78 Fuel supply system to the low-pressure stage Overview

Fuel supply system to the low-pressure stage

The function of the fuel supply system is Overview
to store and filter the required fuel, and to
provide the fuel-injection system with fuel The fuel-supply system comprises the follow-
at a specific supply pressure in all operating ing main components (Figs. 1, 2, 3):
conditions. For some applications, the fuel 쐌 Fuel tank
return flow is also cooled. 쐌 Pre-filter
쐌 Control unit cooler (optional)
Essentially, the fuel-supply system differs 쐌 Presupply pump (optional, also in-tank
greatly, depending on the fuel-injection pump on cars)
system used, as the following figures for 쐌 Fuel filter
radial-piston pump, common-rail system and 쐌 Fuel pump (low-pressure)
passenger-car UIS show. 쐌 Pressure-control valve (overflow valve)
쐌 Fuel cooler (optional)
쐌 Low-pressure fuel lines

1 Fuel system on a fuel-injection system with radial-piston pump

Fig. 1
11 Fuel tank 7
12 Pre-filter 6
13 Presupply pump
14 Fuel filter 8
15 Low-pressure fuel
line
9
5
16 Radial-piston pump
with integrated
supply pump 4
17 High-pressure 11
delivery line
18 Nozzle-and-holder
1 10

æ UMK1970-2Y
assembly
19 Glow-plug 3 EDC 16

10 ECU 2
11 Fuel return line

2 Fuel system on a common-rail fuel-injection system

Fig. 2
11 Fuel tank
12 Pre-filter 8
13 Presupply pump 7
14 Fuel filter 7
15 Low-pressure fuel
6 10
lines 9
16 High-pressure pump
17 High-pressure fuel
lines 10 12 13
18 Fuel rail 11
19 Nozzle 5 EDC 16

10 Fuel return line 4

æ UMK2009-1Y

11 Fuel-temperature 5
1
sensor
12 ECU 3
13 Sheathed-element 2
glow plug

K. Reif (Ed.), Diesel Engine Management, Bosch Professional Automotive Information,

DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-03981-3_8, © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2014
 Fuel supply system to the low-pressure stage Overview 79

Fuel tank Diesel fuel filter

The fuel tank stores the fuel. It must be corro-
sion-resistant and leakproof at double the op-
erating pressure, but at least at 0.3 bar. Any
gauge pressure must be relieved automatically
by suitable vents or safety valves. When the
vehicle is negotiating corners, inclines or
bumps, fuel must not escape past the filler
cap or leak out of the pressure-relief vents or
valves.
The fuel tank must be separated from the
engine to prevent the fuel from igniting in
case of an accident.
Fuel-injection equipment for diesel engines
are manufactured with great precision and
are sensitive to the slightest contamination
in the fuel. The fuel filter has the following
functions:
쐌 Reduce particulate impurities to avoid
particulate erosion
쐌 Separate emulgated water from free water
to avoid corrosion damage
The fuel filter must be adapted to the fuel-
injection system.

Fuel lines Fuel-supply pump

Besides metallic tubes, flexible, flame-retar-
dant tubes reinforced with braided-steel
armoring can be used in the low-pressure
stage. They must be routed so as to avoid
contact with moving components that might
damage them and in such a way that any leak
fuel or evaporation cannot collect or ignite.
The function of the fuel lines must not be im-
paired by twisting of the chassis, movement
of the engine or any other similar effects.
All fuel-conveying parts must be protected
against heat that may affect their proper
operation. On buses, fuel lines may not be
routed though the passenger cabin or the
driver’s cab. Fuel may not be gravity-fed.
The fuel-supply pump draws fuel from the
fuel tank and conveys it continuously to the
high-pressure pump. The fuel pump is inte-
grated in the high-pressure pump on axial-
piston and radial-piston distributor pumps,
and in a few instances in common-rail sys-
tems.
Alternatively, an additional fuel pump can
be provided as a presupply pump.

3 Fuel system on a UIS fuel-injection system (passenger car)

11
8
9 R
7 6 Z
Fig. 3
10 11 Fuel tank
5 12 Presupply pump
13 Fuel cooler
4 3 14 ECU
15 Fuel filter
EDC 16

16 Fuel supply line

1 17 Fuel return line
æ UMK1971-2Y

18 Tandem pump
19 Fuel-temperature
2
sensor
10 Glow-plug
11 Nozzle