle

plastic garbage to manufacture recycled products for public, commercial
Industrial usage. e.g. Water Taps, Chairs, PET bottles, Pipes
Actual image of table made
from Recycled plastic which
we saw at office of EE Solid
waste management Pune
Municipal corporation
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
6. Construction & Demolition waste
waste is generated due to debris of construction, renovation, repair, and
demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers, & dams.
Mostly consists wood, steel, concrete,gypsum, masonry, plaster,metal,asphalt
Type of Waste Classification Examples
Land clearing debris Bulky waste Tree stumps, treetops

Demolition waste (from Concrete, wood, brick, plaster, roofing material

Bulky waste
buildings) wallboard, metals, carpeting, insulation
Pallets, wood scraps, wallboard, siding and
Construction waste (from Municipal solid waste roofing scraps, packaging, carpeting. Foam
buildings)
padding, insulation
Asphalt, concrete, steel, related construction
Highway construction Bulky waste, municipal
and demolition wastes, utility poles, railroad
and demolition waste solid waste
ties, brick, block, rock
Oversized MSW Municipal Solid Waste Furniture, furnishings, carpeting, rugs
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

COLLECTION
Builder, Construction or Govt. agencies collect themselves and are
responsible for collection for further action

RECOVER & RECYCLE

All C&D material is first sorted, filtered, segregated then crushed or melted.
This recycled aggregate then can be used to make concrete for road
construction and building material. e.g. crush sand obtained as byproduct of
C&D waste used for Road divider blocks & road embankment
 Additional info.
Govt. emphasis on “Waste to Energy” for maintaining sustainability.
Various rules & protocols are been followed such as
HWM 2016 (Hazardous waste management) Leading to management &
Treatment of Hazardous waste
LPCB i.e. Local Pollution control Boards .e.g. MPCB i.e. Maharashtra
Pollution control board takes action, fine elements polluting environments
e.g. Pune Municipal corporation collected INR 25’0 mio as Fine from people
burning banned plastic,plastic, Tyres, thermocol publically
NGT : National green tribunal : Governed by Supreme court works with aim
as “Right to Health Environment”

Increase awareness to reduce public negligence and encourage segregation

at source
 LIQUID WASTE

LIQUID WASTE – THE TYPE OF WASTE WHICH IS IN LIQUID IN STATE

IS CALLED LIQUID Waste.
EXAMPLE – DOMESTIC WATER (USED IN OUR HOMES ,
INDUSTRIES .ETC.), INDUSTRY DRAINAGE (CHEMICALS ,
BIPRODUCTS.ETC).ETC.
 WHY IS LIQUID WASTE
MANAGEMENT REQUIRED ?
LIQUID PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OUR DAILY
LIVES , ESPECIALLY WATER SO IT IS IMPORTANT
TO CLEAN IT .

AND WE ALSO KNOW THAT UNCLEAN WATER

CAN HARM US IN MANY WAYS LEADING TO
DISEASES . SO IT IS IMPORTANT
TO CLEAN IT .
 HOW IS LIQUID
WASTE
MANAGED ?
*THE COMPANIES WHICH DISCHARGE THE CHEMICALS IN THE
RIVERS HAVE TO TREAT IT AND TAKE IT TILL CERTAIN pH LEVEL
BEFORE PUTTING IT INTO RIVER.
THIS IS DONE SO THAT THE HARSH CHEMICAL DON’T AFFECT THE
MARINE FLAURA AND FAUNA AND ALSO NOT AFFECT THE WATER ,OIL
AND PETROLEUM SPILLS ARE ALSO NOT ALLOWED TO DISCHARGE IN
WATER .
 THE DOMESTIC WATER IS TREATED IN STP (SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT) AND LATER USED IN PLANTS .
THIS WATER IS FIT TO BE USED IN PLANTS WHEN
TESTED IN LABORATORY .

A STP PUMP

A STP IN LOCAL AREA

WATER CONSERVATION AND OTHER
TREATMENTS –
IN PUNE , MAHARASHTRA , INDIA , THERE ARE 2
MAIN RIVERS – MULA AND MUTHA . THESE 2
RIVERS PROVIDE WATER , THESE RIVER GET
DEPOSITION OF WILD PLANTS AND DEBRISS
THAT GROW ON RIVER BEDS , THE PUNE
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (PMC) GETS THEM
CLEARED EVERY YEAR WITH HELP OF BOATS
AND HUMAN WORKERS. THIS IS IMPORTANT AS THESE
PLANTS GO DENSER WITH ROOTS AND AFFECT THE
MARINE FLAURA AND FAUNA . THEY DEGREED THE
WATER QUALITY AND CAUSE WATER POLLUTION .

RIVER DEBRISS AND WILD PLANTS

*IF A SOCIETY PRODUCES MORE THAN 100 Kg OF WASTE
THEY HAVE TO SETUP THEIR OWN WASTE MANAGEMENT
EQUIPMENTS AND TREAT LIQUID WASTE AND USE IT IN
PLANTS AND MANURES.
*IF A HOUSE OR SOCIETY DOES RAIN WATER
HARVESTMENT THEY GET A DISCOUNT OF 10 % ON THE
TAXES . THIS IS FOR ENCOURAGEMENT OF RAIN WATER
HARVESTING SO THAT GROUND WATER LEVEL INCREASES
 GASEOUS WASTE
GASEOUS WASTE:THIS TYPE OF WASTES MAY BE GENERATED DURING
NUCLEAER REACTOR OPERATION OR REPROCESSING OF SPENT
NATURAL FUEL.
• EMITS MAINLY CONSIST OF NITROGEN,
CARBONDIOXIDE,CARBONMONOOXIDE ,GREEN HOUSE GASES
AND OTHER TARCES OF MATERIAL
 WHY IS GAESEOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT REQUIRED
GASEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IS MAINLY
DONE TO PREVEN A RELESE OF RADIOACTIVE
GASES FROM THE ELEMENT INTO THE
ATMSOSPHERE.

THIS IS ONE OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT AND EMITTED CHEMICALS CAN CAUSE
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND LUNG DISEASES
 HOW IS GASEOUS WASTE
MANAGED?
● DUE TO INCREASE OF FACTORIES,
INDUSTRIALAREAS AND THE NUMBER
OF VEHICLES A LARGE AMOUNT OF
GASEOUS WASTES ARE COMING TO
THE ATMOSPHERE.
● SMOKELESS FUELS CAN BE USED BY
INDUSTRIES.
● EMISSIONS OF VEHICLES CAN BE
CONTROLLED BY USE OF UNLEADED
PETROL
● TO CONTROL SULPHUR DIOXIDE
CONCENTRATION IN AIR, LOW SULPHUR
FUELS CAN BE USED. INSTEAD OF DIESEL,
LESS POLLUTING FUELS LIKE CNG
(COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS) SHOULD BE
USED MORE.
● PRODUCTION OF SMOKE CAN BE
CONTROLLED BY USING SMOKELESS
CHULLAS, SOLAR COOKERS, AND
BIOGAS.LARGE SCALE PLANTATION OR
AFFORESTATION CAN BE UNDERTAKEN FOR
REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE AND
INCREASING OXYGEN IN THE AIR.
LAWS IMPOSED BY GOVERNMENT
REGARDING BURNING OF WASTE
OPEN BURNING OF WASTE CAN CAUSE RISK FOR THOSE WHO ARE
WITH DIRECT CONTACT WITH IT, IT AFFECT ADVERSELY TO PEOPLE
WITH SENSITIVE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS, CHILDREN AND ELDERLY,
EXPOSURE TO SMOKE CAN CAUSE HEADACHES, NAUSEA, AND
RASHES. OVER TIME, IT CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING
HEART DISEASE.

HENCE, THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL HAS BANNED

"UNREGULATED OPEN BURNING" OF PLASTIC, RUBBER OR SUCH
OTHER ARTICLES ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

AND ANNOUNCED A FINE OF RS. 25,000 ON EACH INCIDENT OF

BULK WASTE BURNING OR IMPRISONMENT OF 15 DAYS.
 RISK TO HUMAN LIFE
 When Humans handle the waste , it becomes crucial for them to follow the
management guidelines precariously.
 If not followed properly it may affect the person’s health severely, leading to life
threatening diseases and complications.
The following are the points exercised in India to reduce intervention of humans in
managing waste :
1. The Supreme Court of India and the NGT (national green tribunal) says that no
human intervention should happen
2. Following it , the local waste management bodies have adapted mechanised
methods to segregate, treat, and take action regarding management of waste
3. Sewage jetting machines are now widely adopted to clean huge pipes , manholes
etc
4. To remove water debris and ‘Jalparni’ or the common water hyacinth various
machines along with speed boat are used thereby reducing human intervention.
5. But despite of this for cleaning of small spots , machines are not feasible so some
human intervention is required but by following the proper procedure/orders
6. Many housing societies are now purchasing machines to create their own
compost and use it for their trees and thus saving human actions and time .
Jalparni or Common water hyacinth Sewage Jetting machine (it is used to
suck in all the waste)

Organic compost creator

United Nations sustainable development goals (UNSDG)

These goals are

being aimed by
local bodied for
waste management
 WHY We should RECYCLE
THE WASTE
Minimizes reliance on landfills and incinerators.
• Recycling protects our health and environment when harmful
substances are removed from the waste stream.
• Recycling conserves our natural resources because it reduces
the need for raw materials
• It has a huge part in maintaining sustainability
CONCLUSION
As long as there is human activity, waste will be a part of us.
But the good thing is that by exercising a sense of responsibility
and following sensible regulations, we can definitely live a better
and cleaner life even with waste around.
Our Interview with Executive engineer Solid waste Management PMC
(Pune municipal Corporation)

From L to R : Shrikant , Arshleen , Mr.Sudhir Chavhan Sir(Executive

Engineer Solid WM), Mr. Rajendra Tidke Sir(Deputy Engineer), Rakshit ,
Aditya , Darshan