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7.16 Incinerator and Sludge/Waste Oil Disposal System

Fuel oil and lube oil used for most of major machineries onboard are pre-treated to
make it suitable and conditioned according to the machinery maker requirements.
The treatment generates waste oil and sludge and being stored in waste oil tanks,
bilge separated oil tank and sludge tanks prior being disposed through incinerator or
being discharge to shore.

They are considered waste materials and pollutants if not properly handled and
disposed off in accordance to MARPOL 73/78, Annex 1 Regulation requirements.

Waste oil is a mixture of different types of oil (fuel oil and lube oil) with a slight
amount of water which is not suitable to be used for machineries. It is being
generated after treatment of drains collected from different oil tanks in the engine
room.

Sludge is a semi-solid materials or waste left after the pre-treatment process of

waste water, fuel oil and lube oil onboard.

Both, waste oil and sludge are being burned to incinerator or discharge to shore.

7.16.1 Incinerator

Incinerator is device used to burn solid and liquid trash and convert into ashes and
flue gases. Incineration is a process used to reduce solid and liquid trash generation
and helping to reduce pollutants in the sea.

Incinerator has good benefits for the personnel onboard as the disposal of oily waste
generated in the machinery spaces and combustible segregated trash as required by
MARPOL 73/78, Annex V can be burned in the incinerator, thereby reducing
accumulation and making the disposal procedure easy.

Fig.7.16.1-1 Summary of "At Sea Garbage Disposal Regulations"

Outside Special
Garbage Type *2
In Special Areas
Areas
Category 1: Plastics-includes synthetic ropes, Disposal
Disposal prohibited
fishing nets, and plastic garbage bags prohibited
Category 2: Floating dunnage, lining, and >25 miles
Disposal prohibited
packing materials offshore*3
Category 3: Ground paper products, rags,
>3 miles Disposal prohibited
glass, metal, bottles, crockery, etc.
Category 4: Paper products, rags, glass,
>12 miles Disposal prohibited
metal, bottles, crockery, etc.
Category 5: Food waste not comminuted or
>12 miles >12 miles
ground
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Category 5: *1 Food waste comminuted or

>3 miles >12 miles
ground
Category 6: Incinerator ash >3 miles Disposal prohibited
Mixed refuse types *4 *4

Notes:
*1
Comminuted or ground garbage must be able to pass through a screen with
mesh size no larger than 25mm.
*2
Garbage disposal regulations for special areas shall take effect in accordance
with regulation 5(4)(b) of Annex V.
*3
For Japanese flag ships, this should read as “>50 miles offshore, in the state of
ash”.
*4
When garbage is mixed with other harmful substances having different disposal
or discharge requirements, the more stringent disposal requirements shall apply.

Fig.7.16.1-2 Garbage Type Identification

Garbage
Garbage that can be
Garbage Type Receptacles Color
burned in the incinerator
Identification
Dispose as per regulation.
Plastics Yellow
Not Allowed.
Dispose as per regulation.
Food Green
Not Allowed.
Paper, rags, etc. can be
Combustible Red
burned in the incinerator
Dispose as per regulation.
Bottles and Cans Blue
Not Allowed.
Dispose as per regulation.
Others White
Not Allowed.
Sludge and Oily Waste Burn to Incinerator Not Applicable.

A sludge/waste oil disposal system is incorporated into the incinerator system that
provides fuel for combustion. Sludge/waste oil collected from the machinery spaces
is transferred and stored in the waste oil tank, agitated and water is drained or
evaporated before it is being fed into the incinerator burner.

7.16.2 Structure and Operating Principle

The incinerator discussed here is made by Hyundai-Atlas Incinerator Fig.7.16.2-1

Waste Oil Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 W/S) and is designed to incinerate solid
waste and all types of combustible non-explosive oil sludge with a flash point of
o
minimum 60 C, without being a nuisance to the surroundings and made as a
compact plant of multi-chamber design.

Main components
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a. Primary blower is used for cooling and combustion air (Fig.7.16.2-2 Primary
Blower (HTF-#3 ½ HMMCO)).
b. Sludge burner is used to burn sludge/waste oil from the waste oil tank and is
made of pressure jet burner design with atomizing air.
c. Primary burner for primary combustion using diesel oil when incinerating solid
wastes.
d. Waste oil dosing pump for supply of waste oil to the burner.
e. Control Panel is provided for housing of electric control equipment for automatic
control.
f. Thermocouples for detecting high temperatures and alarm in primary combustion
chamber, and for detecting high flue gas temperature and alarm.

Fig.7.16.2-1 Waste Oil Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 W/S)

SIDE VIEW

TO
CHIMNEY
ATOMIZING PRIMARY
AIR BLOWER
FEEDING
DOOR

CLEANING
DOOR

ASH
DOOR
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FRONT VIEW

WASTE OIL THERMOCOUPLE

BURNER
CONTROL PANEL
PRIMARY
BURNER

WASTE OIL
SIGHT
DOSING PUMP
GLASS

Fig.7.16.2-2 Primary Blower (HTF-#3 ½ HMMCO)

WIRE NET

INLET CONE

MOTOR

CASING
AIR
FLOW

Fig.7.16.2-3 Working Principle (HYUNDAI-ATLAS INCINERATOR)

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COMPRESSED AIR
FLUE GAS OUTLET
SLUDGE DOSING
PUMP INDUCED
DRAUGHT
DAMPER
SELF-CLEANING PRIMARY AIR
STRAINER BLOWER

OIL BURNER
W/ BUILT IN
PUMP

SLUDGE BURNER

COMBUSTION
CHAMBER AFTER BURNING
CHARGING CHAMBER
DOOR
ASH CLEANING
SECONDARY AFTER
DOOR
BURNING CHAMBER

COMBUSTION DOUBLE AIR

SLUDGE OIL AIR INLET COOLING WALL
INLET
D.O. IN
VENT OUT

AIR VENT

STEAM OUT DIESEL OIL

TANK
HEATING ELEMENT MILL PUMP OIL SLUDGE
STEAM IN SERVICE TANK

The incinerator is designed with a primary combustion chamber for burning sludge
o
oil and/or solid waste at a constant and high combustion temperature (850~950 C)
and a secondary combustion chamber for burning unburned gases from the primary
combustion chamber. There are two burners attached, the oil burner which is used
for heating of the primary combustion chamber during solid waste incineration and
as igniter to sludge burner during automatic operation. The oil that is fed to the
primary burner is diesel oil. The sludge burner is using sludge/waste oil for
combustion. Primary air blower provides air for combustion and for wall cooling
purposes.

The control of the burning equipment is fully automatic with various safety devices
installed and does not required constant monitoring.

7.16.3 Procedures for Operation

The incinerator is designed to operate into two modes:

a. Solid Waste burning

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In the solid waste burning, diesel oil is used to heat up the incinerator primary
o
combustion chamber to around 850~950 C and solid wastes that are fed into the
chamber burns rapidly and completely due to the effect of high combustion
temperature.

Fig.7.16.3-1 Process Diagram for Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 WS - VHS-1728-6)

1 2 3

Burning Cooling
Switch on SOLID WASTE ： Elapsed time
0 T

Close the door and start

Process timer

Primary blower (VH)

Pre-purging time 30sec(5 × air changes)

4
Primary burner blower (ST-1)

Activation of the sluice will unlock

the inside door and feed the waste

Primary burner operating (ST-1)

5
Operating temperature (850 ～ 950℃)
for ST-1 (1562 ～ 1742˚ F)

b. Solid and Sludge Waste Burning

Another mode of the incinerator operation wherein, sludge/waste oil is fed to the
secondary burner after it has been processed in the waste oil tank by the used of
the milling pump. Sludge accumulated into the waste oil tank is grinded or
agitated by the milling pump at a suitable size of particles allowed to be passed to
the sludge/waste oil burner. The sludge/waste oil burner operates with the
support of the primary burner at start up or for continuous operation. Aside from
the sludge/waste oil, the solid waste is also fed in the primary combustion
chamber, combustion takes place when the temperature reaches the set point
and the combustion heating at this operation mode is mainly produced by the
sludge/waste oil burner at fully automatic control.

Fig.7.16.3-2 Process Diagram for Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 WS - VHS-1728-7)

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1 2 3

Burning Cooling
Switch on SLUDGE ： Elapsed time
0 T

Close the door and start

Process time

Primary blower (VH)

4
Pre-purging time 30sec(5 × air changes)
5
Primary burner blower (ST-1)

Sludge burner atomizing air (B)

Activation of the sluice will unlock

the inside door and feed the waste

Primary burner operating (ST-1)

Sludge burner operating (B)

6
Operating temperature (850 ～ 950℃)
for ST-1(man) (1562 ～ 1742˚ F)

Operating time for ST-1(abut) (25sec)

Operating temperature (850 ～ 950℃)

for B (1562 ～ 1742˚ F)

i. Preparation

a. Fill up waste oil/sludge to waste oil tank from F.O./L.O. Sludge tank or Bilge
Separated Oil tank (BSOT) using the sludge transfer pump.
b. Heat up the waste oil tank with the steam supply provided and operate the mill
pump to circulate and agitate the sludge from the tank.
c. Drain out water from the waste oil tank, maintain heating temperature with the
mill pump in operation and fill up if necessary.
d. Check D.O. Serv. tank for incinerator and fill up if necessary.
e. Open all the valves (inlet and outlet) for diesel oil, waste oil, air and atomizing
steam for sludge burner if being used.
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f. Make sure that the solid wastes are properly segregated and only combustible
materials as required under MARPOL 73/78 Annex V will be supplied to the
incinerator.
g. Check the incinerator safety devices such as door closing switch, high temp.
sensor, etc. and make sure that all are functioning accordingly.
h. Clean out all strainers in the diesel oil and sludge/waste oil line, make sure that
air is properly vented from the line, all the covers are fully tightened and no
leakages are observed.
i. Check the incinerator control panel, activate the main switch, if alarm is indicated,
check the cause and correct it.
j. Carry out lamp testing of all the indicators in the control panel and make sure that
all are working.

ii. Start up for Solid Waste Burning

a. When all checks for preparation has been conducted, switch on “Solid Waste”
button and make sure that “Sludge” switch to off position.

To start the incinerator, activate “Start” switch at the control panel. The incinerator
will now start automatically by activating the primary burner in the primary
combustion chamber and will continue firing until the combustion temperature
o
reaches 850~950 C. See Fig.7.16.3-1 Process Diagram for Incinerator (MAXI
150SL-1 WS - VHS-1728-6).
b. Add solid waste to the primary chamber using the sluice by activating the push
button switch at the control panel.

Precautions:

1. When alarm has activated, make sure to check the cause, rectify and reset the
alarm switch.
2. Before adding a new charge of solid waste, check weather the incinerator is
ready to receive more waste by looking through the sight glass of the sluice and
by activating the sluice.

iii. Start up for Sludge and Solid Waste

a. When burning sludge and solid waste, switch on “Sludge” switch at the control
panel.

To start the incinerator, activate “Start” switch at the control panel. The incinerator
will now start automatically by activating the primary burner in the primary
combustion chamber and after preheating period of 13 minutes, the sludge
o
burner will starts automatically and operates within the set points (850~950 C).
See Fig.7.16.3-2 Process Diagram for Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 WS - VHS-
1728-7).
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Notes:

i.) When the “delay primary burner” is switched to automatic “AUT”, the primary
burner operates for 25 seconds to ignite the sludge burner automatically.
ii.) When the “delay primary burner” is switched to manual “MAN”, the primary
burner operates all the time together with the sludge burner.
iii.) Make sure to select proper position of the switch when operating the incinerator
control panel.

iv. Stopping

a. Activate the switch “Incinerator Stop”, burners will deactivate and primary blower
will continue to run.
o
b. When the temperature in the incinerator drops to below 100 C, the incinerator will
stops automatically.
c. When the incinerator has been automatically stopped, switch of the main power
switch.

Precautions:

i.) When activating the “Incinerator Stop” switch, wait for the incinerator to come into
o
completely stop condition when the temperature reached to 100 C. Never switch
off the main power switch after activating the “Incinerator Stop” switch to prevent
trouble from melting of the primary and sludge burner and breakdown of the
chamber refractory.
ii.) Always ensure by checking and function testing of safety devices that automatic
controls of the incinerator are properly working prior operation.
iii.) For safety function, any alarm condition as stated in Fig.7.16.3-3 Process
Diagram for Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 WS - VHS-1728-8) the incinerator
burning process will be automatically stopped and the cooling process will takes
place as set on the timer.

Fig.7.16.3-3 Process Diagram for Incinerator (MAXI 150SL-1 WS - VHS-1728-8)

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1 2 3

Burning Cooling
Safety function enabled changes Elapsed time
to cooling and alarm 0 T

High temperature incinerator

(1050℃/1922˚F)

Low pressure combustion air (1.8KPa)

Low negative pressure primary

combustion chamber

Low pressure atomizing air (98KPa)

High temperature exhaust gas

Flame failure

Motor overload

Sluice inside door not closed

v. Guidance for Adding Solid Waste to Primary Combustion Chamber

a. Do not put glass bottles, and other materials that may not be burned into the
primary combustion chamber.
b. Do not fill wet solid waste into the primary combustion chamber more than one
hour before operating the incinerator.
c. When burning oil-containing materials, such as filter cartridges, oily cotton waste,
and scrappings from the centrifuges, do not put more than 10 liters per charge
into the primary combustion chamber.
d. When combusting materials with high calorific value with explosion-like
combustion, maximum 8 kg per charge is allowed to be fed into the incinerator.
e. Do not overload incinerator with waste.
f. When the incinerator is cold, remove ashes and slags from primary combustion
chamber. The ashes and slags must be carefully removed and never knock or
hammer on the sides of the primary combustion chamber. The switch must be
turned on to open the door.
g. Do not put explosives, closed containers or aerosols into the combustion
chamber.
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Fig.7.16.3-4 Waste Oil Incinerator Piping Diagram
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