REQUIREMENT OF FOOD STUFF

For man

The teacher of discipline- Aksakov A.F.

Name: Code: Date:

PLAN OF THE ABSTRACT :- Dietary Requirements :- Protein :- Food sources & Common Protein Deficiency Symptoms :- Vitamins :-food sources & daily requirement :- Fats :-Deficiency, daily requirement & food sources :-Carbohydrates :-Food source

Dietary Requirements
Balanced diet with adequate amounts of all nutrients is required to remain healthy. This includes adequate amounts of: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins and minerals. Each of these nutrients has a definite role to play in maintaining health. Foods have to be processed in the right way to avoid loss of these nutrients from food. For this it is essential to know and practise the right ways of cleaning and cooking food. The dietary requirement depends on factors like the age, kind of work the person does, man or woman, whether pregnant/lactating.

y Protein
. Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked The essential amino acids, which must be obtained from food sources, are leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, threonine,tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine a nd histidine. together by peptide bonds. In nutrition, proteins are broken down in the stomach during digestion by enzymes known asproteases into smaller polypeptides to provide amino acids for the body, including the essential amino acids that the organism cannot be biosynthesized by the body itself. Thus, protein from one's diet should provide both essential and non-essential amino acids for protein synthesis.

o Food sources
Milk, meat, eggs, deitary products

o Common Protein Deficiency Symptoms

y y y

Edema Weight loss Thinning or brittle hair, hair loss

y y y

Ridges or deep lines in finger and toe nails Skin becomes very light, burns easily in the sun Reduced pigmentation in the hair on scalp and body

y y y y y y

Skin rashes, dryness, flakiness General weakness and lethargy Muscle soreness and weakness, cramps Slowness in healing wounds, cuts, scrapes, and bruises Mental retardation, headache.difficulty sleeping Nausea, fainting and pain

y Vitamins
A vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrienVitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Some have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism (e.g., vitamin D), or regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation (e.g., some forms of vitamin A). Others function as antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E and sometimes vitamin C). An important role of vitamins is maintainance of immunobiological reaction of organisms. y o o Vitami n generic descrip tor name Depending on ability for solibility, it is divided into two groups Water soluble Fat soluble or liposoluble Recomme nded Solubil dietary allowances ity (male, age 1970)[18]

Vitamer chemical name(s) (list not complete)

Deficiency disease

Upper Intake Level (UL/day )[18]

Overdose disease

Retinol, retinal, and Vitami four carotenoids nA including beta carotene

Fat

900 g

Nightblindness,Hyperke Hypervitamin ratosis, 3,000 g osis A [ andKeratomalacia

19]

Vitami Thiamine n B1

Water

1.2 mg

Beriberi, Wernick e-Korsakoff N/D[20] syndrome

Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.[21]

Vitami Riboflavin n B2 Vitami Niacin, niacinamide n B3

Water

1.3 mg

Ariboflavinosis

N/D Liver damage (doses > 35.0 mg 2g/day)[22] and other problems N/D Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn.[24] Impairment ofpropriocepti on, nerve damage (doses > 100 mg/day)

Water

16.0 mg

Pellagra

Vitami Pantothenic acid n B5

Water

5.0 mg[23]

Paresthesia

Vitami Pyridoxine,pyridoxamine,pyridoxal n B6 Vitami Biotin n B7

Water

1.31.7 mg

Anemia periphe 100 mg ral neuropathy. Dermatitis, enteriti N/D s Megaloblast and Deficiency during pregnancy is associated 1,000 g with birth defects, such as neural tube defects Megaloblastic anemia[26]

[25]

Water

30.0 g

Vitami Folic acid, folinic acid n B9

Water

400 g

May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency ;other effects. Acne-like rash [causality is not conclusively established].

Vitami Cyanocobalamin,hydroxycobalamin,m Water n B12 ethylcobalamin Vitami Ascorbic acid nC Vitami Cholecalciferol nD

2.4 g

N/D

Water Fat

90.0 mg 5.0 g 10 g[27]

Scurvy

2,000 m Vitamin C g megadosage Hypervitamin osis D Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study.[29] Increases coagulation in patients takingwarfarin .[30]

Rickets andOsteo 50 g malacia Deficiency is very rare; 1,000 m mild hemolytic g anemiain newborn [28] infants.

Vitami Tocopherols,tocotrienols nE

Fat

15.0 mg

Vitami phylloquinone,menaquinones nK

Fat

120 g

Bleeding diathesis N/D

o Food sources
y y y y y y

Vit-A (milk, butter, cheese and eggs,chicken, kidney, liver, liver ,fish oils, mackerel, trout, herring.) Vit-B complex (asparagus, broccoli, spinach, bananas, potatoes,dried apricots, dates ,milk, eggs, cheese, yoghurt,
nuts and pulses,fish,brown rice, wheat germ, wholegrain cereals,meat,sunflower seed )

Vit-C ( strawberries, oranges, kiwi, passion fruit, mango, frozen peas ) Vit- D ( oily fish, liver, cod liver oil and dairy products.) Vit-E ( avocados, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, spinach, watercress, brussels sprouts,blackberries, mangoes,corn oil,
olive oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil,mackerel, salmon,nuts, wholemeal and wholegrain products)

Vit-K ( vegatables, green leafy)

y Fats
Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and generally insoluble in water. Chemically, fats are generally triesters of glycerol and fatty acids.

Fats are also known as: Lipids Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Saturated fat
y y y y y
Fat is a major source of energy and also aids your body in absorbing fat soluble vitamins. Fat is important for proper growth and development and for keeping you healthy. Fat adds flavor and taste to foods and gives you satiety value Fats are an important source of calories and nutrients especially for infants and toddlers. Fats are known as triglycerides, both in food and in the body and they are the storage and transport form of fats.

o Deficiency
Weaken immunity, Cracking/Dry skin, Dull nails - lack of surface shine, Slow growing fingernails, Dry eyes, Dry mouth/thrort, Menstrual cramp, Excessive ear wax, Excessive thirsty, Stiff or painful joints

o Daily requirement

Nutrient Total Fat

Unit of Measure grams (g)

Daily Values 65

Saturated fatty acids Cholesterol

grams (g) milligrams (mg)

20 300

o Food sources
Butter, cream, peanuts,soya beans, sunflower oil,olive oil, almond, walnuts

y Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are basic part of food ration.The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a
synonym of saccharide. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groupings:monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. In general, the monosaccharides and disaccharides, which are smaller (lowermolecular weight) carbohydrates, are [1] commonly referred to as sugars. The wordsaccharide comes from the Greek word (skkharon), meaning "sugar". Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living things. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen), and as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component ofcoenzymes (e.g., ATP, FAD, and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in [2] the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates in that they cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates. They are aldehydes or ketones with two or more hydroxyl groups.

o Food sources

fruits, sweets, soft drinks, breads, pastas, beans, potatoes, bran, rice, and cereals.

Conclusion:
Food plays very vital role in maintaining proper health and also helps in prevention and cure of diseases . Good nutritive food makes health ,but at the same time bad or unhealthy food give rise to several diseases. Our cells , tissues and all organs works properly only with nutritious food which we eat .We should take that food which fulfills the daily requirements of protein, vitamins , fats & carbohydrates.