P Informing: Giving

Information

ACTIVITY 2
Answer the following questions in complete sentences:
A. How much snow fell in Boston during the winter of 1992-93?

ww
B. How does that compare with the fifty-year average snowfall in
Boston?

C. What general statement can you make about Boston winters?

50 year average: 40.2 inches

D. If you were writing a paragraph about Boston's severe winters, what

GLOBE STAFF CHART facts from the graph could you use to support your topiC?

VACTIVITY 3
The graph below shows the total number of students who attended
Springfield Academy between the years 1985 and 1995.

50

50

00

00

Year

A. What general statement can you make about the number of stu-
dents attending Springfield Academy between 1985 and 1995?

B. In what year did the total enrollment double?

C. When did the enrollment remain approximately the same?

D. When was the greatest increase in enrollment?

ACTIVITY 4
This graph is also about the enrollment at Springfield Academy, but it
divldes the total number of students into American and forelgn students.

32 CHAPTER S
 00
Total atudents
350
Forelgrn shudents
300 Anerican students
250
200
150
100

85 0 91 92 93
Year

iswer these questions in complete sentences:

In what year wasthe number of foreign students equal to the num-
ber of American students?

I n 1988, howmany foreign students attended Springfield Academy?

I n 1994, how many American students attended Springfield

Academy?

In what years did the number of American students remain the

same?

I n what years did the number of foreign students remain the same?

FWhen did the number of foreign students increase the most?

In what year were there twice as many foreign students as Amerl-

can students?

AcTvITY 5
Study the pie chart on page 34. What does it show?

CHAPTER5 33
 Percentage Distributon of Foreign Students by Major Flelde

Educallon Agriclu

menswve Englisn Lengun Buniness & Menagem ent

1%
Heahh Bdences
20.1%
Fine &Appled Ans

Undedye

ngineerng
Social Sdences

Othe
Pmyscal&LteSaences
emaics &
Comouter Scdences

Answer the following questions in complete sentences:

A.What generalizationcan you make about foreign students studying
in the United States?

B. What is the most popular field?

C. What percentage of all foreign students in the United States is

studying engineering?
D. What is the second most popular field?

E. What percentage is studying business and management?

F. This means that almost percent of all foreign students are

studying either engineering or business and management.

G. This is followed by percent studying social sciences and

percent studying physical and life sciences.

H. What are some other fields that foreign students study?

Writing: Paragraphs Using Statistical Information

ACTIVITY 1

Ready You are in the process of setting up an English language program for
to Wrlte foreign students. You have to wrlte a report describing the program.
Based on the information in the chart, you feel that the program
should include a lot of instruction in technical English. Write the para-
graph of the report that describes the percent distribution of foreign
students by major fields. You may want to use rank order to organlze
your ideas.

34 CHAPTER 5
 Revising
B. Read
your
opinion? Are all paragraph again. Do all
greph, your reasons
rewrlte it. Can clear? your sentences
-A U.S. you include theAfter you have revisedsupport you
Department
drivers causes of following your
information? para

ACTIVITY 2
Transportation
25,000 deaths per year. study found that
Read this
drinking b
news article and
study the
police report.
mnnnmY
Computer
Crime Hits Police Report

Au
Our City (a) Norman Glasg-Computer operator
day
the
NATIONAL
and
Trust CITY BANK - has worked for bank slx months

largest bankCompany
d in assets in the
is the 0arns low salary
the city.
are the millions Its has wife and four children
dollars. Inin1960 the
of -
lives n large house and drives expensive new car
computerized its opera-
Die.tions. The bank
opic
bank before working at bank he served fve
(won a Medal of Honor)
years in Army

old itself
Eve had not
very lucky considered
because it (b) Richard Allen-Vioe President of bank
been troubledlast
gtoComputer
ping week. On
crime-until by has been with bank 36 years
nd
accountantsWednesday, the good history with bank
Wn a
total of discovered that recently lost a lot of money in stock market
side
ere
missing from $400,000
ent accounts.
was
several differ
takes expensive veacations
earns very high salary
It is not
known where yet
but were the funds (c) Jim Tomlin-Computer oonsultant
transferred.
ail's vestigation has Police in has worked for bank
tion possible led to
three two yeare8
le active in church and
ard bommunity
-

suspects. These
three topeople had easy ac- graduated top of his alass at Harvard
facess
your the
computer sys supports widowed mother who is slck and livea
ese tem that
funds out transferred the
expensive nursing home
of the bank. -
has a gambling problem

Before Writing
A. In small
three
suspects. groups
Writing
or with
Together, decidea who
partner discuss the
B. Write you think situation
sons to
a
paragraph stating your committed the and the
crime.
support your oplnlon. Be sure to give
ACTIVITY 3 opinton.
If you
speclflc rea-
were the
respond advice
followingconsultant
to the
42 CHAPTER 6 for
letters? your
newspaper, how would
you
 Discuss these plctures with your classmates. Make a list of the similari-
ties and another list of the differences.

Similaritles Differences

The Language Of Comparison

ACTIVITY 1
Study the following patterns of comparison:

A. Affirmative sentences
(1) With BE (2) With OTHER VERBS
John is a student. George Is a student. Japan exports cars. Germany exports cars.
a. John is a student and George is too. a. Japan exports cars and Germany does too.
b. John is a student and so is George. b. Japan exports cars and so does Germany.
B. Negative Sentences
(1) With BE
The blue dress isn't expensive. The green dress isn't expensive.
a. The blue dress isn't expensive, and the green dress isn
either.
b. The blue dress isn't expensive, and neither is the green dress.
(2) With OTHER VERBS
Owls don't sleep at night. Mice don't sleep at night.
a. Owls don't sleep at night, and mlce don't either.
b. Owls don't sleep at night, and neither do mice.

Practice using these structures. Follow the example.

EXAMPLE: Alan runs four mlles a day. Peter runs four miles a day.
lan suns fous miles a day and Peter does tos.
b. Alan una foun mils a day and so does Petes.
1. Mark plays the plano. Dave plays the plano.
a.

b.

2. The bank opens at 9 A.M. The grocery store opens at 9 A.M.

a.

D.

70 CHAPTER 11
a a n a as
suiuuy aan nauuu. a2urain as ouuny aan
nauuiu

eter doesn't smoke. Alex doesn't smoke.

ikiing is an exciting sport. Surfing is an exciting sport.

The Browns don't have a car. The Johnsons don't have a car.

hiladelphia is an old city. Boston is an old city.

uzanne lives in a small apartment. Karen lives in a small apartment.

Charlie isn't friendly. Liz isn't friendly.

Children need love. Adults need love.

IVITY 2
study these patterns of comparison
The same 2. as as

Carla speaks the same language as José.
This book is the same price as that one.
My house is the same color as yours.
tice using these patterns. Follow the example.
Sam is as tall as his father.
Pam is as serious as Anne.
Women's clothes are as expensive as men's clothes.
Dick drives as carefully as Mary.
Charlotte dresses as well as Stephanie.

MPLE: Danny weighs 185 Ibs. Arthur weighs 185 Ibs.

ght) Danny is he sameweighl as Arthun.

vy) Danny is as heauy as Athn.
CHAPTER 11 71
 e following paragraph.

Thedeporter and The Monitor are very similar weekly magazines that report
Thepotical, financial, and cultural events of the world. Both of these popular
n cost S1.25, and both are read by milions of people around the world.
he hhue the same cover story almost every week, and they uSually
review the
enPoks and movies in their literature and cinema sections. Another similar-
p e n the two magazines is their point of view. The Reporter is very con
S a n d so is The Monitor. Finally, both magazines are translated into many
e s's
derline all the expressions of comparison.
Make a list of the similarities between the two magazines.

Comparative Sentences
TY 1

These sentences are based on the paragraph above. Rewrite each sen-
nce Using the words in parentheses. You may need to refer back to the

PLE: The Monitor and The Reporter are both weekly magazines.
7he bhonioris awekly megayins,andsa i The Rrport
Bo th The Monitor and The Reporter are weekly magazines.
Qnd so)

TheMonitor and The Reporter report

t r a l events of the world.
on political, financlal, and cul-

nd...too)
h magazines cost $1.25.
he same...as)
Th Reporter is very conservative and so is The Monitor.
oth)
eoh magazines are translated into many languages.
.as)

ITY 2
ive sentences comparing Julie Aronson and Emily Bur. Base
mparisons on the informatlon provided on thelr drlver's licenses.

CHAPTER 11 73
Nriting a Paragraph of Comparison
ACTIVITY 1
Look at this biographical information about two important Amerl- k Ready
:ans, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson.
to Write
GENJAMIN FRANKUIN THOMAS JEFFERSON
706-1790 1743-1826
Founded University of Author of Declaration of
Pennsylvania Independence
Famous inventor 3rd President of United States
Helped write the Declaration Foreign Minister to France
of Independence
Founded University of
Important man in Amerlcan Virginia
Revolution
Well-known philosopher and
Philosopher, architect,
inventor
thinker Important man in Amerlcan
Ambassador to France Revolution

efore Writng
3. Make a list of the similarities between the two men.

Writing
Now, write a paragraph comparing these two famous men. Use your
ist of similarities as a guide.

CTIVITY 2
. Choose one of the following topics to write a comparison about.

two movies you have seen

two restaurants you have been to
two teachers you have had
two sports you enjoy
two people you know

lefore Writing
. Before you begin to write the first draft of your paragraph, make a
ist of similarities bet ween the two thingS you are comparing.

Nriting
U s e the list as your guide to write a paragraph of comparison.

CHAPTER 11 75
 The Language Of Contrast
Ann and Beth are identical twins. ôf course, they are alike In man
ways. They are the same age, the same height, and the same weight
They also have the same color eyes and hair. However, they are also dif
ferent in many ways. Study the following patterns:
1. Ann is funnier than Beth. 2. Beth is more serlous than Ann.
Ann is busier than Beth. Beth is more athletic than Ann
Ann is cuter than Beth. Beth is more creative than Anr
Ann is nicer than Beth. Beth is more interesting
Ann is smarter than Beth. than Ann.
Beth Is more sophisticated
than Ann.
We use -er and more when we are contrasting two things.
What kind of words use -er?
What kind of words use more?
Now study these patterns. We use -est and most to contrast three c
more things.
1. Janle is the nicest person in the clas.
Jim is the tallest man in the class.
Cathy is the busiest person in the class.
2. This is the most important chapter in the book.
This is the most valuable diamond in the store.
This is the most expensive car in the parking lot.
What kind of words use -est?
What kind of words use most?
Notice these common exceptions:
g00d better the best
well better the best
bad worse the worst
badly worse the worst
ACTIVITY 1
Practice using these patterns. Follow the example.
EXAMPLE: Gary weighs 178 bs. Gerald weighs 165 Ibs.
Gury is heavies than Gorald.
1. The Nile is 4,145 miles long. The Amazon is 3,915 miles
long.
76 CHAPTER 11
 At. Everest is 29,025 feet high. Mt. 12,389
Fuji is feet high.

The Pacific Ocean is 36,198 feet deep. The Atlantic Ocean is

28,374
deep.

he third chapter is very difficult. The fourth chapter Isn't as

dult

ohn is a very careful driver. Paul isn't a very careful driver.

ACT vITY 2
btethese expressions of contrast:
however, more than
on the other hand, -er than
less than on the contrary
,but the. -est
different the most
different from
LJnka sentence of contrast for each of the following pairs of words.
MPLE: feather/ rock,
ather weigks less than a sock.

Alaska / Florida

gold/ silver

airplane / train

houses / apartments

Cassical music / rock 'n roll

Yolkswagen / Rolls Royce

ke cream / rice
Write five sentences of contrast about the two apartments.

kCTIVITY 3
Sudy the following chart. It gives information about three computer
Campanies.

Number of
Employees Number of Number
Gross Net Year when Employees of
Income Income Founded Started Now Offices
CITY
INFORMATION
SERVICES $2,500,000 $150,000 1982 5 22
NATIONAL
COMPUTER
CORPORATION $6.000.0000 $900,000 1984 20 50 3
INTERNATIONAL
DATA BASE
SYSTEMAs $5,000,000 $1,000,000 1987 2 45 5

rite five sentences of contrast about the three companies.

CHAPTER 11 79