Research Project

Topic: Effects of Illiteracy on Child Socialization of

Layyah

Submitted to:

Sir Zakir Hussain

Submitted By:
Humaira Bashir
Roll No: 198
Program: BS Sociology

Government College University Faisalabad (Layyah

Campas)
 DECLERATION

I declare that no portion of the work referred to in this project work entitled “Effects of Illiteracy on Child
Socialization of Layyah”.
By me for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of “bachelor’s in Sociology” has been
submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or
other institute of learning. Further, all the work in this dissertation is entirely my own, unless referenced in the
text as a specific source and included in the bibliography.

Name: Signature:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would first like to thank my thesis supervisors “Sir Zakir Hussain” of the “Department of Sociology at
GCUF Layyah Campus”. He consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right
the direction whenever he thought I needed it.

I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the validation survey for this research project:
“Effects of Illiteracy on Child Socialization of Layyah”.

Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents providing me with unfailing support and
continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing
this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them.

Thank you!
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No Chapter Names Page.No

01. Chapter.No.0Intro 06
duction:
Purpose of the Study.
Objectives of the Study.
02. Chapter.No.02: 09
Literature Review:

03. Chapter.No.03: 11
Research Methodology:
Justification of Population.
Sampling Techniqe.
Tools of Data Collection.
04. Chapter.No.04: 12
Data Analysis.
Results and Discussions.

05. Chapter.No.05: 21
Conclusion and Recommendations.

06. Appendix.No:1 22
References.

07. Appendix.No:2Ques 23
tionnaire.
 ABSTRACT

The Present research was conducted on “Effects of Illiteracy on Child Socialization of Layyah”. In Pakistan,
Education is overseen by the government, NGOs and different private sector. The education system in Pakistan
is generally divided into five levels: primary (grades one to five), middle (grade six to eight), high (grade nine
to ten), intermediate (grade eleven to twelve) and universities programs (undergraduate and graduate degree).
The main focus of this research was to identify the major factors, those effect on the socialization of the
children. Despite of all factors, parent’s education has significant effect on the socialization of their children.
Due to parent’s low literacy rate, due to their low level of education, due to some economical, cultural and
organizing issues families have bad effect on their children socialization. So in this research those problems or
issues were analysis and highlighted those create hurdles in the socialization of the children. Data analysis and
testing of hypothesis show that educated parents socialize their children in well manner way as compare to
uneducated parents. Educated parents children are more active and take part not only in educational activities
but also in the other activities. Data also showed that some time teachers do hard work but the back up
support does not come from the parents. The reason is that the illiterate/educated parents do not realize the
value of education.

Keywords: Affection, Level, Education, Socialization, Participant.

Chapter.No.01:

INTRODUCTION

As being a sociologist it is necessary to study this impact of low level educated parents on the
socialization of the children. It is the duty of parents, teachers and other member of the society to train
and guide their children as they grow. Socialization also nurture to its member into civilized and
socialized adults. In the institutions managed by sincere Muslims, there is nothing wrong with
majority of the teachers (exceptions of bad teachers do exist). The teachers do hard work but the
back up support does not come from the parents. The reason is that the illiterate lesser educated
parents do not realize the value of education due to lack of guidance and inspiration. The role of
mother is extremely important so far study of the child at home is concerned. I have seen many
achievers solely due to mother’s positive role. At the same time there are several spoiled children due
to mother’s excessive indulgence, care and love. Socialization is a term that is widely used in social
science like as sociologist, social psychologist, anthropologist, political science and educationalists. It
refers to the process of disseminating norms, custom and ideologies. It develops the individual skills
and habits that are necessary for the survival in the society. Socialization consists on the shared
norms, language, symbols, tradition and social roles. Nexon, (1954).

Socialization is the process in which children acquire values, standard of behavior, attitude and skills
that are appropriate to the culture in which the child resides. Family is the earliest and most pervasive
agent of the socialization. Educated parents use different mechanism for transmitting information,
values and perspective about ethnicity and race to their children, which is commonly refer to as
racial and ethnic socialization (Diane 2006). Parental education is consists on different activities like
the supervision of their children social settings, activities and friends. Monitoring of the young
children directs in nature while adolescents indirect and form of management activities. (Uneducated
parents don’t know the worth of education. So they send their children to work for the cheap and
little wages. Thus child labor creates illiterate and unskilled adults. And these illiterate also push their
children in to the child labor. Its mean child labor is both a cause and consequences of poverty.
Parent’s behavior has important consequences on the child’s development of specific cognitive skills,
learning strategies and personality characteristics. The enduring effects of schooling on the individual
are certain behavioral dispositions that determine how he/she will behave as a parent (Luis 1982). It
is also study that educated parent’s especially educated mother is more conscious about their
children. Hand washing, healthy food selection and danger avoidance largely depend on the early age
socialization, which is directly influence or directed from the parents education. Parent’s beliefs and
behaviors with respect to their children’s pocket-money allowance socialize their children into the
economic world. Parental gender and income are the best predictor of beliefs and attitude toward
allowance. Thus parental theories discussed about how to economically educate their children
(Adrian 2000). Maternal socialization strategies also have a significant relationship with the
children’s nutrition knowledge and behavior. It is hypothesize that those women who use strategies
would demonstrate greater understanding of the relationship between the nutrition and health.
Jennifer, (2001).
Maternal socialization strategies also have relationship with the children’s safety practices. Educated
mothers uniformly set safety rules regarding child behavior inside and outside the home. Significant
number of mothers engaged in relatively few proactive practices to ensure the child safety (Thomas
2002). Scientific achievements also define in the context of gender. It is usually consider from the
families that science is less interesting and more difficult for the daughters than sons. Parents’ beliefs
significantly predicted children’s interest and self-efficacy in science (Harriet 2004). Parenting
practices also effects on children’s education. The influence of parent’s child rearing practices (i.e.
encouragement and punishment) on their children’s education attainments and aspirations. There is
also a link between the mother’s educational attainment and children’s academic outcomes. The
children of young mothers with high level of education perform better on test of academic skills and
have higher quality home environment as compare to low level or uneducated mother. Katherine,
(2007).

Illiteracy has proved to be a major hindrance for the progress of the country, with a large number of
people unable to function in a written culture. In an organized economy and in the employment
sector, written word occupies an extremely important position. The poor and the illiterate persons are
the last category of persons that suffer from unemployment and the conditions of poverty, they do not
have adequate food to eat and go to bed without consuming their proper nutritious diet. The poor and
the illiterate people would possess the skills of proper cooking or preparing artworks or handicrafts
and so on, but majority of them lack the skills that restrain them from having any kind of quality
employment. The development priorities of the poor have, in fact, been a process of education for the
economic planners; such education and literacy skills are reflected in the form of differing lines of
poverty, programs and varied awareness to different client groups among the poor. Bhatia, (2013).

During the period of early childhood, the effects of illiteracy can be observed within the family unit
and the major socialization process.Recent research conducted in the fields of psychology, nutrition
and neuroscience recommend that the first five years of life are vital to the development of
intelligence, personality and social behavior. It is during this period that millions of cells are born,
grow and get interconnected. When this process of growth, development and interconnection does
not take place effectively, child development is influenced in an unconstructive manner. The
eminence and strength of these procedures are persuaded by a family’s social environment and
cultural capital. During the first few years of their lives, children of illiterate parents possibly have a
small amount of opportunities to understand the communication codes, or to learn to read and write.
The educational capital of the household is indispensable to a child’s physical and social
development. Such development is categorically bounded among children whose parents have not
acquired basic reading and writing skills, or have been out of touch. Illiteracy among adults augments
present and future socioeconomic weakness, and is an important feature in the reproduction of such
helplessness through children. Kamhon, (2005).

Illiterate persons experience larger amount of impediments in terms of social behavior, not only on a
personal level which includes social inclusion difficulties, uncertain work, high rates of syndrome,
and so forth, but also within the family such as, child nutrition, hygiene, health and education, among
others and at a societal level, lesser efficiency, high health care costs and so on. Illiterate adults face
severe employability concerns, given their low level of awareness and proficiency. This is
attributable to a lack of formal education, caused either by an early departure from school to enter the
labor market or the loss over time of the capability to read and write. In addition, illiterate persons
have less understanding of their rights and duties, and may thus be persuaded to recognize uncertain,
low-quality employment contracts. The impact of adult illiteracy can be divided into the following
categories, health, education, economics, social integration and consistency. With regard to health,
research shows that illiteracy considerably bounds an individual’s capability to understand messages
and take up knowledge necessary for self care, particularly among women. This has an
unconstructive influence on household health, hygiene and nutrition. The effects of this experience
are reflected within the household, both in general terms and in the mother and child relationship, at
the place of work and in ones performance and activities. Martinez, (2010).

With regard to education, illiterate parents tend to have lower educational prospects and objectives
for themselves and for their children. Poor families often position job and work duties before
education, due to the opening cost of the latter. Thus, children of parents who have not been
successful incompletion of primary education tend to do the same. A close connection is also present
between the education of the parents and the academic performance of their children. Research has
shown;the greater a mother’s education and literacy skills, the lesser the behavioral problems her
children will display, the lower their reiteration rate will be and their academic performance will also
be improved.When parents do not get involved within their children’s educational concerns, then
they are more likely to exhibit behavioral problems, have poor grades, repeat school years and even
terminate their formal education. Fernandez, (2010).
 Purpose of the Study:

The purpose of the research is to expand my funds of knowledge and develop a deeper understanding
of what educators have learned through their experiences and studies.On the opposite side of the
same city, I worked at a private early childhood school. The students in my Kindergarten class were
children of doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, dentists, an educated field of two parent families.
The Kindergarten students all read above grade level, while just down the hall, the two-year-old
classroom held students sitting in morning circle discussing the calendar. Each child knew the current
month and the days of the week. Even the preschool classroom next door held a class of busy students
always eager to count and write. Patrios, (1889).

Objectives of the Study:

• To examine the influence of education on child socialization.

• To determine the ways in which education effects to the different espects of children’s lives.
• To explore the problems in the socialization of the children.
• To determine the affection of parent’s education on the socialization of the children.
• To study the strategies and methods to enhance the level of socialization for the low or illiterate
parents.
Chapter.No.02:

LITERATURE REVIEW

Mooney,(2000) In the course to determine what factors are affecting children’s literary performance,
researchers such as Compton-Lilly and Heath have focused their work on how literacy is a social
practice. Literacy is a social practice that stems from the fact that learning is a social process .
According to Vygotsky, one learns through interaction with others, not just by working
independently Compton-Lilly and Heath have found several key groupings where literacy as a social
practice is easily seen. Many researchers have found similar significant findings to that of Heath and
Compton-Lilly, on the direct relationship between literacy and social practices.

Nancy, (1998) said that In the course to determine how literacy is affecting children’s academic
performance, researchers have focused on several specific variables. The variables are connected to
the finding that literacy is a social practice The variables include the individual, home, culture and
school. The objective of this study is to determine through an in depth analytical review of research
literature, what educators over the last fifteen years have documented regarding the effects of
individual, home, culture and school on the literary success of students.

Compton-Lilly,(2012) To examine The Literate Lives of Urban Children, Bedtime Stories and Book
Reports and Rereading Families. She believes that there are too many short-term studies that do not
suffice in developing meaningful information that can be used in the future of a study. For example,
in one study, she followed a group of eight inner-city students from first grade through eleventh
grade. By conducting a long-term study, Compton-Lilly was able to see factors that affected and
hindered literary growth over time Compton-Lilly, also focuses on the ways literacy events have
drawn upon the experiences of family members and the interwoven complex relationships that exist
in race, class, access and power.

Foster, (2005) To explore that, My rationale for focusing on the socioeconomic factors that affect
literacy is to generate a better understanding of what areas directly concern children’s literacy
learning experiences and what we can do as educators to ensure that our literacy practices reflect
those factors. Classrooms today are a melting pot of cultural heritages and social class. I myself grew
up in a low-income, rural area, where I went to the same school from Kindergarten through senior
year. I graduated with a class of 75 students. Many of my peers came from struggling homes and
over fifty percent of the student body received free or reduced lunches. Today, the struggling cycle
continues as my peers’ children enter school with an even higher rate of children receiving free or
reduced lunch. The ways educators teach and the ways children understand is affected by the
struggles students are facing in today’s world. In order to better prepare our students to be
deeperthinkers for tomorrow, we need to consider what is affecting children’s literacy experiences
today.

Compton-Lilly, (2006) According to Compton-Lilly most games require extended commitment

which children become immersed into. In the classroom most children need “encouragement and
reassurance before they are willing to put their pens to papers. In order for children to take those
same risks in the classroom they need to feel that same sense of security. Educators need to
provide that same security element in the
classroom. Each classroom is a melting pot of experiences and interests. Compton Lilly (2009)
acknowledges that struggling readers need more than just a reading process to follow, but also
connections that align with their way of being. In order for students to be successful they need to feel
successful. Compton-Lilly (2008) found that because literacy is a social practice, students need to be
able to make connections between their interests, home and school and to who they are as an
individual.

Krashen, (2011) The significant findings in the case study also support Compton-Lilly’s belief that
literacy is a social practice that is tied to the individual.Illustrates that “school literacy learning
experiences are contextualized within larger social and cultural contexts that include issues related to
race and gender. A strong reader must first develop a reading identity. An individuals past history as
a reader and current struggles as a reader, have a direct affect on what type of reader they think of
themselves. “Privilege, access, and opportunity, related to race, class and gender have influenced and
continue to influence the experiences and relationships that contribute to the formation of reading
identities for students. The identity that students form, shape the individuals’ reading and writing
skill.

Parke (2004) Also found significant correlation between social practices and the development of the
literary success. In this article Heath discusses how the use of drama enables students to retain their
first language. Drama is an element of play. During play “the self is transformed from the vulnerable,
inhibited central self that fears making mistakes into the demands of the character” Play opens up
multiple versions of the world for the child.For students with no English knowledge, play is where
language is learned. “They get their bodies to gesture anger, compassion, mistrust, and gradually they
attach language. As students build confidence their experiences broaden. The language development
that is constructed in play has an effect on the literary identity of the individual. The power of play
and the drama of language hold great accountability in one’s literary success. Literacy success and
social experiences are interwoven throughout our lives.

Wamba, (2010) Also discovered that “Understandings of self are constructed over time, as people
draw upon past experiences, and envision future possibilities. Identities are revised over time as
individuals are confronted with new beings and organizations. The identities that we construct over
time involve enactments such as performances, discourses, relationships and literacy practices.
Students and parents legislate identities through the books they read and those they did not. For
example, a student named David associated the types of book read and enjoyment of the books, as an
identity for the type of student he was: a serious student. He often spoke of someday starting his
own business and was always unfolding his plans to get rich. Students draw upon their home
experiences and the resources available to them, to make sense of their world as they construct their
identities as readers.
Chapter.No.03

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology refers to the specific strategies or techniques for systematically conducting
research. The objective of this methodology explains the tool; techniques for the collection and
interpretation of the data.

Sociologists often rely on quantitative method of social research because these methods can describe
the large and general method, while the quantitative approaches can help to understand how
individuals respond to those changes” (Neuman).

The researcher collected the data from children’s parents of Layyah. Thus parents of Layyah were the
targeted population. The researcher derived the sample from the target population. The researcher
selected the sample size of 40 respondents in Layyah. Convenient sampling was used for choosing
respondents. The researcher used the interview schedule as the tool for data collection process. The
main purpose to chose the interview schedule was that researcher respondents were underlie in both
category (literate and illiterate). That’s why interview schedule was more appropriate for this
research. Then the researcher analyzed the data through SPSS.

Universe Layyah

Target Population Parents of Layyah

Sample Size 40

Tool for Data Collection Interview Schedule

Data Analysis SPSS

Justifying the Sample:

Layyah was selected as a Universe/Population for the present study. Layyah was selected because the
people belong to middle class and lower class and majority of them have low level of education that
has effect on children’s socialization. Children’s parents of Layyah were selected as a sample for the
present study. The reason for selection of Children’s parents of Layyah was that they have close
relation with children’s socialization. People from different area of district take as sample for
research. A sample of 40 respondents was selected through convenient sampling technique.
Chapter.No.04:

DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis is the important part of the research. It is basically the process which has multiple
facets and approach that is widely uses in different business, science and social science domains. It is
a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of highlighting
useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making.

Table.No.01: Distribution of Respondents By Their Age:

Age Frequency Percentage

25 To 30 8 23.80

30 To 35 15 35.71

Above35 17 40.47

Total 40 100

Table.No.01: shows that the majority of the respondent 40.47 was present in the age of above 35.

Table.No.02: Distribution of Respondents By Their Gender:

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 23 57.5

Male 17 42.5

Total 40 100

Table.No.2: show distribution of respondents by their gender. Information shows that 17 (42.5%)
were male and 23 (57.5%) were female.
Table.No.03: Distribution of Respondents By Their Residential Area:

Residential Area Frequency Percentage

Rural 23 57.5

Urban 17 42.5

Total 40 100

Table.No.03: pointed out the distribution of respondents by their residential area. Above table
reveals that 23 (57.5%) respondents were from rural areas and 17 (42.5%) respondents were from the
urban areas.

Table.No.4: Distribution of Respondents By Their Education Level:

Education Frequency Percentage

Illiterate 20 50

Middle 15 37.5

Graduation 5 12.5

Total 40 100

Table.No.4: show the distribution of respondents by their education status.The current table shows
that themajority of the respondents 50 were illiterate.
Table.No.05: Distribution of Respondents By Their Occupation:

Occupation Frequency Percentage

Agriculture 17 42.5

Skilled labour 13 32.5

Govt/Private job 10 25

Total 40 100

Table.No.05: reveals that majority of the responds 42.5 were belongs to agriculture.

Table.No.06: Distribution of Respondents By Their Income:

Income Frequency Percentage

Up to 10000 16 40

10000-20000 13 32.5

20000-30000 11 27.5

Total 40 100

Table.No.06: shows that majority of the respondents 40 were income up to ten thousand.
Table.No.07: Distribution of Respondents By Their Family Type:

Family Type Frequency Percentage

Joint 20 50

Nuclear 10 25

Extended 10 25

Total 40 100

Table.No.07: reveals that majority of the 50 joint families.

Table No.08: Percentage Distribution of Respondents Regarding their Occupation:

Categories Frequency Percent

Government job 14 33.8

Business man 8 11.87

Worker 12 35.6

Agriculture 6 18.75

Total 40 100.0

Table No.08: shows the Percentage distribution of respondents regarding their occupation. 35.6
Percent of respondents were belonged in worker, 33.8 percent of respondents were in government
job, 18.75 were in agriculture and 11.87 percent of respondents were belonged in private business
and the statistical table shows that the majority of respondents were having worker as assets of
income.
Table No.09: Percentage Distribution of Respondents Regarding their Monthly Income:

Categories Frequency Percent

1600-10000 21 56.3

11000-20000 11 27.5

21000-16000 3 5.6

31000-40000 5 10.6

Total 40 100.0

Table No.09: show the Percentage distribution of respondents regarding their monthly income. 56.3
percent of respondents were received 1600-10000 rupees monthly income, 27.5 percent of the
respondents were 11000- 20000 and 10.6 percents were received 31000-40000 rupees monthly. This
statistical analysis show that the majority of the respondents were received 1600-10000 rupees in
monthly.
Table No.10: Percentage Distribution of Respondents Regarding their Education:

Categories Frequency Percent

Illiterate 8 21.88

Primary 7 15.63

Middle 20 13.13

Secondary and above 5 49.38

Total 40 100.0

Table No.10: show the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding their education. 49.38
percent of the respondents were above secondary, 21.88 percent of the respondents were illiterate,
and 15.63 percent of the respondents were primary and 13.13 percent of the respondents middle. .
This statistical analysis shows that the majority of respondents were secondary passed.
Table No.11: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Regarding their Family Size:

Categories Frequency Percent

2-4 4 8.1

5-7 18 45.0

8-10 13 34.4

Above 10 5 12.5

Total 40 100.0

Table No.11: show the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding their family size. 45
percent of the respondents had 5-7 family members, 34.4 percent of the respondents had 8-10
members, and 12.5 percent of respondent were lived above 10 and only 8.1 percent of respondents
were lived 2-4. This statistical analysis shows that the majority of the respondents had 5-7 family
members.

Table.No.12: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Regarding Educated Parents

Provides Such Facilities As Compared to the Uneducated Parents:

Category To great To Not

extent some at
extent all

Parents education is 63.8 33.8 2.5

necessary for the children

Provide better guidance to 62.5 32.5 5.0

their children

Provide guidance in every 57.5 36.9 5.6

field of life

Give cooperation to 53.1 41.9 5.0

develop their mind

Develop more religious 43.1 48.8 8.1

minded

Do not care of custom and 49.4 41.3 9.4

tradition

Row 1 shows the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding parent’s education is necessary
for the bright future of the children. This statistical analysis shows that the majority of the
respondents were agree that the parent’s education was necessary for the bright future of the
children.
Row 2 shows the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding educated parents provides
better guidance to their children in their practical life. This statistical analysis show that the majority
of the respondents were agrees that the educated parents provide better guidance to their children in
their practical life.

Row 3 shows the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding educated parents provide
better guidance their children in every field of life then uneducated parents. This statistical analysis
show that the majority of the respondents were agree to great extent that educated parents provide
better help to their children in every field of life.

Row 4 shows the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding educated parents gives full
cooperation to their children to develop their mind. This statistical analysis show that the majority of
the respondents were agree to great extent that educated parents gives full cooperation to develop
their children mind.

Row 5 shows the Percentage distribution of the respondents regarding the children of educated
parents is more religious minded then the children of uneducated parents. This statistical analysis
show that the majority of the respondents were agrees to great extent that the children of educated
parents were more religious minded then the children of uneducated parents.

Row 6 shows the Percentage distribution of the respondents that the children of educated parents
show more deviant behavior regarding customs and traditions then the children of uneducated
parents. This statistical analysis show that the majority of the respondents were agree to great extent
that the children of educate parents show more deviant behavior regarding their customs and
traditions then the children of uneducated parents.

Test of Hypothesis:

Higher education of parents leads higher educational attainment among children.

Alternative Hypothesis:

There is an association between the education of parents and higher educational achievement among
children.
Null Hypothesis:

There is no association between the education of parents and higher educational achievement among
children.

Educatio T
Qualification of your children
n o
t
Illiterat Primar Middle
a
e y and
l
above

Illiterate 4 3 2 9

Primary 2 2 3 7

Middle 2 2 1 5

Seconda 2 8 9 1
ry and 9
above

Total 11 14 15 4
0

Chi Square= 20.897 Degree of Freedom= 6 P-Value= 0.002

The hypothesis of this research is to identify the association between the parent’s education and
higher educational achievement of children. Thus the statement of null hypothesis is that there is no
association between the education of parents and higher educational achievement among children.
While the statement of the alternative hypothesis is there is an association between the education of
parents and higher educational achievement among children. This table shows that chi square result
and p-value are significant; so it showed that there has relationship between two variables.
Researcher accepted the alternative hypothesis in the light of significance value. Thus hypothesis
result showed that those children achieve higher educational attainment whose parents are educated.
Because educated parents are well aware from the importance of education. That’s why the emphasis
more towards the study as compare to uneducated parents.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Socialization is an important tool in the process of personality formation. Essentially one has to learn
culture. Learning culture means learning of everything those are necessary for the survival in the
society. According to sociologist the process of socialization include primary anticipatory re-
socialization and gender socialization through the agents of socialization. The hidden hand of social
forces beyond our control guides our lives. The major agents of socializations family, school, peers
and mass media- exert pressure on each of us.

Peer groups are important in the socialization process because children learn from peers how to form
relationship on their own without adult supervision Television viewing comes before reading
research suggests television makes children less imaginative school is another key agent of
socialization. School teaches children to obey conform and follow rules. Children are treated as
unique special person at school in which they are treated more impersonally, the same as all there
school mates.

Parent’s involvement plays a vital role in the children early education. Parents play a significance
role in developing the personality of the children. Parents are the central figures in the lives of their
children. Educated parents provide good balance to their children’s in the traditions, culture and
modernity. They guide their children well because they not only know the tradition but also the new
trend and demand of the time. The children of the educated parents have practical knowledge of
religion. They don’t believe on the rituals and imaginary things. The performance in education of the
educated parents is as well as compared to low level parent’s children. The children of the educated
parents can perform better in every field of life because they havealready platform in their
professional life.

The Study was conducted in the area of district Layyah. The respondents were the parents. Mostly
parents were uneducated, some were less educated and some of them were highly educated. After
detail investigation the researcher concluded that the parent’s education is necessary for the
socialization of the children.

The research founded that children of the educated parents have higher achievement level particularly
in the educational attainments which was the most important objective of this study. Research also
observed that educated parents play a vital role in the socialization of their children particularly in the
educational attainment of the children and educated parents also help to reduce the children bad habit
and negative behavior. Educated parents can guide their children well as compared to less educated
parents. Educated parents can better understand the feelings and provide proper guidance to shape
their personality and future of their children. They can guide in choosing their future planning and
provide better guidance to their children in every field of life. The children of the educated people are
clever and fast, because they know about life well as compared to low educated parents.
 Chapter.No.05:

RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Education is basic need of every human being, because it guides and leads to do best in every aspects
and parts of life. From the education, an individual know about right and wrong. From the education,
an individual know about their rights and duties, good and bad, culture, family, religion and the new
emerging trends of the society. Family provides vital role in the socialization of their children.
Parents should have to see and analyze the needs and desires of the children and should respect their
needs and obligations of their children. Data showed that parent’s education is necessary for the
better socialization of their children because the education of an individual is the education of one
individual but the educated parents can educate all their children. It is the human instinct, that the
parents have great love with their children. They provide best to their children. So, the parent’s
education is very necessary for the better socialization of their children.

The researcher would like to give the following suggestions for the proper socialization of the
children:

• The parents should check the daily activities of their children including their educational attainments,
their interaction with peers, their interaction with others and their interest with media. Through this
the parents can socialize their children well.
• The government should make policies for the betterment of the socialization of children through
parents and practices are implementing through media advertisement, seminars and newspapers.
• The rate of literacy should be increased in the country with the help of giving free education
opportunities for everyone.
• It is the moral duty of parents to give religious education to their children for their better
socialization.
• The private and government education institutions should provide equal level of education and there
should be no differentiation for the poor and the rich families so that the children of the both families
should get good education.
• Government has to introduce some projects like “Taleem-e-Balgan” to provide basic knowledge or
education regarding their children’s socialization.
 Appendix.No:01
REFERENCES

• Patrios,(1889) “Psychologic Impact of Deafness on the Child and Adolescent.” Primary Care: Clinics
in Office Practice, Volume 34, Issue 2, June (1889), Pages 407-426.
• Nexon, (1954) “Parent Satisfaction with Educational Experiences scale: A multivariate examination
of parent satisfaction with early childhood education programs.” Early Childhood Research
Quarterly, Volume 21, Issue 2, 2nd Quarter, Pages 142-152.
• Luis M (1982). “School, occupation, culture, and family: The impact of parental schooling on the
parent-child relationship .” Journal of Educational Psychology, Volume 74, Issue 6, December
(1982), Pages 791- 827.
• Adrian, F. (2000). “Economic Socialization: German Parents' Perceptions and Implementation of
Allowances to Educate Children.” European Psychologist, Volume 5, Issue 3, September (2000),
Pages 202-215.
• Jennifer.H.(2001). “Effects of maternal socialization strategies on children's nutrition knowledge
and behavior.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Volume 22, Issue 4, July-August
(2001), Pages 421-43.
• Thomas.G.P.(2002).“Maternal socialization of safety practices among Mexican American children.”
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Volume 23, Issue 1, January-February (2002), Pages
83-97.
• Parke,R.D.(2004). “Socialization in Infancy and Childhood.”International Encyclopedia of the Social
& Behavioral Sciences, (2004), Pages 14516-14522.
• Kamhon K.(2005). “Parenting practices and children’s education outcomes .” Economics of
Education Review, Volume 24, Issue 1, February (2005), Pages 29-4.
• Diane.H.(2006). “Parents' Ethnic–Racial Socialization Practices: A Review of Research and
Directions for Future Study.”Developmental Psychology, Volume 42, Issue 5, September (2006),
Pages 747-770.
• Harriet R.T. “Parent–Child Conversations About Science: The Socialization of Gender.
• Inequities?.” Developmental Psychology, Volume 39, Issue 1, January (2003), Pages 34-47.
• Katherine.M.(2007). “Maternal Education and Children's Academic Achievement During Middle
Childhood.” Developmental Psychology, Volume 43, Issue 6, November 2007, Pages 1497-1512.
 Appendix.No:02
QUESTIONNAIRE

Interview Schedule

Main Area: Illiteracy.

Sub Area: Effects of Illiteracy on Child Socialization of Layyah.

Name :

Contact.No:

SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS

1. Age of the Respondent?

A) Below 20.

(B) 20 to 25.

(C) 25 to 30.

(D) Above 30.

2. Gender of the Respondent?

(A) Male.

(B) Female.( C) Other.

3. How Much Is Your Household Income ?

(A) Below Than 15000. (B) 15000 to 20000. (C) 2000 to 25000.
(D) Above 25000.
 4. Your Household Size?

(A) 2 to 4.

(B) 4 to 8.

(C) 8 to 12.

(D) More Than 12.

5. Your Highest Qualification?

(A) Primary.

(B) Middle.

(C) Matric.

( D) Higher Education.

6. Personal Occupation of the Respondent?

(A) Own Business.

(B) Doctor.

(C) Teacher.

(D) Other.

7. What Is Your Family Type?

(A) Nuclear Family.

(B) Blended family.

(C) Joint family.

(D) Family By Choice.

8. What Is Your Marital Status?

(A) Married.

(B) Unmarried.

(C) Divorced.

(D) Widow.
9. Do You Describe Your Health Condition?

(A) Good.

(B) Excellent.

(C) Bad.

(D) Normal.

10. Your House Residence?

(A) Own.

(B) Rented.

11. Your Residence Place?

(A) City.

(B) Village.

12. Did Your Parents Have Any Job Or Business?

(A) Yes.

(B) No.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Effects of Illiteracy on Child Socialization of Layyah:

Do You Think Education Is Effected To Our Child’s Socialization?

(A) Yes.

(B) No.
( C) Don’t Know.

2. What is Your Opinion About That Education Is Right of Every Person?

(A) Yes.

(B) No.

(C) Don’t Know.

3. Do You Think Lack of Education Have Any Impact On Your Financial Status?

(A) Yes.

(B) No.

(C) Don't Know.

4. What Is Your Opinion About Educated Parents Provides Better Facilities As Compared to the Uneducated
Parents?

(A) Yes.

(B) No.

(C) Don't Know.

SUGGESTIONS

Give Your Suggestions How to Enhance the Level of Education?