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Hazardous Substances – Safety Training

Designed By: Manish Kumar Sharma
(Lead Trainer)
+971563013097
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Introduction

1. What is the Training Course …?

2. What does COSHH means…?

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2
3. What does Hazardous Substances mean..?

4. What’s the difference between Dangerous & Hazardous Materials ?

5. Real time example …

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Hazardous - Explanation

Dangerous goods
An object, substance or material that presents an immediate degree of risk to people,
property and the environment due to the nature of its physical and chemical properties.

Hazardous substances 3
A product, material or substance that has the potential to be harmful to a person’s
health, both short and long term.

Hazardous substances are classified based only on health effects (whether they are immediate or
long term), while dangerous goods are classified according to their immediate physical or chemical
effects, such as fire, explosion, corrosion and poisoning, affecting property, environment or people.

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COSHH – Basics - Session-1

1. What is Hazard …?
2. What is Hazard substance…?
3. What is Hazardous substance (Exceptions) …?
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4. Examples
5. Why Awareness…?

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COSHH substances

• Substances or mixtures of substances, classified as dangerous to health

under the CHIP (Chemicals Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply)
Regulations 2002
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• These can be identified by their warning label and the supplier must provide
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for them.

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COSHH substances (Contd..)

• Many commonly used dangerous substances are listed in the HSE

publication “Approved Supply List”

• Suppliers must decide if preparations and substances that are not on

the list are dangerous, and if so, label them accordingly. 9

• Substances with occupational exposure limits.

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COSHH substances (Contd..)
• Biological agents (bacteria and other micro-organisms) if they are
directly connected with the work such as health / personal care, farming,
sewage works etc.

• Any kind of dust, if it’s average concentration in the air exceeds the levels
specified in COSHH.(10 ppm)
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• Certain asphyxiant gases, paints, pesticides etc.
• (An asphyxiant is a gas or vapor that can cause unconsciousness or
death by suffocation (asphyxiation). Asphyxiants with no other health
effects may be referred to as simple asphyxiants. Examples of
simple asphyxiants include nitrogen, argon, helium, methane, propane,
and carbon dioxide)

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COSHH (Not included)

What are substances not included under COSHH ?

COSHH applies to virtually all substances hazardous to health except

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1. Asbestos and lead which have their own regulations.
• Health and Welfare at Work (Exposure to Asbestos) (Amendment)
Regulation 2010 (S.I. No. 589/2010)
• Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 (CLAW)

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COSHH (Not included)

2. Radioactive substances (other regulations apply)

3. Biological agents that are outside the employers control

Eg. catching an infection from a workmate.
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4. For the vast majority of commercial chemicals the presence (or not) of a
warning label will indicate whether COSHH is relevant.

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COSHH (Not included)

Examples:

1. Washing liquid has no label so you do not have to worry about COSHH.

2. Bleach does have a label so COSHH does apply. 13

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COSHH (Awareness)

• It is crucial that you are familiar with the products that you are handling and storing.
• You may be aware of the substances risks and dangers, but what about everyone else
that could be potentially exposed to the substance ?
• Everyone in the workplace must be familiar with the hazardous properties associated
with the substance that they are exposed to. 14
• Despite the overlap between dangerous goods and hazardous substances, both
categories need to be controlled according to their unique properties to ensure that the
risks they present upon human and workplace are reduced.

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COSHH – Awareness - Session-2

1. What is Employer’s Responsibilities…?

2. What is Employee’s Responsibilities & Duties …?
(Duty is a moral commitment to something or someone,
whereas responsibility is a condition of being responsible. .) 15
3. Understanding – Signs – Signs – Signs
4. Read Labels – MSDS

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Employer’s Responsibility

• Every employer has a duty to ensure that their

employees and others are not exposed to risks to their
health because they must use or come in contact with
hazardous substances. 16

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Signs - Be Aware …!

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Signs - Be Aware …!

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Read the Label - Always

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Signs - Be Aware …!

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Read the Label - Always

• Always read the label on the container and make sure you understand the information.

• If there is no label, do not use the contents and dispose of safely.

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• When you use substances at work you must be aware of whether it is hazardous.

• Some substances may not be hazardous but may cause allergic reactions.

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Reading MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheet)

1. Identity
The chemical name, trade name and manufacturers
name, address and emergency phone number can
be found here.
2. Ingredients Includes: substance, % content, CAS 22
Number, Classification, EINECS
3. Hazards Identification Dangers for humans and the
environment such as: Most important hazards &
Specific hazards
4. First Aid gives instructions on what to do in case of
eye contact, skin contact or ingestion
CAS Number, is a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance
described in the open scientific literature

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EINECS - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances
 Reading MSDS

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(Material Safety Data Sheet)

5) Fire Fighting Suitable extinguishing media,

Unsuitable extinguishing media, Special hazards
in fire, Required special protective equipment for
fire-fighters

6) Accidental Release Measures/Spill Clean-up

Personal precautions, Environmental precautions,
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Methods for cleaning

7) Handling and Storage Exposure Controls and

Personal Protection
Information on proper PPE to use, how to store
and temperature limits

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 Reading MSDS

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(Material Safety Data Sheet)

8) Physical and Chemical Properties Appearance, Odour,

pH, Boiling point, Melting point, Flashpoint, Explosive
properties, Vapor pressure, Relative density, Solubility

9) Stability and Reactivity Conditions to avoid, materials to

avoid, hazardous decomposition products
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10) Toxicology Acute toxicity, Local effects. Excessive
exposure may affect human health as follows: Skin contact,
Eye contact, Inhalation/ingestion.

11) Ecological Information Lists any dangers to the

environment

12) Disposal Lists any special disposal methods

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 Reading MSDS

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(Material Safety Data Sheet)

13) Transport Information lists codes indicating the

dangers and the type of transport which may be
needed
14) Regulations Lists any agency that may regulate this
product
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15) Other Information Recommendations/restrictions,
Sources of key data used to compile Safety Data
Sheet

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 Reading MSDS

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(Material Safety Data Sheet)

16. Check the Contents

Do not assume that because two containers
look the same, they contain the same
material.
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 Reading MSDS

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(Material Safety Data Sheet)

All hazardous substances packages, containers, tanks or bulk stores must be

clearly labelled with the following information:
 The product identifier
 Proper shipping name and UN number (if chemical is dangerous goods)
 The contact details of manufacturer or importer 32
 Identity and proportion of each ingredient
 Any hazard pictogram or a dangerous goods class label (for transport)
 Any hazard statement, signal word and precautionary statement
 Any information about the hazards, first aid and emergency procedures
 Expiry date

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COSHH – Awareness - Session-3

1. What is Employer’s Responsibilities…?

2. PPE
3. Usage of Chemicals
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4. Storage of Chemicals
5. Chemical Spills
6. Disposals of Chemicals
7. Accidents & Incidents

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Employer’s Responsibility

• Employees must be given information, instruction and training on the use of

such substances.

• Eliminate or reduce risks from hazardous substances

• This is achieved by 34
 Risk assessment
 Control measures
 Monitoring health & exposure if necessary
 Information, training and supervision

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 Employee’s Responsibility

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If you work with hazardous substances then you should be familiar with:

• The Risks To Health Caused By Exposure

• Precautions Which Need To Be Taken
• Use And Purpose Of Control Measures 35
• Use Of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Emergency Procedures
• Results Of Any Workplace Monitoring
• Your Occupational Health Record.
• Cooperate with the employer
• Take reasonable care of our own safety and not endanger others

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Employee’s Responsibility

Both employers and employees have responsibilities under COSHH.

Employees must:

• Participate In The Risk Assessment Process

• Wear The PPE Provided 36
• Report Any Problems With PPE Or Other Equipment
• Report Non-compliance With Safe Systems Of Work
• Attend Occupational Health Checks
• Always Use Control Measures Designed To Reduce Exposure.

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PPE – Personal Protective
Equipment

• Always check that you are wearing the correct

protection before handling chemicals
• Gloves, eye protection, protective clothing,
rubber boots or respirators may be required 37
• All these must be kept in good order.
• Check the COSHH assessment.

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Storing Chemicals

• Use and store the smallest quantity of chemicals

that are necessary for the particular job.

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Mixing Chemicals

• Don’t mix or decant chemicals.

• Even some cleaning materials can produce a harmful reaction when mixed

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 Safe Storage

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• Hazardous materials must be stored safely and securely
• Dry materials should be stored above any liquids
• Consideration should be given to any fire implications
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• An inventory should be kept
• Old chemicals may require special disposal

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Disposal

• Hazardous waste must be disposed of in a

safe manner by licensed contractors
• Do not pour chemicals down the drain
• Do not put hazardous waste in with domestic
refuse
• Always take advice and consult assessments 41
and data sheets for disposal guidance

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Accidents & Incidents

• If you are burned by a chemical, or feel unwell after using a chemical,

tell your supervisor and seek medical attention without delay.
• Always ensure you have access to first aid report all incidents

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Spills

If a spill occurs
• Do not panic
• Determine the identity of the spilled substance
• Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 43
• Assess the situation
• Cordon off the area
• Determine the severity of the spill - Major vs. Minor

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 CoSHH Essentials

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COSHH – Risk Assessment - Session-4

1. Know & Understand the Symbols

2. Information from other Sources
3. Decide WHO and HOW is at Risk
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4. Evaluate the Risk
5. Control, Maintain, Monitor, Review, Surveillance,
6. Devise Safe Working Procedures

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Understand Symbols

FLAMMABLE EXPLOSIVE

HARMFUL TO THE
HIGHLY
ENVIRONMENT
FLAMMABLE 47
IRRITANT / TOXIC
HARMFUL

CORROSIVE

OXIDISING BIOLOGICAL VERY TOXIC

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AGENT
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Other Sources for Information

 Data sheets & labels

 Workplace exposure limits (WELs) – see Safety Services

web site

 On-line databases 48

 Previous Experience & Publications

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Who is at Risk …?

• Staff
• Students
• Others
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• Consider their current training (if any) and their background

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Who is at Risk and HOW …?

• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Absorption
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• Injection

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Evaluate the Risk …?

Factors to Consider:
 Toxicity
 Form (gas, spray, dust, liquid, solid)
 Solubility
 Amount (weight &/or volume)
 Nature of the operation 52
 Length of exposure
 Number of people involved OR

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Decide Control Measures

• Control exposure in proportion to

risk by using the hierarchy of
controls.
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• PPE Personal Protective
Equipment should be a last resort
as the prime means of control

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Use Control Measures - 1

Replace substance with a safer alternative

Example: Use a lower hazard disinfectant rather than 54

bleach (irritant) if it will do the job adequately.

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Use Control Measures - 2

Use the material in a safer form, eg:

 Use water-based paint instead of solvent-

based paint 55
 Buy hazardous materials in pre-weighed
sachets rather than having to measure &
make-up from bulk quantities

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Use Control Measures - 3

 Control the operation, eg.

 Isolate the work

 Control at source
o Fume cupboard 56
o Local exhaust ventilation

 Reduce the number of workers

 Reduce the frequency

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Use Control Measures - 4

PPE Personal protective equipment as a

last resort:

◦ Protects only the worker & not others in

the room 57
◦ Training & maintenance required
◦ Often not very comfortable

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Use Control Measures - 5

Good laboratory techniques is vital ex.

◦ Labelling
◦ Correct substance storage
◦ Warning signs where appropriate
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◦ Cleanliness & tidiness
◦ Correct waste disposal

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Maintenance of
Control Measures

• Must be kept in good repair & working

properly
• Regular simple checks on airflow
• LEV & fume cupboards must have 60
engineering checks every 12 months
• Records kept for 5 years

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Monitor Exposure

 Measure concentrations where assessment concludes that:

◦ There is a serious risk if controls fail

◦ Exposure limits may be exceeded 61
◦ Control measures may not be working properly
◦ Employees are involved in certain specific work in
Schedule 5 (unlikely in the University apart from
possibly use of vinyl chloride monomer)

 Records must be kept for 5 years

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Health Surveillance

Only required if:

◦ Significant exposure of Schedule 6 processes for ex nitro

or amino derivatives (apart from vinyl chloride use, these
are all manufacturing processes) 62

◦ Likelihood of exposure to substances linked to specific

diseases but only if:
 There is a reasonable likelihood that this will occur
 It is actually possible to detect the disease or effect

◦ Records to be kept for 40 years

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Derive Safe
Working Procedures

• Preparation phase (example: weighing out)

• The process itself
• Safe waste disposal
• Emergency procedures 63

• Spillage
• Fire
• First aid

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Check & Review

 Are the control measures adequate?

 Are they working correctly?

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 Is everyone aware of how to use them?

 Have you the necessary equipment to deal

with an emergency or malfunction?

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COSHH – After Effects – Session-5

1. Possible Accidents
2. Side Effects
3. Symptoms
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4. Intensity
5. Severity

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 Possible Accidents

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Accident do happen..
 Chemical splash to face / eyes
 Chemical splash to hand / arm
 Chemical splash on laboratory coat
 Chemical injected beneath skin by needle
 Exposure by inhalation (sometimes including eye irritation) 67
 Numerous reports of ‘solvent’ smells
 Allergic reaction attributed to chemical contact
 Acute asthma attack
 Spillage onto bench / floor
 Chemical in mouth – rare
 A skin blister arising from self treatment of wart on foot with liquid
nitrogen!

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Possible Side Effects

Possible side effects of exposure to hazardous substances

Common hazardous substances in the workplace include:

 poisoning
 nausea and vomiting
 headache 68
 skin rashes, such as dermatitis
 chemical burns
 birth defects
 disorders of the lung, kidney or liver
 nervous system disorders.

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Health Effects

These are properties of a chemical that have the potential to cause adverse health
effects.

Adverse health effects can be

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1. Acute (short term) - headaches, nausea or vomiting and skin corrosion

2. Chronic (long term) - asthma, dermatitis, nerve damage or cancer

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Symptoms

 Coughing  Difficulty breathing

 Constricted pupils, red teary  Blurred vision
eyes  Runny eyes and nose
 Bleeding or hemorrhaging  Slurred speech, 70
 Strong or unusual smell disorientation
 Strange behavior  Skin irritation
 Convulsions  Nausea
 Unconsciousness  Sudden headache
 Weakness

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Severity

Varies by

 Type of chemical
 Exposure (time X amount)
 Physical health
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 Age
 Weather (wind, temperature, rain)

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Severity

Low health hazard

Substances designated as irritant (those that affect the skin
and sometimes the eyes)

 Medium health hazard

Substances designated as corrosive, irritant (particularly by 72
the inhalation route) or harmful (particularly by the inhalation
route)
 High health hazard
Substances designated as toxic, very toxic, carcinogenic,
mutagenic and those that may impair fertility or harm the
unborn child

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COSHH - Regulations

The COSHH Regulations require us to

 Assess the risks

 Decide what precautions are required
 Prevent or control exposure
 Ensure control measures are used and maintained 73
 Monitor any exposure
 Carry out any required health surveillance
 Prepare emergency plans and procedures
 Ensure employees are properly informed

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Thanks You

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