Reading

Comprehension
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Directions for the following questions: Read the
following passages and answer the questions that
follow. Your answer to these questions should be
based on the passages only.
Passage - I
Self-government depends entirely upon our own
internal strength, upon our ability to fight against
the heaviest odds. Indeed, self-government which
does not require continuous striving to attain it and
sustain it is not worth the name. I have, therefore,
endeavoured to show both in word and deed that
political self-government-that is self-government for
a large number of men and women is no better than
individual self-government, and therefore, it is to be
attained by precisely the same means that are
required for individual self-government or self-rule.
The true source of rights is duty. If we all discharge
our duties, right will not be far to seek. If leaving
duties unperformed we ran after rights, they will
escape us like a will-o'-the-wisp. The more we pursue
them, the farther will they fly.
To me political power is not an end but a means of
enabling people to better their condition in every
sphere of life. Political power means capacity to
regulate national life through national
representative. If national life becomes so perfect as
to become self-regulated, no representation becomes
necessary, there is then a state of enlightened
anarchy. In such a state, everyone is his own ruler.
He rules himself in such a manner that he is never a
hindrance to his neighbour. Hence, the classical
statement of Thoreau that government is best, which
governs the least.
I believe that true democracy can only be an outcome
of non-violence. The structure of a world federation
can be raised only on a foundation of non violence,
and violence will have to be totally given up in world
affairs. My idea of society is that while we are born
equal, meaning that we have a right to equal
opportunity, all have not the same capacity. It is, in
the nature of things, impossible. For instance, all
cannot have the same height, or colour or things,
some will have ability to earn more and others less.
People with talents will have more, and they will
utilise their talents for this purpose. If they utilise
kindly, they will be performing the work of the State.
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Such people exist as trustees, on no other terms. I
would allow a man of intellect to earn more, I would
not cramp his talent. But the bulk of his greater
earnings must be used for the good of the State, just
as the income of all earning sons of the father goes
to the common family fund. They would have their
earning only as trustees. It may be that I would fail
miserably in this. But that is what I am sailing for.
1. Examine whether the following inferences can
be drawn from the passage or not.
1. Men though not born equal can become
equal by proper governance.
2. Rights emanate from duties.
Select the correct option:
(a) Only Inference 1 can be drawn.
(b) Only Inference 2 can be drawn.
(c) Both inferences can be drawn.
(d) Neither of the two inferences can be
drawn.
2. Which of the following cannot be said to be
correct as per the passage?
(a) Political power is a means but not an end
in itself.
(b) It is a means to uplift the condition of
people.
(c) This power in democracy is to be exercised
through national representatives.
(d) None of the above.
3. What is meant by a state of enlightened
anarchy?
(a) A state where there is confusion among
the enlightened masses.
(b) A state where people have awareness but
are engulfed in confusion about their
duties.
(c) A state which does not regulate its
subjects but still they are conscious of their
duties.
(d) None of the above.
4. Examine the following statements in light of
what is stated in the passage and determine
which of the following are correct?
1. Rights and duties are inter-linked.
2. An ideal state is devoid of political power.
3. Democracy can only rest on the
foundation of non-violence.

4. Equality of opportunity is an ideal which
cannot be realised.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1, 2 & 3 (b) 2, 3 & 4
(c) 1, 3 & 4 (d) All
Passage - II
Cultural activities are becoming increasingly
important in the modern post- industrial knowledge-
based economy. World over, they have been
recognised as an important component of growth
and job creation as well as a vehicle of cultural
identity. Cultural life has become an economically
viable private and public service activity as well as
social integrator. There is growing positive
correlation between culture and employment. A
large number of people are getting viable
employment by engaging in cultural activities as
writers, publishers, librarians, photographers,
sculptors, painters, musicians, singers,
choreographers, dancers and actors. Cultural
activities also support other economic activities,
cultural tourism being one such example. A major
chunk of tourism in India, national and international,
can be classified as cultural tourism because it is
geared to visit monuments, museums, archaeological
sites and cultural heritage including traditional fairs
and festivals.
To meet the objective of preserving and promoting
all forms of art and culture, a variety of activities are
being undertaken by the Government of India,
ranging from protecting and encouraging cultural
endeavours at grassroots level to promoting cultural
exchanges internationally; from programmes to
preserve India's ancient heritage to encouraging an
array of contemporary creative arts. A network of
41 organisations is functioning under the Ministry
of Culture, for protection, development, and
promotion of tangible heritage, intangible heritage,
and knowledge heritage. There are also a large
number of schemes and programmes to extend
financial support to individuals, group of individuals,
and cultural organisations engaged in performing,
visual and literary arts.
Creative industry includes cultural heritage; printed
matter and literature; music and performing arts;
visual arts; audio-visual media including cinema,
television, radio and photography, and socio-cultural
activities; museum and archives.
5. Which of the following inferences can be
drawn from what is stated in the passage?
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1. Cultural activities and services are helping
in earning valuable foreign exchange.
2. Cultural services create a sense of national
identity.
Select the correct option:
(a) Only Assertion 1 is correct.
(b) Only Assertion 2 is correct.
(c) Both Assertions 1 and 2 are correct.
(d) Neither Assertion 1 nor 2 is correct.
6. Which among the following can be said to be
true about cultural services and activities?
1. They are social integrators.
2. They are job creators.
3. They are good source of entertainment.
Select the correct option:
(a) All (b) 1 & 2
(c) 1 & 3 (d) 2 & 3
7. Which among the following cannot be treated
as cultural activity in terms of what is stated
in the passage?
(a) Activity of a production house engaged
in production of a dance- drama
(b) Activity of a publishing house engaged in
printing and publication of children's
literature
(c) Activity of a government organisation
dealing with archiving of manuscripts
(d) Activity of a chain of resorts operating in
cities/places where world heritage sites
are located
8. Which among the following does the passage
highlight as the measures undertaken by the
government to promote and preserve arts and
culture?
1. The government has a network of
organisations functioning under it which
undertake the work of protection/
promotion of culture.
2. The government promotes cultural
activities at the grass root levels.
3. The government operates a number of
guest houses/ hotels through undertakings
in important tourist places.
4. Government has a number of schemes to
extend financial support to artists.
Select the correct code:
(a) All (b) 1, 2 & 3
(c) 1, 2 & 4 (d) 2, 3 & 4

Passage - III
It is well known that India has a translating
consciousness and we keep translating every moment
of our active lives. It is difficult to come across
monolinguals in our country: at least it was, until
English medium education began to weaken
gradually and destroy our command over our mother
tongues. We also mix languages, almost
unconsciously, in our everyday speech. Indian
literature is founded on direct or free translations
since the various Ramayanas, Mahabharatas and
Bhagavatas in different languages, including tribal
and folk versions and performative improvisations,
have been the very foundations of our rich literatures.
Even the distinction between an original work and
its translation was rather blurred and uncertain in
India's pre-colonial literary discourse. The
Ramayanas of Pampa, Kamban, Ezhuthachan,
Molla, Premananda, Eknath, Balarama Das, Kritibas,
Tulsidas or Madhava Kandali, for example, were
taken to be neither translations nor even adaptations
but considered original works as they were the most
brilliant manifestations of the genius of their
respective languages.
The story of Indian literatures until, say, the 19th
century, was mostly a story of creative translations,
adaptations, retellings, interpretations, epitomes and
elaborations of classical texts. Translations from
Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic and modern Indian
languages knit together communities, languages,
regions and cultures. Along with the Ramayana, the
Mahabharata and the Bhagavata, collections of
folktales, fables and legends, like the Panchatantra,
the Vikramaditya tales, the Kathasaritsagara, the
Brihatkatha and the Jataka tales travelled from
language to language, instilling in their readers a
sense of a common narrative heritage.
9. Which of the following statements are correct
according to the above passage?
1. Indians are taught two or more languages
from birth.
2. Indians had to learn multiple languages
in order to comprehend our great epics
like Mahabharat and Ramayan.
3. Indians' exposure to many regional
languages has made them multilingual.
4. Ramayan & Mahabharat are narrated in
multiple versions and multiple languages.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
(c) 3 & 4 (d) 1 & 4
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10. Which of the statement is true according to
the passage?
(a) English has weakened our command over
regional languages because its origin is
different from the Indian languages.
(b) We are losing our knowledge over epics
as they could not be translated into
English.
(c) We are slowly becoming monolingual
because our literature is not available in
English.
(d) English is increasingly becoming the
language of use in India and has started
shadowing over our mother tongues.
11. According to the author our epics such as
Ramayan & Mahabharat are neither
translations nor adaptations because -
(a) Each language has a different
interpretation according to its inherent
culture.
(b) It is difficult to translate the exact meaning
from one language to the other.
(c) Authors in different languages added
their perspectives to the epics over time.
(d) Each text imbibed an essence of the
performing language over time,
developing a narrative unique to the
language.
Passage - IV
Sardar Patel, the architect of States' unification, was
worried that Indian democracy would prove
transient: "Almost overnight we have introduced
…the superstructure of a modern system of
government… unless the transplanted growth takes
a healthy root in the soil, there will be a danger of
collapse and chaos." In the six decades since then,
India's home-grown democracy has held together
beautifully - or so India is fond of telling the world.
Yet every so often this smug self-belief is shattered
by incidents so gruesome, so medieval that they serve
to recall the Sardar's worst fears. How can a nation
cast in a modern, liberal democratic framework,
with a Constitution held up as a model to emulate
and laws that match the best in the world, tolerate
the ugly phenomenon of khap (caste) panchayats
with their kangaroo court-style instant justice? For
years, the panchayats, prevalent mainly in the North
Indian States of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar
Pradesh, have practised violence as if it was a credo,
brutally and summarily punishing those
overstepping the redlines. This form of 'retributive

justice' has particularly targeted young men and
women seeking to marry within the same gotra. In
village after village, khap panchayats have hounded
out, forcibly separated, and all failing, murdered
newly married couples - justifying the horrendous
edicts as necessary to uphold local culture and
honour.
Several remedial measures have been suggested to
rein in the khap panchyats, including a separate
section in the Indian Penal Code. However, any
enhancement of the legal architecture must be
complemented by social enlightenment for results to
prove enduring. The khaps have become a law unto
themselves because of social and political support.
At a recent khap mahapanchayat, members had the
temerity to demand a new law to prevent same-gotra
marriages. Without a change in this reactionary
attitude, India will remain a country that ritually
holds elections but falls way short of a truly modern,
liberal democracy.
12. Which statements are correct according to the
above passage?
1. Indian democracy has shaped up to be
what our forefathers imagined.
2. Indian democracy is transitional and
dynamic.
3. The steadfast vision of Indian democracy
is time and again marred by blots of
unconstitutional acts in public eye.
4. India can never be a true democracy till
we learn to be liberal.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 2
(b) 2 & 3
(c) 3 & 4
(d) 1 & 4
13. Which of the following statement is true
according to the passage?
(a) Sardar Patel believed new evils would
take root in the new system of
governance.
(b) Sardar Patel was worried that Indian
democracy would be short lived as we
had suddenly introduced a new form of
governance.
(c) Sardar Patel feared we would never be
able to transition into a true democracy.
(d) Sardar Patel believed a true democracy
needs to be rooted and transitional at once.
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14. Why does the author believe that the actions
of Khap Panchayats and Kangaroo courts are
undemocratic and unconstitutional?
(a) They make judgments without looking
into proper proof and evidence.
(b) They are against liberal ideas such as same
gotra marriages.
(c) They diktat criminal acts to uphold
arbitrary definitions of culture.
(d) They support antiquated ideas such as
casteism.
15. Which of the following statements are correct
according to the passage?
1. The Khap Panchayats stand for all that is
wrong with the Indian Democracy.
2. Laws can only lead to progress in a society,
when, supported by the parallel threads
of social change.
3. The khap panchayats were audacious
enough to demand a law against same
gotra marriages.
4. The Khap Panchayats exist due to vote
bank politics.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 4
(b) 3 & 4
(c) 1 & 3
(d) 2 & 3
Passage - V
POPULAR Hindi cinema traditionally took the form
of melodrama, but the new millennium has seen
melodrama being abandoned as the dominant form.
Broadly speaking, what is seen as melodrama is to
indulge in strong emotionalism, moral polarisation
and schematisation; it portrays extreme situations
and actions, overt villainy, the persecution of the
good and the final reward of virtue, inflated or
extravagant expression and abrupt changes in
fortune to affirm that the world is governed by a
moral order. Popular Hindi cinema has been
considered escapist but, paradoxically, it has also
been sententious, inevitably giving moral instruction
to the spectator.
If one were to describe accurately popular cinema's
relationship with the "real", one could say that it was
not "mimetic" in the Aristotelian sense -as Hollywood
tried to be-and the world it posited followed Indian
poetics in the belief that the artistically created world
is not subordinate to reality but actually greater than
it, or that it is "truer than the real". Rather than

portraying the world as it "was", popular cinema
tried to show it as "it should be". Moral reassurance
being the intent, it employed archetypes/ stereotypes
to represent qualities in their essence to relay its
messages -qualities such as loyalty, selflessness,
arrogance, devotion, scholarliness, and miserliness.
The moral instruction offered by popular films
upheld "eternal values" handed down by tradition,
but most of these values were relayed in historical
circumstances relevant to the times of each film.
Among the earliest motifs in Hindi cinema is
projecting one of the strong woman as a moral
exemplar in the "reformist" films of the 1930s and
early 1940s. For instance, V. Shantaram's Duniya Na
Mane (1937) is about a woman tricked into marriage
with an elderly widower and her dogged resistance
to him. Other films with the motif of the strong
woman include P.C. Barua's Devdas (1935), Mehboob
Khan's Aurat (1940) and N.R. Acharya's Jhoola
(1941).
16. Which of the following statements are correct
according to the above passage?
1. The irony of Indian cinema is that it
packages moral teachings in the form of
escapist entertainment.
2. Melodrama is and will be the mainstay of
Indian cinema.
3. The definition of melodrama may change
over time but it will always be the
backbone of Indian cinema.
4. Melodrama in Indian movies is designed
to highlight the victory morality.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
(c) 3 & 4 (d) 1 & 4
17. Which of the following statement suits the
comparison of Hollywood and Bollywood the
best according to the passage?
(a) Both believe in the reality of artistically
created worlds.
(b) Where one mirrors the society the other
leads it.
(c) Both have different standards of morality.
(d) Both stick to their interpretations of social
values.
18. Which one of the following statements is
correct according to the above passage?
(a) Indian cinemas definition of real resides
in the picture of ideality.
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(b) Indian cinemas definition of real is mimetic
of western cinema.
(c) Indian cinema derives its concept of real
from the poets of yore.
(d) Archetypes presented in Indian cinema
were mimetic of the heroes of hollywood.
19. Which of the following statements is/are
correct according to the passage?
1. Indian movies found it difficult to break
age old traditions and eternal values.
2. Movies adapted morality to the times in
which they were made.
3. Movies in 1930's and 1940's saw an
emergence of strong women.
4. Movies presenting strong women in 1930's
and 1940's were considered non
conformist.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 4 (b) 3 & 4
(c) Only 2 (d) 2 & 3
Passage - VI
Brazil's recent decision to impose a two per cent tax
on portfolio inflows has wide ranging implications
for global finance and for countries such as India.
The move is aimed at arresting the sharp appreciation
of its currency, the Real, which since the beginning
of the year has gained 36 per cent against the dollar,
undermining Brazil's export competitiveness. This is
not the first time that a major developing country
has imposed restrictions on foreign inflows. In 1998,
during the Asian currency crisis, Malaysia defied
financial orthodoxy and imposed controls in a
successful attempt to curb currency speculation,
which devastated many of its neighbors. Until
recently, Chile, the most successful of the Latin
American economies, had required a portion of the
foreign investment flows to be kept in an interest-
free account with its central bank for a fixed period.
The intention behind such controls is to keep a check
on footloose global capital that, given both its large
volumes and propensity to move in and out of a
country in a matter of seconds, threatens
macroeconomic management. It also signals a desire
to be less dependent on certain types of foreign
capital that is less stable. Over the medium-term, if
properly implemented, these curbs could add to the
repertoire of weapons that governments deploy to
prevent asset bubbles.

The intellectual basis for the tax is found in the work
of the influential U.S. economist and Nobel prize
winner, James Tobin who in the early 1970s proposed
a small tax - even as low as 0.1 per cent - on foreign
exchange transactions to reduce volatility in the
markets. Until the Asian crisis, the idea was not
popular and even after that it had only sporadic
political support. Recently, however, the G20 has
asked the IMF to examine such proposals. Well
endowed with natural resources, Brazil is having a
commodity boom and is among the first countries to
come out of the recession. Prudent macroeconomic
management over the years has delivered low
inflation and created a large middle class. As with
India, Brazil's attractiveness to foreign portfolio
investors has not been an unmixed blessing. The
rupee, like the Brazilian real, has gone up
significantly against the dollar. The very large
dependence of the stock market on these portfolio
flows has been a major cause for concern. The RBI
has been assessing the various flows on the basis of
their liquidity profiles and risks. The time for a Tobin
tax in India may not have come but its underlying
principle can no longer be dismissed as being
retrograde and impractical.
20. Which of the following statements is/are
correct according to the above passage?
1. Brazil has imposed a two percent tax to
curb exports.
2. Brazil has imposed a two percent tax to
curb imports.
3. Brazil has imposed a two percent tax to
encourage investments.
4. Brazil has imposed a two percent tax to
boost exports.
Select the correct code:
(a) Only 1 & 4 (b) Only 2 & 3
(c) Only 3 (d) Only 4
21. Which of the following control measure had
Chile adopted?
(a) Imposed tax on unstable currencies to
control inflow.
(b) Control flow of capital by routing it
through the central bank.
(c) Pegging its currency to macroeconomic
indicators.
(d) Lower interest rates for foreign
investments.
22. Which of the followings statement is true
according to the passage?
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(a) Underlying principal of the tobin tax is
that high exposure of domestic markets
to global currencies leaves room for large
speculative movements disturbing
macroeconomic environment.
(b) Underlying principal of the tobin tax is
that countries with huge commodity
exports and buying power to attract
imports see huge fluctuation in currency.
(c) Underlying principal of the tobin tax is
that robust stock markets in emerging
nations attract huge capital inflows
disturbing domestic currency.
(d) Underlying principal of the tobin tax is
that unmetered foreign investment inflows
lead to macroeconimic problems such as
inflation.
23. Which of the following statements are correct
according to the passage?
1. Brazil and India are similar as both are
largely dependent on commodity exports.
2. Brazil and India both attract huge foreign
capital inflows into their stock market.
3. Brazil and India both deal with the double
edged sword of foreign inflows, that is,
increasing prices and increasing buying
power.
4. Brazil and India were both able to manage
their macroeconomic environment so as
to come out of the recession relatively
unscathed.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 3 & 4
(c) 1 & 3 (d) 2 & 3
Passage - VII
Ubiquitous economic actions are often not studied
enough. One such instance is the everyday process
of people moving across international boundaries -
either as students, workers, refugees or asylum-
seekers. The World Migration Report, which
estimates that the number of international migrants
will swell from 214 million in 2010 to about 405
million by 2050, makes important and inter-related
points. Despite a current slowdown owing to the
global economic crisis, the international movement
of people will continue. Consequently, there needs
to be a focus on building capacities across states to
support sustainable migration. One of the
undercurrents directing the future of international
migration is the expected slower growth in labour
force in developed economies (where its strength is

projected to remain at about 600 million until 2050),
compared with the less developed countries (where
it is expected to increase from 2.4 billion in 2005 to
3.6 billion in 2040). It is thus clear that the attention
of policymakers should be aimed at putting in place
structures providing for sustainable international
migration.
Creating such systems requires the generation of key
and accurate data, particularly relating to migration
and labour market. Also useful would be properly
defined national migration policies and priorities. For
example, assessments of a country's work
requirements, the expected areas of shortages, and
the manner of sourcing them through international
migrants can be made available. This, in turn, would
help in the mainstreaming of migration into domestic
and international policies. This is presently lacking
in many countries. However, one welcome change
is in the mindset of countries that complained of
"brain drain" -they now see migrants as a source of
economic value. Remittances by migrants, at $414
billion in 2009, are also set to increase, offering
governments an opportunity to dovetail domestic
development and, possibly, poverty reduction plans
to such inflows. The report's observation that
remittances have surpassed official developmental
assistance in most of the non-rich world, barring sub-
Saharan Africa, points to a positive outcome of
migration for developing countries. There are
attempts internationally to identify meaningful ways
of channelling remittances towards development.
India, which got $49,256 million by way of
remittances in 2009 - the highest for any country -
has a great opportunity to make the best of its
enduring strength: an internationally productive
labour force.
24. Which statements are correct according to the
above passage?
1. International migration is a current and
sustaining threat for developed nations.
2. International migration is not limited to a
handful of nation, but is an omnipresent
phenomenon.
3. Increased international migration is
spurred by globalization.
4. More focus needs to be laid on developing
capacities for balancing supply and
demand of international migration to the
requisite industries.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 3 (b) 2 & 4
(c) Only 3 (d) 1 & 4
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25. What is expected to drive international
migration?
(a) Political instability driving refugees and
asylum seekers.
(b) Opportunities for students and workers.
(c) Disparity in growth of labour in
developed and developing nations.
(d) Economic growth in developing nations
versus ongoing recession in the developed
world.
26. What is a present roadblock in leveraging
International migration?
(a) Most of the nations have no defined
policies for driving migrant workers
toward the requisite industries.
(b) Nations are more focused on developing
avenues for domestic migration.
(c) Lack of data relaying numbers and
reasons behind migration with clarity.
(d) Developing nations holding onto their
prejudices against exporting talent or brain
drain.
27. Which of the following statements are correct
according to the passage?
1. India accounts for a major share of global
remittances.
2. Developmental assistance in nations needs
to grow in line with remittances.
3. Governments need to chalk out plans for
utilizing the sizable remittances in a
productive manner.
4. Increase in global remittances can only
be driven by requisite policy changes.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 4
(b) 3 & 4
(c) 1 & 3
(d) 2 & 3
Passage - VIII
Tunisia's President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is facing
the toughest test of his 23-year reign, with severe
public unrest over rising food prices and
unemployment as focal points. Protests have been
intensifying since December 17, when police
confiscated fruits and vegetables sold without a
permit by a young graduate who had no other means

of earning a living. The young man's consequent self-
immolation caused his death, provoking disturbances
in which public buildings as well as offices of the
ruling party, the Constitutional Democratic Rally
(RCD), were attacked. Violent clashes between the
police and groups, mainly of students who face high
levels of graduate unemployment, have spread
across the country from the western town of
SidiBouzaid, where the self-immolation occurred. All
schools and universities are closed, and news
clampdowns have only fuelled rumours. As the
government controls the press, including privately
owned newspapers and broadcasters, reliable details
of casualties from police shooting are impossible to
obtain. But trade unions and opposition leaders
speak of a rising toll, upwards of 20 deaths.
The protests signify much else besides the Tunisian
public's anger over prices and jobs. First, they frontally
challenge the World Economic Forum claim that
Tunisia's growth rate of 4.5 per cent makes it the
most competitive economy in Africa. Secondly, the
advances in women's rights, including an end to
polygamy and the introduction of universal
compulsory free education, are largely inheritances
from Mr. Ben Ali's predecessor, Habib Bourguiba.
Thirdly, Tunisia has been shown up to be one of the
most authoritarian states in the world. But the
European Union as well as the former colonial power
, France, have responded to the latest developments
in low key, presumably because Mr. Ben Ali is an
important partner for their policy of blocking
immigration from North Africa. The main issues,
however, are specifically Tunisian. While
neighbouring Algeria responded to protests by
cutting taxes on sugar and cooking oil, Mr. Ben Ali
called the protesters "hooded hooligans" and "hostile
elements on foreign payrolls, who have sold their
souls to extremism and terrorism." Since then he has
shown at least some recognition of the nature of the
crisis; he has sacked his Interior Minister and formed
a committee to investigate corruption. That, however,
could be too little too late. The strongman is caught
up in a deep political crisis; if he cannot produce
quick and decisive improvement on all fronts, the
Tunisian people might well take their state back into
their own hands.
28. What was the underlying cause of the violent
protest in Tunisia?
1. Dissatisfaction with high levels of
unemployment and inflation.
2. Self immolation by a young student left
with no means of survival.
3. Authoritarian nature of the Tunisian
Government.
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4. Repeated attempts of the Government to
play these protests as insignificant.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 3
(b) 2 & 4
(c) Only 3
(d) All
29. Why did the European Countries downplay
the Tunisian protests?
(a) The underlying reasons for the protests
are inherently Tunisian.
(b) The power to take back the government
lies with the People.
(c) Tunisia is an important clog in the African
Policies.
(d) There is high level of Immigration between
Tunisia and Europe.
30. Which statement is in accordance with the
passage?
(a) The protests highlight the disparity in the
actual conditions and the highly skewed
view of progress given by the government.
(b) The government can afford to turn a blind
eye to the protests as it controls the armed
forces and the media.
(c) The government has identified corruption
as the main cause for the economic issues
in the country.
(d) The protests were fuelled further by the
false claims on women development made
by the government.
Passage - IX
The Supreme Court order on the appointment of
Information Commissioners has had an unsettling
effect on the working of the Right to Information
Act, an elegant seven-year old law that has
immeasurably empowered the average citizen. What
was designed as an easy-to-use legal tool for the poor
and weak may now be at risk of getting tangled in a
web of complexity. The Court has, inter alia, ruled
that the competent authority should prefer a person
who is or has been a judge of the High Court for
appointment as Information Commissioners, while
the head of the Information Commissions at the
Centre or State shall only be a person who is or has
been a Chief Justice of a High Court or a Judge of
the Supreme Court. The reasoning is that these bodies
perform judicial and quasi-judicial functions and
such qualifications are essential to meet the ends of

justice. The decision comes in the wake of complaints
that the system of appointing Information
Commissioners lacks transparency. That is true. Some
States follow a closed-door appointments process,
packing Commissions with favoured bureaucrats
and political loyalists. Yet, the scale of the remedy is
excessive. By specifying qualifications for
appointments and instituting new working
methodologies for Commissions, which it wants
legislated, the court clearly intrudes into executive
privilege.
The RTI Act has escaped many attempts by the
Centre to whittle down its scope, with civil society
rising to its defence each time. Given the culture of
secrecy and pervasive corruption, the law is a
nightmare for many in authority. But it has
weathered the test of judicial scrutiny. Major
questions on its scope have been decided by the
courts, including high profile issues such as the
judges' assets case. Also, the majority of appeals
before Information Commissions are those filed by
citizens seeking simple information. The exceptions
on disclosure under Section 8 of the RTI Act are clear,
and the law leaves all other information held by
public authorities open - there is little scope there for
judicial interpretation. In any case, several orders of
the Commissions in favour of citizens are challenged
by officials in regular courts. So far, the appellate
process has been refreshingly uncomplicated, as the
applicant can appear in person, without the need
for advocates, and the proceedings are in plain
language. If poor citizens have to appear before a
bench that has a judicial member and face lawyers
employed by public authorities, the resulting
asymmetry of power would clearly defeat the
purpose of the law. The Supreme Court is correct in
calling for due advertisement and a rational basis
for appointments to Commissions. But it should leave
that task to Parliament to execute.
31. Identify the correct statements according to
the passage.
1. Supreme court has decided to bring the
RTI under the ambit of the courts.
2. The court appointed commissioners will
simplify the process of filing RTI's.
3. The Information commissioners make also
perform functions of a judicial nature.
4. Currently there is no uniform method of
appointing Information Commisioners.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 3 (b) 2 & 4
(c) 3 & 4 (d) None
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32. According to the passage.
(a) There is constant battle between the centre
and civil society deciding the ambit of the
RTI act.
(b) There is constant battle between the centre
and courts deciding the ambit of the RTI
act.
(c) The scope of the RTI has purposefully been
kept arbitrary.
(d) The call on the scope of RTI has to be taken
on a case to case basis.
33. Which statement is in accordance with the
passage
(a) The long legal proceedings challenging
information demanded in an RTI acts as a
deterrent.
(b) The Legal process to be followed incase of
challenging and RTI is to protect bodies
under section 8 of the act.
(c) The legal proceedings to be followed incase
an RTI is challenged have been simplified
to make them more accessible to the
common man.
(d) There are no set legal proceedings to be
followed incase information requested in
an RTI is not to be disclosed.
Passage - X
The year 2013 will widely be known as the one in
which whistle-blower Edward Snowden told us that
powerful governments had pierced the cover of
privacy that is so dear to us and which is at the core
of free expression. The Indian government's position,
in 2011, at the United Nations General Assembly
(UNGA), and yet again in November 2013 in another
U.N. meeting, has been to demand "a multilateral
body for the formulation of international Internet
related public policies." The government would like
this body to be under the aegis of the U.N. "with all
stakeholders and relevant international
organizations in 'advisory capacity' within their
respective roles."
There is no denying that the current Internet
Governance (IG) framework is imperfect, especially
with the U.S.'s strong influence and legal proximity
to IG-related mechanisms - all these need to be
transformed for the Internet to become more
democratic and inclusive. Given the emerging issues
and the changing nature of the conflicts, and the
fact that the discourse within the IG space is broken,
these existing processes cannot address these
10

concerns sufficiently. A lot of fixing, enabling and
rethinking and even strengthening is required. The
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN), is a good place to start;
decentralisation and renegotiating ICANN's cozy
relationship with the U.S., as rightly pointed out by
the EU, are some of the steps that need to be
undertaken. However, the position taken by India
will only take global IG out of the frying pan into the
fire, from the "influence" of one country to the control
of global governments who, consistent with the U.N.
Charter, will make all decisions behind closed doors,
with hardly any voice for other stakeholders or
participation in active, meaningful dialogue, leave
alone decision-making.
While the U.N. does excellent work in peacekeeping
and developing friendly relations among nations, it
has severe limitations of expertise, speed, and above
all, transparency, when it comes to decisions related
to Internet policy.
34. What is India's stand on internet piracy?
1. The internet policies need to be
standardized across borders
2. The policy level decisions for the internet
need to be driven by the UN
3. Internet related policy needs to be
prioritized so that we do not have more
cases like Edward Snowden
4. UN is the only body with expertize to
drive internet related policy.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 4
(c) Only 3 (d) All
35. Who is Edward Snowden?
(a) He highlighted the need for a uniform
internet policy by uncovering the level of
intrusion of government bodies in our
privacy.
(b) He highlighted the lack for a uniform
internet policy by uncovering the level of
intrusion of government bodies in our
privacy.
(c) He highlighted the farce of internet laws
by uncovering the level of intrusion of
government bodies in our privacy.
(d) He highlighted that the ambit of current
internet laws are not enough to preserve
our privacy.
36. Which statement is in accordance with the
passage?
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1. The current Internet Governance
framework is skewed towards the US
goverment.
2. The current Internet Governance
framework has no room for a liberal
democratic dialogue.
3. The current Internet Governance
framework cannot keep up with the
dynamic nature of the internet.
4. There is room for a lot more dialogue to
develop a robust and independent
Internet governance framework.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1, 2 & 3 (b) 2, 3 & 4
(c) 3 & 4 (d) 1, 3 & 4
37. The current body for IG, ICANN is considered
inept because -
(a) Its inability to keep up with the ever
changing face of the internet.
(b) Its inability to discourse on relevance of a
democratic liberal IG framework.
(c) Strong influence of the main perpetrators
of Internet intrusion.
(d) Misrepresentation of weaker nations in
the body.
Passage - XI
The opposition boycott of the December 1
parliamentary elections in Kuwait has been followed
by peaceful protests in which tens of thousands have
supported opposition claims that an October 19
change to the electoral law giving each voter one
vote instead of the previous four is unconstitutional
and that the newly elected parliament, the 50-seat
Majles al-Ummah, therefore has no popular
legitimacy. The protesters' case is strengthened by
the fact that election officials put the turnout at 43
per cent, which is itself much lower than the usual
60 per cent. The opposition parties also contend that
the changed law gerrymanders the result in favour
of pro-government candidates; the government, on
the other hand, says the result enables better
cooperation between the executive and the legislature
- but the Emir appoints the Council of Ministers, of
whom 16 also sit in the Majles. For the record, the
parties which boycotted the election have been hit
hard. In addition, the three largest Bedouin tribes,
which had as many as 17 seats in previous
assemblies, now have only one. Second, the new
assembly will contain 17 members of the minority
Shia community, who form 30 per cent of the 1.2
million native Kuwaiti population; three women

have won seats, but four of the earlier assembly were
women.
The recent developments constitute a key
development in the Kuwaiti people's campaign for
democracy, which predates the Arab Spring by five
years or so. The Kuwaiti public have for some time
shown what they think, with demonstrations which
had swelled to 50,000 people by November 2011;
their suspicions deepened when, in June 2012, the
constitutional court annulled the February elections,
in which Islamist opposition candidates had won up
to 34 seats, and reinstated the earlier parliament;
subsequent protests numbered 100,000. The
reinstated body tried to meet in July and August,
but a majority of members stayed away.
Furthermore, the leading opposition politician
Mussallam al-Barak was arrested for "undermining
the status of the Emir" by criticising him in public.
Mr. al-Barak was given bail, but faces a potential
five-year jail term. The ruling al-Sabah family
appears to be avoiding the full political implications
of the current unrest; the Emir's replacement of the
Prime Minister, a relative, with another relative will
not convince the public. Neither will the $108-bn
plan to diversify the oil-dependent economy assuage
the demands for political reform. The Kuwaiti public
rightly demand genuine representative democracy,
and given that democracy has penetrated deeper in
Kuwait than it has done in many other Gulf
countries, a constitutional monarchy would be a
pioneering and constructive creation.
38. Why did the opposition claim the election as
unconstitutional?
1. Implementation of a new law giving a
single vote per voter.
2. Misrepresentation of minority com-
munities such as Shia and women in the
parliament.
3. Current government has not been elected
by majority in absolute numbers.
4. Close association between the reigning
Monarch and the elected council of
members.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 3
(b) 2 & 4
(c) Only 3
(d) All
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39. Arrange the events in Chronological order.
1. Election under the recently implemented
electoral law takes place giving skewed
results.
2. The courts do not accept the verdict of
the election leading to protesters swelling
over 100,000.
3. Kuwaiti people begin voicing the demand
for democracy with over 50,000 people
joining the protest.
4. Election shows the will of the people with
opposition parties winning a thumping
majority.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1, 2, 3 then 4
(b) 3, 1, 4 then 2
(c) 3, 4, 2 then 1
(d) 3, 2, 1 then 4
40. Which actions of the ruling family seem
unacceptable to the people?
1. Undermining the will of the people
through manipulating elections.
2. Making key economic decisions with long
term implications such as diversification
of oil.
3. Imprisonment of the leader of opposition.
4. Ensuring only their close associates are
elected as the Prime Minister.
Select the correct code:
(a) 2 & 4
(b) 2, 3 & 4
(c) 3 & 4
(d) 1, 3 & 4
41. According to the passage which would be the
best steps forward for Kuwait?
(a) Ensuring that the leader of opposition is
freed of all charges and free and fair
elections take place.
(b) Ensuring that the true sense of democracy
is established and The Emir winning
elections to rule.
(c) Reinstating the old electoral law and
ensuring true representation of minorities
through free and fair elections.
(d) The Emir taking up the role of a figure
head making way for true democracy.
12

Passage - XII
The ministerial declaration issued by India, Bhutan,
Nepal, and Bangladesh addressing food, water,
energy, and biodiversity concerns in the Himalayan
region is a welcome initiative to protect this
biodiversity-rich mountain range. The vast area faces
a variety of problems that directly affect the local
communities, and threaten ecosystem services
provided to millions of people in neighbouring
countries. Some of the serious issues that need urgent
attention are accelerated forest loss, soil erosion,
resource degradation, and loss of habitat and
biodiversity. Climate change is a major source of
worry, and needs intensive study because of its
potential for severe ecological damage. It is a step
forward therefore that four countries in the
subcontinent convened the Climate Summit for a
Living Himalayas in Bhutan and evolved a
consensus-based mitigation effort primarily for the
eastern part. The task before the signatories is to build
institutions that will pursue research and share
knowledge, beginning with a centre for the study of
climate change. Sustained effort is necessary to
achieve the key goals: access to reliable and
affordable energy; food and water security;
demarcation of connected conservation spaces; and
sustainable use of biodiversity for poverty alleviation.
The Himalayan region includes many climatic
systems: tropical, sub-tropical, temperate, and alpine.
Thanks to sheer inaccessibility, this remote and
difficult landscape has mostly escaped the ill-effects
of the industrial farming system, such as pesticide
and insecticide use and the introduction of hybrid
or transgenic crops. Himalayan biodiversity provides
a resource base for an estimated 80 million people,
mostly subsistence farmers and pastoral
communities. The challenge is to provide strong
support systems to help them adapt to climate
change. And yet data that can aid conservation of
biodiversity are far from comprehensive. India, for
instance, acknowledged at the summit that an
inventory of the Eastern Himalayas, the target region
for protection, at the level of genes, species, ecosystem,
and landscape is yet to be completed. This task can
brook no delay. The Himalayas form part of global
natural heritage, and the U.N. Framework
Convention on Climate Change must provide
substantial funding for research, capacity-building,
and preservation. It is also important to harness
traditional knowledge and get local communities to
participate in conservation programmes. A good
example of this is the protection plan for snow
leopards in India's Spiti valley. The Himalaya
protection programme can achieve even more, if
Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan join the initiative.
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42. Which of the following statements is/are
correct according to the above passage?
1. The main reason for degradation of the
Himalayan ecosystem is presence of
pollutants such as pesticides.
2. The main reason for degradation of the
Himalayan ecosystem is increasing
encroachment by humans.
3. The main reason for degradation of the
Himalayan ecosystem accelerated forest
loss.
4. The main reason for degradation of the
Himalayan ecosystem is rapidly changing
climate.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 & 3 (b) 2 & 3
(c) Only 3 (d) Only 4
43. Which one of the following statement is in
accordance with the passage?
(a) India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh
convened the climate Summit to
demarcate areas of responsibility for
improving the Himalayan ecosystem.
(b) India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh
convened the climate Summit to assess
the extent of damage to the Himalayan
biodiversity.
(c) India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh
convened the climate Summit to jointly
develop policies for improving the
Himalayan ecosystem.
(d) India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh
convened the climate Summit jointly
appeal to the UNFCCC for increased
funding to protect Himalayas.
44. Which of the following statements are true in
regards to the Himalayas?
1. The Himalayas house a rich and varied
plant and animal life as they house many
climatic systems.
2. The Himalayas run through India, Nepal,
Bhutan and Bangladesh.
3. Farming on many stretches of Himalayas
is still done by conventional methods.
4. More than 80 million people depend on
the Himalayas for their livelihood.
Select the correct code:
(a) 1, 3 & 4 (c) 2, 3 & 4
(c) 1, 2 & 3 (d) 1, 2 & 4

45. Which of the following should not be a step
forward in the conservation of the Himalayas?
(a) Assessment of the current biodiversity that
is status of plant animal life, soil and
water resources.
(b) Calling out clear responsibilities for other
nations which are stakeholders such as
Pakistan, China, Afghanistan.
(c) Involving the International organizations
into contributing towards conservation of
Himalayas.
(d) Ensuring that all the policies and decisions
are taken with the opinions and inputs of
the local communities.
Passage - XIII
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological
evolution has shaped not only human morphology
but also human behavior. The role those
anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating
the details of human behavior but one of imposing
constraints - ways of feeling, thinking, and acting
that ''come naturally'' in archetypal situations in any
culture. Our ''frailties'' - emotions and motives such
as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love-may be
a very mixed assortment quality: we are, as we say,
'in the grip'' of them. And thus they give us our sense
of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties - our need for ever-
increasing security among them - are presently
maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural
detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,
and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.
We would need to comprehend thoroughly their
adaptive origins in order to understand how badly
they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist
their pressure.
46. The author implies that control to any extent
over the ''frailties'' that constrain our behavior
is thought to presuppose.
(a) That those frailties and adaptive are
recognized as currently beneficial and
adaptive.
(b) That there is little or no overlay of cultural
detail that masks their true nature.
(c) That there are cultures in which those
frailties do not ''come naturally'' and from
which such control can be learned.
(d) A full understanding of why those frailties
evolved and of how they function now.
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47. It can be inferred that in his discussion of
maladaptive frailties the author assumes that.
(a) Evolution does not favor the emergence
of adaptive characteristics over the
emergence of maladaptive ones.
(b) Changes in the total human environment
can outpace evolutionary change.
(c) Maladaptive characteristics, once fixed,
make the emergence of other maladaptive
characteristics more likely.
(d) The designation of a characteristic as being
maladaptive must always remain highly
tentative.
48. The primary purpose of the passage is to
present.
(a) A position on the foundations of human
behavior and on what those foundations
imply.
(b) A theory outlining the parallel
development of human morphology and
of human behavior.
(c) A diagnostic test for separating
biologically determined behavior patters
from culture - specific detail.
(d) An overview of those human emotions
and motive's that impose constraints on
human behavior.
Passage - XIV
Studies of the factors governing reading
development in young children have achieved a
remarkable degree of consensus over the past two
decades. This consensus concerns the causal role of
phonological skills in young children's reading
progress. Children who have good phonological
skills, or good phonological awareness become good
readers and good spellers. Children with poor
phonological skills progress more poorly. In
particular, those who have a specific phonological
deficit are likely to be classified as dyslexic by the
time that they are 9 or 10 years old.
Phonological skills in young children can be
measured at a number of different levels. The term
phonological awareness is a global one, and refers
to a deficit in recognizing smaller units of sound
within spoken words. Developmental work has
shown that this deficit can be at the level of syllables,
of onsets and rimes, or of phonemes. For example, a
4-year old child might have difficulty in recognizing
that a word like valentine has three syllables,
suggesting the lack of syllabic awareness. A 5-year
old child might have difficulty in recognizing that
the odd word out in set of words fan, cat, hat, mat is
14

fan. This task requires an awareness of the sub-
syllabic units of the onset and the rime. The onset
corresponds to any initial consonants in a syllable,
and the rime corresponds to the vowel and to any
following consonants. Rimes correspond to rhyme
in single-syllable words, and so the rime in fan differs
from the rime in cat, hat, and mat. In longer words,
rime and rhyme may differ. The onsets in val : en :
tine are/v/and/t/, and the rimes correspond to the
spelling patterns.
A 6-year old might have difficulty in recognizing that
plea and pray begin with the same initial sound. This
is phonemic judgment. Although the initial phoneme
/ p / is shared between the two words, in plea it is
part of the onset and in pray it is part of the onset.
Until children can segment the onset (or the rime),
such phonemic judgments are difficult for them to
make. In fact, a recent survey of different
developmental studies has shown that the different
levels of phonological awareness appear to emerge
sequentially. The awareness of syllables, onsets, and
rimes appears to emerge at around the ages of 3 and
4, long before most children go to school. The
awareness of phonemes, on the other hand usually
emerges at around the age of 5 or 6, when children
have been taught to read for about a year. An
awareness of onsets and rimes thus appears to be a
precursor of reading, whereas an awareness of
phonemes at very serial position in a word only
appears to develop as reading is taught. The onset-
rime and phonemic levels of phonological structure,
however, are not distinct. Many onsets in English
are single phonemes, and so are some rimes (e.g.,
sea, go, zoo).
The early availability of onsets and rimes is supported
by studies that have compared the development of
phonological awareness of onsets, rimes, and
phonemes in the same subjects using the same
phonological awareness tasks. For example, a study
by Treiman and Zudowski used as same-different
judgement task based on the beginning or the end

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sounds of words. In the beginning sound task, the
words either began with the same onset, as in plea
and plank, or shared only the initial phoneme, as in
plea and pray. In the end-sound task, the words
either shared the entire rime, as in spit and wit, or
shared only the final phoneme, as in rat and wit.
Treiman and Zudowski showed that 4- and 5- year
old children found the onset-rime version of the same
/different task significantly easier than the version
based on phonemes. Only the 6 year olds, who had
been learning to read for about a year, were able to
perform both versions of the tasks with an equal level
of success.
49. What is the purpose of the writer behind
writing this passage?
(a) To analyze the phonological awareness
and its levels in children that can affect
their reading process.
(b) To introspect deep into the psychology of
a child and find out the capabilities of 3
to 6 year olds.
(c) To trace the skills of a child to recognize
different words of a language.
(d) To compare the development of reading
skills amongst children in good and poor
readers.
50. Which of the following statements is
supported by the passage?
(a) A child's ability of reading is independent
of his phonological skills.
(b) Syllables, onsets, rimes and phonemes are
the smaller components of sound from
which words are formed.
(c) The development of phonological
awareness is independent of factors like
age.
(d) Phonological awareness adds to the
ability of clear speech of a child.

Reading Comprehension
ANSWERS
1. (b)
Exp: Author has explained briefly in the second
paragraph about relationship between
Rights and Duties. Starting with the true
source of right is duties. If we all discharge
our duties, right will not be far to seek. If
leaving duties unperformed we ran after
rights as, Option B is the correct option.
Above mentioned lines delivers the actual
sense of -'Rights emanate from duties' but
'Men though not born equal can become
equal by proper governance' nowhere
codified in the passage.
2. (d)
Exp: First three given options deliver the correct
meaning mentioned in the passage. Rather
one should not be confused with 'double
negation' used while asking the question.
3. (c)
Exp: Option C is the best option among all as,
mentioned in the third paragraph-
everyone is his own ruler, he runs himself
in such a manner that he is never hindrance
to his neighbors that, the government is bets
which governs the least.
4. (a)
Exp: Initial three option straightly describe in the
passage. As 1 st code has mentioned in
second paragraph, 2 nd in the third
Answers
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paragraph and 3 rd code in the 4 th
paragraph stating democracy only be an
outcome of non- violence.
Author's idea reflect in the fourth
paragraph as, while we are born equal,
meaning that we have a right to equal
opportunity, all have not the same capacity.
So, code 4 should be getting eliminated from
the given options.
5. (c)
Exp: Author illustrate, both the given statement
in the passage -cultural activities and
services are helping in earning valuable
foreign exchange as well as cultural services
create a sense of national identity, so,
option C is the correct.
6. (a)
7. (d)
Exp: While applying the elimination technique,
first three options are clearly scoop as
mention the first paragraph author stated
that- cultural activities includes as writers,
publishers, librarians, photographers,
sculptors, painters, musicians, singers,
choreographers, dancers and actors.
Also in the third paragraph, creative
industry includes cultural heritage; printed
matter and literature; music and
performing arts; visual arts; audio-visual
media including cinema, television, radio
[1]

and photography, and socio-cultural
activities; museum and archives.
Whereas, last option talk about tourism in
India.
8. (c)
Exp: The author express in his viewpoint begins
with first two options- as, to meet the
objective of preserving and promoting all
forms of art and culture, a variety of
activities are being undertaken by the
Government of India, ranging from
protecting and encouraging, cultural
endeavors at grassroots level to promoting
cultural exchanges internationally. Since it
is mentioned hindmost in the second
paragraph as, there are also a large number
of schemes and programmes to extend
financial support to individuals, and
cultural organizations engaged in
performing, visual and literary arts.
9. (c)
Exp: Option C is the correct answer since, the
author begins with - it is difficult to come
across monolinguals in our country, we also
mix languages, almost unconsciously, in our
everyday speech. Further he added,
Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavatas
in different languages, including tribal and
folk versions.
10. (d)
Exp: Option D is the best option as in the passage
the writer explains the meaning of
translating consciousness , and its everyday
use as multilingual define at least it was,
until English medium education began to
weaken gradually and destroy command
over mother tongues of Indians.
11. (d)
Exp: Describing foundation of rich literature of
India, in rearmost part of the first
paragraph, writer announce that the
Ramayanas of Pampa, Kamban,
Ezhuthachan, Molla, Premananda, Eknath,
Balarama Das, Kritibas, Tulsidas or
Madhava Kandali, were taken to be neither
translations nor even adaptations but
considered original works as they were the
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most brilliant manifestations of the genius
of their respective languages so, option D
is Probable Answer.
12. (c)
Exp: Option C is the correct answer as author
has stated in the initial paragraph that, how
can a nation cast in a modern, liberal
democratic framework, with a Constitution
held up as a model to emulate and laws
that match the best in the world, tolerate
the ugly phenomenon of khap (caste)
panchayats with their kangaroo court-style
instant justice?
And further in the last author leave in the
question, ark that Without a change in this
reactionary attitude, India will remain a
country that ritually holds elections but
falls way short of a truly modern, liberal
democracy.
Whereas, in the beginning of the passage it
stated as, Sardar Patel, the architect of
States' unification, was worried that Indian
democracy would prove transient so, first
two options are automatically get
eliminated.
13. (b)
Exp: Option B is the correct answer because in
the beginning of the passage author stated
that Sardar Patel, the architect of States'
unification, was worried that Indian
democracy would prove transient: "Almost
overnight we have introduced …the
superstructure of a modern system of
government… unless the transplanted
growth takes a healthy root in the soil, there
will be a danger of collapse and chaos.
14. (c)
Exp: Here, one should go with the eliminating
options choices as, Option B and D is
logically goes against the authors say.
Remaining Option A and C are the
probable answers as, the words
'undemocratic and unconstitutional' stated
in the last passage as, However, any
enhancement of the legal architecture must
be complemented by social enlightenment
for results to prove enduring. The khaps
Answers

have become a law unto themselves because
of social and political support.
15. (d)
Exp: Option D is the best suited answer because;
code 3 will go with the- 'Several remedial
measures have been suggested to rein in the
khap panchyats, including a separate
section in the Indian Penal Code', At a
recent khap mahapanchayat, members had
the temerity to demand a new law to
prevent same-gotra marriages.
Further Code 2 will go with the readings-
However, any enhancement of the legal
architecture must be complemented by
social enlightenment for results to prove
enduring. The khaps have become a law
unto themselves because of social and
political support.
16. (d)
Exp: Option D is correct as, code 1 and 4 is the
best narration while considering the
elimination method.
Code 2 go totally against as per the author
as he stated-'but the new millennium has
seen melodrama being abandoned as the
dominant form'.
17. (b)
Exp: Author stated in the middle of t he first
paragraph that, as Hollywood tried to be-
and the world it posited followed Indian
poetics in the belief that the artistically
created world is not subordinate to reality
but actually greater than it, or that it is
"truer than the real". Rather than
portraying the world as it "was", popular
cinema tried to show it as "it should be".
So, Option B is the correct one.
18. (a)
Exp: Option A is the correct answer as author
stated in the first paragraph that, Popular
Hindi cinema has been considered escapist
but, paradoxically, it has also been
sententious, inevitably giving moral
instruction to the spectator.
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19. (c)
Exp: Author stated in the last paragraph as-
among the earliest motifs in Hindi cinema
is representing one of the strong women as
a moral exemplar in the "reformist" films
of the 1930s and early 1940s. So code 3 is
the correct one.
In the middle of the first paragraph, it is
stated as- movies portrays extreme
situations and actions, overt villainy, the
persecution of the good and the final
reward of virtue, inflated or extravagant
expression and abrupt changes in fortune
to affirm that the world is governed by a
moral order. So, Option D is the best suited
answer.
20. (d)
Exp: Option D is the correct answer as author
stated in very beginning of the passage, that
-Brazil's recent decision to impose a two per
cent tax on portfolio inflows has wide
ranging implications for global finance and
for countries such as India.
21. (b)
Exp: Author stated in the middle of the first
paragraph that, Chile, the most successful
of the Latin American economies, had
required a portion of the foreign investment
flows to be kept in an interest-free account
with its central bank for a fixed period. So,
option B is correct.
22. (a)
Exp: Option A is the best suited option as, in
middle of the second paragraph, author
stated that how the Brazilian economy was
overcome through recession with the help
of Tobin tax.
23. (b)
24. (a)
25. (c)
26. (a)
Exp: Option A is correct one as, author stated in
the beginning of the second paragraph- it
is also useful would be properly defined
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national migration policies and priorities as
the mainstreaming of migration into
domestic and international policies which
is presently lacking in many countries.
27. (d)
Exp: Option D is best suited option as, in rear
part of the passage it is clearly stated that,
Remittances by migrants, at $414 billion in
2009, are also set to increase, offering
governments an opportunity to dovetail
domestic development and, possibly,
poverty reduction plans to such inflows.
Remittances have surpassed official
developmental assistance in most of the
non-rich world.
28. (d)
29. (c)
Exp: Option C is the correct answer as author
stated in the middle of the second
paragraph, European Union as well as the
former colonial power, France, have
responded to the latest developments in low
key, presumably because Mr. Ben Ali is an
important partner for their policy of
blocking immigration from North Africa.
30. (a)
31. (c)
Exp: Option C is the best suited answer because,
in the first paragraph code 3 &4 has
included as the, body of the information
commissioner has to performed judicial and
quasi-judicial functions and such
qualifications are essential to meet the ends
of justice. Further author stated in the rear
part of the first paragraph mentioned as,
by specifying qualifications for
appointments and instituting new working
methodologies for Commissions, which it
wants legislated.
32. (a)
Exp: Option A is the correct answer as, beginning
of the second paragraph author stated that
the RTI Act has escaped many attempts by
the Centre to whittle down its scope, with
civil society rising to its defense each time.
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33. (c)
34. (a)
35. (c)
36. (d)
Exp: Option D is the correct answer as there is
no mentioned about the liberal democratic
dialogue.
37. (c)
Exp: Option C is the best suited answer as,
author has mentioned in the begging of the
second paragraph that there is no denying
that the current Internet Governance (IG)
framework is imperfect, especially with the
U.S.'s strong influence and legal proximity
to IG-related mechanisms - all these need
to be transformed for the Internet to
become more democratic and inclusive.
38. (a)
Exp: Option A is the correct answer as author
stated in the first paragraph that, to the
electoral law giving each voter one vote
instead of the previous four is
unconstitutional and has no popular
legitimacy.
39. (c)
40. (a)
Exp: Option A is the correct answer as author
stated in the third paragraph that,
implications of current political unrest is due
to the Emir's replacement of the Prime
Minister, a relative; with another relative
and the neither will the $108-bn plan to
diversify the oil-dependent economy
assuage the demands for political reform.
41. (d)
Exp: As author concluded in the passage that,
the Kuwaiti public rightly demands genuine
representative democracy, and given that
democracy has penetrated deeper in
Kuwait than it has done in many other Gulf
countries, a constitutional monarchy
would be a pioneering and constructive
creation. So option D is the correct choice.
Answers
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42. (d) appendixes, we are not able to resist their

43. (c)
44. (d)
Exp: While using the elimination method-
Option D is the correct choice as; passage
talk about industrial farming is harmful for
Himalayan biodiversity perspectives but use
of conventional farming method is no
where mentioned.
45. (b)
Exp: Author has mentioned in his conclusion
about this programme will give the boost
and achieve even more if; Pakistan, China
and Afghanistan join the initiative. Thus,
Option B will get eliminated.
46. (d)
Exp: The author insists that to resist the pressure
of frailties there is a need to comprehend
thoroughly their adaptive origins and how
they guide us.
pressure.
48. (a)
Exp: The author begins with Introducing the
effect of evolution on human behavior, talks
about the constraints affecting human
behavior, and ascribes cultural and
biological factors to be responsible for the
behavior and finally ends with a need to
understand the origins thoroughly.
49. (a)
Exp: Option A is the best option as in the passage
the writer explains the meaning of
phonological awareness, and the level of
phonological skills in children. The writer
solves this purpose with the help of
examples of different words with smaller
units of sound, representing some relation
in either of onset, rime, phonemes or
syllables.
50. (b)

47. (b) Exp: Option B is the correct answer option since

it is mentioned in the second paragraph
Exp: The maladaptive frailties are biological in while explaining the meaning of
direction and as natural to us as our phonological awareness.

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Answers [5]

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