Board of education

Saint John´s Academy

Informative Album

Topic:
1- An Aprentice
2- Printing in Colonial Times
3- Early Battery Making
4- Franklin Stove
5- Glass Harmonica
6- Bifocal Glasses

Integrants:
Ana Torres
Samir Morales
Luis Li
Juan Cortez
Heydi Castro
Novelys Moreno
Adrian Caceres

Teacher Martinita Mathews

Date:
July 11, 2022
 INDEX

1- Introduction

2- Topic:
3- An Apprentice
4- Printing in Colonial Times
5- Early Battery Making
6- Franklin Stove
7- Glass Harmonica
8- Bifocal Glasses

9- Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

This work deals with different topics, including

Ben's inventions. As we read on, we will discover
and learn more about them.
 1. An Apprentice

Back then in 1700s an apprentice was someone (a young

man) who worked without pay to be a good craftsman, this
person worked in exchange for his teacher (the craftsman)
teaching him his way of working and everything he knew
and after a while the apprentice could work with monetary
pay in the trade.
 2. Printing in Colonial Times

People that would print during Colonial times were called

printers.  They would print newspapers, books, pamphlets,
speeches, and other things.

Printing Shops
The shops of printers were sometimes found in the same
places where mail would go in and out.  It was an easy place
to have a printing shop where the mail was made because
mail used ink and so many thoughts that it was smart to have
the businesses together.

The printers that would print the newspapers would get their
paper usually from paper makers and paper mills.  The paper
was made from things such as cotton, linen and other
materials.
The ink that was used in the printing shops was usually made
in the shop and it was made from iron sulfate, water, gum
and tannin.

How Was Printing Possible?

Printing was not something that was easy, and it was hard to
get something printed.  It could take more than a whole day
in order to print one page of the newspaper in a printing
shop.
In order to print, the printer had to take a piece of metal that
had a letter, a number or even a punctuation and set it up in
order.  They would then have to use ink and a pad in order to
spread the ink over that piece of metal that was then pushed
into the paper.
It was easiest for the printer to do one line at a time and this
is why it took so long to print one page. 
 3. Early Battery Making

Franklin found that “positive” charges resided on one side

and “negative” charges on the other side of the jar. Franklin
discovered that by linking multiple jars together he could
increase the amount of charge they could store. He called
this new assembly of Leyden jars a “battery,” and he is
credited as being the first to use the term in relation to
electricity.
 4. Franklin Stove

Franklin's stove It is a stove invented in 1743 by Benjamin

Franklin,[1] considered the first modern heating system not
integrated in the construction. It allows a better regulation of
combustion and better control of smoke than the traditional
fireplace, which is why it also saves fuel, although it has the
drawback that combustion takes place in the room to be
heated and uses polluting materials (wood, gasoline or coal).

5. Glass Harmonica

The glass harmonica is an idiophone instrument created by

Benjamin Franklin in 1761. It is made up of a series of
hemispherical vessels that play the role of resonators. These
are superimposed around a horizontal axis and by means of a
pedal the instrument is put in rotation. The resonators are
made to vibrate by rubbing the edges with wet fingers, thus
producing a crystalline sound.

The first time Franklin experienced the sonic effect musical

vessels had on their listeners was in 1761, when he heard
Royal Society member Edmund Delaval play the instrument.
After that, he set out to automate the instrument and, in the
fall of that same year, he created the glass harmonica. In the
new version of the instrument, some 37 hemispherical
vessels of different sizes were placed concentrically on a
transverse steel rod. All this was introduced in a wooden
box, as a harpsichord. In addition, he devised a system that
automatically moistened the edges of the glasses thanks to a
water channel through which they passed when turning. It
was Charles James, a London builder, who carried out the
invention. Thus the first glass harmonica was created, which
was priced at around 40 guineas.
Thanks to the curiosity and fascination that musical cups
conveyed to Benjamin Franklin, this prolific man —because
he was a statesman, scientist, philosopher, printer, physicist
and politician— set out to take another step in the evolution
of the instrument.
Among the many activities that he cultivated, Franklin was
also an amateur musician. He played the harp, the guitar and
wrote about musical aesthetics. Thus, given his musical
knowledge, he set out to automate musical vessels and create
the Glass Harmonica.

6. Bifocal Glasses

Ben's eyes grew dim with the time he grew old. He needed
two pairs of glasses. A couple was for reading. The second
was to see distant things. Keeping track of two pairs of
glasses was a hassle. In 1784 he invented bifocal glasses.
Lenses for near and far vision were combined. It is said that,
at the end of the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin
popularized this type of lens, which allowed him not to have
to change glasses depending on whether he wanted to carry
out an activity in which vision was necessary. near-
sightedness or far-sightedness, for example, reading the
newspaper or seeing someone far away that myopia would
not allow us to see.

Conclusion

Thanks to this work we have seen how certain types

of things were in ancient times, their function and
 application. We were also able to see Ben
Franklin's inventions that left a mark on humanity.