MASTERY TEST

MT1 Solution

SITUATION 1: c. 1+i d. 1-i

A vertical triangular gate, 1.5 wide and 3
m high is submerged in oil having sp. gr. of Solution:
0.82 with its top base submerged to a 𝑖 1997 = 𝑖
depth of 2 m. 𝑖 1999 = −𝑖 𝑷𝑨𝒍
1. Determine the magnitude of the total ∴ 𝑖 1997 + 𝑖 1999 = 𝑖 + (−𝑖) = 0
hydrostatic pressure acting on one side of
the gate. PROBLEM 6:
a. 53.4 kN b. 54.3 kN Find the general solution of 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ −
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
c. 35.4 kN d. 45.3 kN 12𝑦 = 0.
𝑃𝐵𝑟 = 4𝑃 − 2𝑃 = 2𝑃 = 2(10 𝑘𝑁) =
𝑎. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 6𝑥 20 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
b. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −6𝑥 𝑃𝐵𝑟 20 ×103 𝑁
c. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −6𝑥 𝜎𝐵𝑟 = =
𝐴𝐵𝑟 600 𝑚𝑚2
d. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 6𝑥 𝜎𝐵𝑟 = 33.33 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐵)

Solution: 9. Find the stress occurring at steel

Use Differential Operator D: section.
𝐷2 + 4𝐷 − 12 = 0 a. 33.33 MPa b. 50 MPa
c. 100 MPa d. 66.67 MPa
(𝐷 + 6)(𝐷 − 2) = 0
Solution: 𝐷 = −6; 𝐷 = 2
Solution:
𝐹 = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴 ∴ 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −6𝑥 (𝐵)
𝑘𝑁 1 FBD of Steel:
𝐹 = 9.81 [2𝑚 + 1𝑚] ( × 1.5 𝑚 ×
𝑚3 2
SITUATION 2:
3𝑚)
Axial loads are applied to the compound
F= 54.3 kN (C) rod that is composed of an aluminum
segment rigidly connected between steel
2. What is the distance from the center of and bronze segments. Given P=10 kN,
gravity to the center of pressure acting on 𝑷𝑺𝒕
the gate?
a. 0.176 m b. 0.617 m
c. 0.167 m d. 0.671 m ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑃𝐵𝑟 = 3𝑃 = 3(10 𝑘𝑁) = 30 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇)
Solution: 𝑃𝐵𝑟 30 ×103 𝑁
𝜎𝐵𝑟 = =
1.5×33 𝐴𝐵𝑟 300 𝑚𝑚2
𝐼𝑔 ( 36 ) 7. Find the stress occurring at bronze
𝑒= = 𝜎𝐵𝑟 = 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐵)
1
𝐴𝑦̅ ( ×1.5 𝑚 ×3𝑚)(3𝑚)
2
section.
𝑒 = 0.167 𝑚 (𝐶) a. 33.33 MPa b. 50 MPa SITUATION 3:
c. 100 MPa d. 66.67 MPa Refer to the figure below:
3. Determine the location of the total
hydrostatic pressure from the bottom Solution:
acting on one side of the gate. FBD of Bronze:
a. 1.833 m b. 1.383 m
c. 1.338 m d. 1.388 m

Solution:
2ℎ 2
𝑧 = − 𝑒 = (3𝑚) − 0.167𝑚 10. Calculate for the reaction at A
3 3 𝑷𝑩𝒓 a. 1200 lb b. 1020 lb
𝑧 = 1.833 𝑚
c. 1002 lb d. 2100 lb
PROBLEM 4:
Solution:
A circle whose equation is x2+ y2+4x+ 6y-
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 By summation of moments,
23=0 has its center at:
𝑃𝐵𝑟 = 2𝑃 = 2(10 𝑘𝑁) = 20 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶) ∑ 𝑀𝑐 = 0
a. (2,3) b. (3,2) 𝑃𝐵𝑟 20 ×103 𝑁 𝑙𝑏
c. (-3,2) d. (-2,-3) 𝜎𝐵𝑟 = = 120 (12 𝑓𝑡)(6 𝑓𝑡) + 900 𝑙𝑏(4 𝑓𝑡) =
𝐴𝐵𝑟 400 𝑚𝑚2 𝑓𝑡
𝜎𝐵𝑟 = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐵) 𝐴𝑦 (12)
Solution: 𝐴𝑦 = 1020 𝑙𝑏 (𝐵)
By completing the square, 8. Find the stress occurring at aluminum
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 = 23 section. 11. Assuming EI is constant, calculate the
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 = 23 − 4 − 9 a. 33.33 MPa b. 50 MPa deflection at point B.
(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 10 c. 100 MPa d. 66.67 MPa a. 55120/EI b. 52150/EI
𝐶(−2, −3); 𝑟 = √10 (𝐷) c. 50125/EI d. 51250/EI
Solution:
PROBLEM 5: FBD of Aluminum: Solution:
Simplify the expression i1997+i1999, where i
is an imaginary number.
a. 0 b. -i
 MASTERY TEST
MT1 Solution

Solution: 17. When the sand is 40% saturated?

We need to determine velocity equations a. 16.31 b. 19.99
from the given. To determine the velocity c. 17.78 d. 20.34
equations w.r.t. each axes, integrate the
acceleration equations having boundary Solution:
conditions at t=0, v=0. By integration and (𝐺 +𝑆𝑒)𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 = 𝑠 =
1+𝑒
considering boundary conditions: 𝑘𝑁
x 𝑣𝑥 = 0.4𝑡 2 = 0.4(102 ) = 40 𝑚/𝑠
(2.66+0.40(0.60))(9.81 3 )
1+0.60
𝑚

𝑣𝑦 = 2𝑡 − 0.15𝑡 2 = 2(10) − 𝑘𝑁
By summation of moments, 𝛾𝑑𝑟𝑦 = 17.78 (𝐶)
0.15(10)2 = 5 𝑚/𝑠 𝑚3
𝐸𝐼 𝑀 = 1020𝑥 − 60𝑥 2 − 90〈𝑥 − 8〉
𝑣𝑧 = 5𝑡 = 5(10) = 50 𝑚/𝑠
2
18. When the sand is completely
By double integration, 𝑣 = √(𝑣𝑥 )2 + (𝑣𝑦 ) + (𝑣𝑧 )2 saturated.
Slope Equation: 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 510𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 3 − a. 16.31 b. 19.99
45〈𝑥 − 8〉2 + 𝐶1 𝑣 = √(40)2 + (5)2 + (50)2 = 64.23 𝑚/𝑠
c. 17.78 d. 20.34

Deflection Equation: 𝐸𝐼∆= 170𝑥 3 − 14. What is the total distance traveled by
Solution:
7.5𝑥 4 − 15〈𝑥 − 8〉3 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 the particle after 10 seconds? 𝑘𝑁
(𝐺𝑠 +𝑒)𝛾𝑤 (2.66+0.60)(9.81 )
a. 232 m b. 456 m 𝑚3
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = =
1+𝑒 1+0.60
Getting the value of boundary conditions: c. 292 m d. 345 m 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑑𝑟𝑦 = 19.99 (𝐵)
@𝑥 = 0, 𝐸𝐼∆= 0 𝑚3

0 = 170(0)3 − 7.5(0)4 − 15〈0 − 8〉3 + Solution:

Using the principle of arc length in integral SITUATION 6:
𝐶1 (0) + 𝐶2
calculus, A reinforced concrete beam has a width of
𝐶2 = 0
300 mm and an overall depth of 480 mm.
10 2
𝑠 = ∫0 √(𝑣𝑥 )2 + (𝑣𝑦 ) + (𝑣𝑧 )2 𝑑𝑡 The beam is simply supported over a span
@𝑥 = 12, 𝐸𝐼∆= 0
0 = 170(12)3 − 7.5(12)4 − = of 5 m. Steel strength fy=415 MPa and
15〈12 − 8〉3 + 𝐶1 (12)
10 concrete strength fc’ = 28 MPa. Concrete
∫0 √(0.4𝑡 2 )2 + (2𝑡 − 0.15𝑡 2 )2 + (5𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
𝐶2 = −11440 cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the
s=291.60 m ≈ 292 m (C)
steel area. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5
Slope Equation: 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 510𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 3 − kN/m3. Other than the weight of the
15. What is the total displacement of the
45〈𝑥 − 8〉2 − 11440 beam, the beam carries a superimposed
particle after 10 seconds?
dead load of 18 kN/m and a live load of 14
a. 234 m b. 288 m
Deflection Equation: 𝐸𝐼∆= 170𝑥 3 − kN/m. Use the strength design method
c. 321 m d. 198 m
7.5𝑥 4 − 15〈𝑥 − 8〉3 − 11440𝑥 19. Determine the maximum factored
moment of the beam.
Solution:
@𝑥 = 8 𝑓𝑡 a. 136.71 kN-m b. 135.17 kN-m
To determine the distance equations w.r.t.
𝐸𝐼∆= 170(8)3 − 7.5(8)4 − 15〈8 − 8〉3 − c. 150.19 kN-m d. 151.90 kN-m
each axes, integrate the velocity equations
11440(8)
51250 having boundary conditions at t=0, v=0. By
∆= (𝐷) Solution:
𝐸𝐼 integration and considering boundary
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2𝐷 + 1.6𝐿 = 1.2(18 +
conditions:
12. Determine the slope at point 4ft from 𝑠𝑥 = 0.13𝑡 3 = 0.13(103 ) = 133.33 𝑚 23.5(0.48)(0.30)) + 1.6(14) =
the left support assuming EI is constant. 𝑠𝑦 = 𝑡 2 − 0.05𝑡 3 = (10)2 − 0.05(10)3 48.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑤𝐿2 48.06 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(5 𝑚)2
a. 8610/EI b. 8160/EI = 50 𝑚 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
8 8
c. 8061/EI d. 8106/EI 𝑠𝑧 = 2.5𝑡 2 = 2.5(102 ) = 250 𝑚/𝑠 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 150.19 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝐶)
2
Solution: 𝑠 = √(𝑠𝑥 )2 + (𝑠𝑦 ) + (𝑠𝑧 )2
20. If the design ultimate moment
Slope Equation: 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 510𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 3 − 𝑣 = √(133.33)2 + (50)2 + (250)2 = capacity of the beam is 280 kN-m,
45〈𝑥 − 8〉2 − 11440 288 𝑚 determine the required number of 20 mm
tension bars.
@𝑥 = 8 = 4 𝑓𝑡 SITUATION 5: a. 8 b. 6
𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 510(4)2 − 30(4)3 − 45〈4 − 8〉2 − A sand with Gs=2.66 and void ratio e=0.60 c. 5 d. 7
11440 is completely dry. It then becomes wetted
8610
𝜃= (𝐴) by a rising groundwater table. Compute Solution:
𝐸𝐼
for the unit weight (in kN/m3) under the 𝑀𝑢 = ∅0.85𝑓′𝐶 𝑎𝑏 (𝑑 − )
𝑎
2
SITUATION 4: following conditions:
280 × 106 =
The motion of a particle moving in space 16. When it is completely dry? 𝑎
a. 16.31 b. 19.99 (0.9)(0.85)(28)(𝑎)(300) (410 − )
from t=0 to t=10s is defined by the 2
following acceleration: c. 17.78 d. 20.34 𝑎 = 125.4758 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑥 = 0.8𝑡; 𝑎𝑦 = 2 − 0.3𝑡; 𝑎𝑧 = 5
13. What is the velocity of the particle Solution: Solve for fs to check if steel yields:
𝑘𝑁 𝑎 125.4758
after 10 seconds? 𝐺𝑠 𝛾𝑤 (2.66)(9.81 3 )
𝑚 𝑐= = = 147.6186 𝑚𝑚
𝛾𝑑𝑟𝑦 = = 𝛽1 0.85
a. 64.23 m/s b. 67.98 m/s 1+𝑒 1+0.60
𝑘𝑁
c. 54.32 m/s d. 98.23 m/s 𝛾𝑑𝑟𝑦 = 16.31 (𝐴)
𝑚3
 MASTERY TEST
MT1 Solution

600(𝑑−𝑐) 600(410−147.6186)
𝑓𝑠 = = = W
𝑐 147.6186
1066.457 𝑀𝑃𝑎
(Steel yields)
C=T P
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
0.85(28)(125.4758)(300) = 𝐴𝑠 (415)
𝐴𝑠 = 2158.79 𝑚𝑚2
f
N
For number of steel bars:
𝐴𝑠 2158.79 𝑚𝑚2 By D’Alembert’s Principle:
𝑛= = 𝜋
(20 𝑚𝑚)2
= 6.87 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑏 ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎
4
𝑛 = 7 − 20 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑝) 𝑃 − 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑎
60
10 + 𝑡 3 − (6 − 𝑡 2 ) = 𝑎
9.81
21. If the beam will carry a factored load 3 2
𝑎 = 0.1635𝑡 + 0.1635𝑡 + 1.635𝑡 − 26. What is the nominal strength of the
of 240 kN at midspan, determine the
0.981 section considering gross area?
required number of 20 mm tension bars.
When t= 2s; a. 137.52 kips b. 173.52 kips
a. 8 b. 6
𝑎 = 0.1635(2)3 + 0.1635(2)2 + c. 86.76 kips d. 86.67 kips
c. 5 d. 7 1.635(2) − 0.981
a= 4.251 m/s2 (C) Solution:
Solution:
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔 = 36 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (2 × 2.41 𝑖𝑛2 )
First, find the Mu due to loads: 23. What is the velocity of the block after
𝑤𝐷 𝐿2 𝑃𝑢(𝐿) 𝐿 Pn=173.52 kips (B)
𝑀𝑢 = + 2 seconds in m/s?
8 4
(1.2∙3.384)(5)2 240(5) a. 2.398 b. 3.512 27. Determine the allowable strength for
𝑀𝑢 = +
8 4 c. 6.187 d. 1.879 ASD.
𝑀𝑢 = 312.69 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
a. 87.28 kips b. 82.87 kips
Solution: c. 88.72 kips d. 87.82 kips
𝑎 𝑑𝑣
𝑀𝑢 = ∅0.85𝑓′𝐶 𝑎𝑏 (𝑑 − ) = 𝑎; 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑣
2 𝑑𝑡
312.69 × 106 = 𝑣 = 0.0409𝑡 4 + 0.0545𝑡 3 + 0.8175𝑡 2 − Solution:
𝑎
(0.9)(0.85)(28)(𝑎)(300) (410 − ) 0.981𝑡v In terms of yielding:
2
𝑎 = 143.9554 𝑚𝑚 When t= 2s; 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔 = 36 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (2 × 2.41 𝑖𝑛2 )
𝑣 = 0.0409(2)4 + 0.0545(2)3 + Pn=173.52 kips
Solve for fs to check if steel yields: 0.8175(2)2 − 0.981(2) 𝑃
𝑃𝑢 = 𝑛 =
173.52
= 103.91 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Ω𝑦 1.67
𝑎 143.9554 v= 2.398 m/s (A)
𝑐= = = 169.3593 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
𝑓𝑠 =
600(𝑑−𝑐)
=
600(410−165.3593)
= 24. What is the distance traveled by the In terms of fracture:
𝑐 165.3593 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
852.533 𝑀𝑃𝑎 block after 2 seconds?
a. 0.7 b. 0.5 𝐴𝑒 = 0.75𝐴𝑛 = 0.75(𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 )
(Steel yields)
5 1 1
C=T c. 0.8 d. 0.85 = 0.75 (2.41 𝑖𝑛2 − ( + ) (2))
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 16 2 8
2
Ae= 1.514 in
0.85(28)(125.4758)(300) = 𝐴𝑠 (415) Solution:
𝑑𝑆
𝐴𝑠 = 2476.73 𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑣; 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑆 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 = 58 𝑘𝑠𝑖 × 1.514 × 2 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑆 = 0.0082𝑡 5 + 0.0136𝑡 4 + 0.2725𝑡 3 − 175.624 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
For number of steel bars: 0.491𝑡 2 𝑃 175.624
𝐴𝑠 2476.73 𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑢 = 𝑛 = = 87.82 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
When t= 2s; Ω𝑓 2.0
𝑛= = 𝜋
(20 𝑚𝑚)2
= 7.88 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑏
4 𝑆 = 0.0082(2)5 + 0.0136(2)4 +
0.2725(2)3 − 0.491(2)2 ∴ 𝑃𝑢 = 87.82 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 (𝐷)
𝑛 = 8 − 20 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑝) v= 0.698 m (A) (𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑠, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)

SITUATION 7: PROBLEM 25: 28. Determine the design tensile strength

A block weighing 60 N, starting from rest, Any human action that violates a for LRFD.
is subjected to a horizontal force of commonly accepted safe work procedure a. 132 kips b. 137 kips
P=10𝑡 + 𝑡 3 (N) and a frictional force of 6 − or standard operating procedure. c. 173 kips d. 127 kips
𝑡 2 (N). a. hazard b. unsafe act
22. What is the acceleration of the block c. unsafe condition d. risk Solution:
after 2 seconds in m/s2? In terms of yielding:
a. 2.475 b. 5.147 SITUATION 8: 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔 = 36 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (2 × 2.41 𝑖𝑛2 )
c. 4.251 d. 3.854 A double-angle shape is shown below. The Pn=173.52 kips
steel is A36, and the holes are for 1/2- 𝑃𝑢 = ∅𝑡 𝑃𝑛 = 0.9(173.52) = 156.17 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Solution: inch-diameter bolts. Assume that Ae =
FBD of the block: 0.75An. Fy= 36 ksi, Fu=58 ksi, A=2.41 in2 In terms of fracture:
(one angle). 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
𝐴𝑒 = 0.75𝐴𝑛 = 0.75(𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 )
5 1 1
= 0.75 (2.41 𝑖𝑛2 − ( + ) (2))
16 2 8
 MASTERY TEST
MT1 Solution

𝑘𝑁
Ae= 1.514 in2 𝛾𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = 9 (𝐶) 35. What is the weight of the block.?
𝑚3
a. 1.77 kN b. 1.27 kN
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 = 58 𝑘𝑠𝑖 × 1.514 × 2 = PROBLEM 32: c. 1.22 kN d. 1.72 kN
175.624 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 Which of the following has the greatest
𝑃𝑢 = ∅𝑡 𝑃𝑛 = 0.75(175.624) = Solution:
effective annual rate of interest?
131.72 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑊𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 𝛾𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑉𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑
a. 5.30% compounded semi-annually 𝑘𝑁
b. 5.25% compounded quarterly = 0.67 (9.81 3 ) [(0.60 𝑚)2 (0.54 𝑚)]
∴ 𝑃𝑢 = 132 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 (𝐴) 𝑚
c. 5.10% compounded monthly 𝑊𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 1.27 𝑘𝑁 (𝐶)
(𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑠, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)
d. 5.15% compounded bi-monthly
SITUATION 9: SITUATION 11:
The moist unit weight of the soil when it is Solution: A stone weigh 460 N in air. When
50% saturated is 16.64 kN/m3 while its By 1 peso-1 year analysis: submerged in water, it weighs 300 N.
𝑗 𝑚 36. Find the volume of the stone.
moist unit weight when its 75% saturated (1 + 𝑖)1 = (1 + )
is 17.73 kN/m3. Determine the following:
𝑚 a. 0.0163 m3 b. 0.0136 m3
For a: 3
29. Void ratio. c. 0.0316 m d. 0.0361 m3
0.0530 2
a. 0.65 b. 0.70 (1 + 𝑖)1 = (1 + ) ; 𝑖 = 5.37%
2
c. 0.75 d. 0.80 For b: Solution:
0.0525 4 𝐵𝐹 = 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 − 𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
(1 + 𝑖)1 = (1 + ) ; 𝑖 = 5.35% = 460 𝑁 − 300 𝑁
4
Solution:
(𝐺𝑠 +𝑆𝑒)𝛾𝑤 For c: 𝐵𝐹 = 160 𝑁
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 = 0.0510 12
1+𝑒
𝑘𝑁 (1 + 𝑖)1 = (1 + ) ; 𝑖 = 5.22%
(𝐺𝑠 +0.50𝑒)(9.81 3 )
𝑚
12 𝐵𝐹 = 𝛾𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑
16.64 = For d: 𝑘𝑁
1+𝑒 160 𝑁 = (9.81 ) 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑
9.81𝐺𝑠 − 11.735𝑒 = 16.64 (𝐸𝑞. 1) 1 0.0515 24 𝑚3
(1 + 𝑖) = (1 + ) ; 𝑖 = 5.28%
24 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 = 𝑉 = 0.0163 𝑚3 (𝐴)
(𝐺𝑠 +𝑆𝑒)𝛾𝑤 ∴ 𝑖 = 5.37% (𝐴)
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 =
1+𝑒
𝑘𝑁
37. Find the specific gravity of the stone.
(𝐺𝑠 +0.75𝑒)(9.81 3 )
𝑚
SITUATION 10: a. 1.77 kN b. 1.27 kN
17.73 = A block of wood 0.60 m x 0.60 m x h
1+𝑒
c. 1.22 kN d. 1.72 kN
9.81𝐺𝑠 − 10.3725𝑒 = 17.73 (𝐸𝑞. 2) meters in dimension was thrown into the
water and floats with 0.18 m projecting Solution:
By two equations and two unknowns, we above the water surface. The same block 𝑊 460 𝑁
get: 𝛾𝑜𝑏𝑗 = 𝑎𝑖𝑟 =
was thrown into a container of a liquid 𝑉 0.0163 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑠 = 2.65 having a specific gravity of 0.90 and it 𝛾𝑜𝑏𝑗 = 28.22
𝑚3
𝑒 = 0.80 (𝐷) floats with 0.14 m projecting above the
surface. 𝛾𝑜𝑏𝑗 28.22
𝑠𝑔 = =
30. Specific gravity of the soil. 33. Determine the value of h 𝛾𝑤 9.81
a. 2.60 b. 2.65 a. 0.54 m b. 0.45 m 𝑠𝑔 = 2.88 (𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐴)
c. 2.70 d. 2.75 c. 4.05 m d. 4.50 m
SITUATION 12:
Solution: Given a soil profile below:
Solution:
(𝐺𝑠 +𝑆𝑒)𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 = In water:
1+𝑒 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑
𝑘𝑁
(𝐺𝑠 +0.50𝑒)(9.81 3 ) 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡 = ℎ
𝑚 𝑠𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
16.64 = 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑
1+𝑒 ℎ − 0.18 = ℎ
9.81𝐺𝑠 − 11.735𝑒 = 16.64 (𝐸𝑞. 1) ℎ−0.18
1.0
= 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑
ℎ
(𝐺𝑠 +𝑆𝑒)𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 = In other liquid:
1+𝑒 𝑠
𝑘𝑁
(𝐺𝑠 +0.75𝑒)(9.81 3 ) 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 ℎ
𝑚 𝑠𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
17.73 = 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑
1+𝑒 ℎ − 0.14 = ℎ
0.9
9.81𝐺𝑠 − 10.3725𝑒 = 17.73 (𝐸𝑞. 2) 0.9ℎ−0.126
= 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑
ℎ
By two equations and two unknowns, we
get: Equating those two:
ℎ−0.18 0.9ℎ−0.126
𝐺𝑠 = 2.65 (𝐵) =
ℎ ℎ
𝑒 = 0.80 ℎ = 0.54 𝑚 (𝐴)
31. Effective unit weight (in kN/m3) of the 34. What gives the specific gravity of the
soil. block?
a. 7 b. 8 a. 1.67 b. 1.76 38. Determine the equivalent permeability
c. 9 d. 10 c. 0.67 d. 0.76 of the soil if the flow of water is horizontal
(in x 10-4 cm/sec).
Solution: Solution: a. 7.3 b. 5.3
(𝐺𝑠 −1)𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 =
ℎ−0.18
=
0.54−0.18 c. 6.3 d. 8.3
1+𝑒
𝑘𝑁 ℎ 0.54
(2.65−1)(9.81 )
= 𝑚3 𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 0.67 (𝐶)
1+0.80 Solution:
 MASTERY TEST
MT1 Solution

∑ 𝑘𝐻 44. Which of the following most nearly

𝑘𝐻 = 0 𝐹𝐶
∑𝐻
𝑛 𝑆𝑉 gives the vertical component of the
Go to Mode-3-1 (Freq. ON):
reaction on pin A?
x (k) n (H)
x y a. 268 lb b. 286 lb
2 × 10−3 1.5 c. 682 lb d. 628 lb
0 4.2 𝑀
2 × 10−4 1
15 1.0 𝑀
10−4 1.5 Solution:
3 × 10−4 1 ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐵𝑉9 = 9𝑦̂ = ₱1.78 𝑀 (𝐶)
−4
𝑨𝒙 − N𝐵 cos 30° = 0
∴ 𝑘𝐻 = 𝑥̅ = 7.3 × 10 𝑐𝑚/ sec (𝐴) 𝑨𝒙 = 536.2 cos 30°
42. At what resale price should the
equipment be marked on the ninth year if 𝐴𝑥 = 268 𝑙𝑏 (𝑁𝑜. 43, 𝐴)
Double Declining Balance of Depreciation
39. Determine the equivalent permeability 45. Which of the following most nearly
is considered?
of the soil if the flow is vertical (in x 10-4 gives the normal reaction at B?
a. 2.24 M b. 2.28 M
cm/sec). a. 365 lb b. 563 lb
c.1.78 M d. 1.16 M
a. 5.236 b. 3.216 c. 356 lb d. 536 lb
c. 2.076 d. 4.816
Solution:
Go to Mode-3-6: Solution:
Solution: ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
∑𝐻 x y
𝑘𝐻 = 𝐻 𝐴𝑦 + N𝐵 sin 30° − 750 = 0
∑( )
𝑘
0 𝐹𝐶
2 𝐴𝑦 = 750 − 536.2 sin 30°
Go to Mode-3-1 (Freq. ON): 1 𝐹𝐶 (1 − )
𝑛 𝐴𝑥 = 286 𝑙𝑏 (𝑁𝑜. 44, 𝐵)
x (1/k) n (H)
−3
1/(2 × 10 ) 1.5
x y SITUATION 15:
1/(2 × 10−4 ) 1 From the given data of a differential
1/(10−4 ) 1.5 0 4.2 𝑀
2 leveling as shown in the tabulation:
1/(3 × 10−4 ) 1 1 4.2 𝑀 (1 − ) STA B.S. F.S. ELEV.
15
1 BM1 5.87 392.25
∴ 𝑘𝐻 = = 2.076 × 10−4 𝑐𝑚/ sec (𝐶) 2 7.03 6.29
𝑥̅ 𝐵𝑉9 = 9𝑦̂ = ₱1.16 𝑀 (𝐷)
3 3.48 6.25
SITUATION 13: SITUATION 14: 4 7.25 7.08
A heavy equipment is purchased by a Refer to the figure below: 5 10.19 5.57
company at a price of 4.2 million
6 9.29 4.45
Philippine Peso. It has an estimated
BM2 4.94
lifetime of 15 years and a salvage value
of 1 million Philippine Peso. Neglect the
46. Find the diff. in elevation of station 7
effect of inflation.
and station 5.
40. At what resale price should the
a. 19.01 m b. 11.09 m
equipment be marked on the ninth year if
c. 10.09 m d. 10.90 m
Straight Line Depreciation is considered?
a. 1.16 M b. 1.78 M
Solution:
c. 2.28 M d. 2.24 M 43. Which of the following most nearly 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. = 𝐵𝑀 + 𝐵. 𝑆. −𝐹. 𝑆
gives the horizontal component of the
Solution: reaction on pin A? STA B.S. F.S. ELEV.
Go to Mode-3-1: a. 268 lb b. 286 lb BM1 5.87 392.25
x y c. 682 lb d. 628 lb 2 7.03 6.29 391.83
0 𝐹𝐶
3 3.48 6.25 392.61
𝑛 𝑆𝑉 Solution: 4 7.25 7.08 389.01
5 10.19 5.57 390.69
x y
6 9.29 4.45 396.43
0 4.2 𝑀
BM2 4.94 400.78
15 1.0 𝑀
Ax
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐸𝐿𝑆𝑇𝐴 7 − 𝐸𝐿𝑆𝑇𝐴 5
𝐵𝑉9 = 9𝑦̂ = ₱2.28 𝑀 (𝐶)
= 400.78 𝑚 − 390.69 𝑚
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 10.09 𝑚 (𝐶)
41. At what resale price should the
equipment be marked on the ninth year if
Ay
47. Find the difference in elevation of
Declining Balance of Depreciation is NB station 7 and station 4.
considered?
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 a. 17.71 m b. 11.77 m
a. 2.24 M b. 2.28 M
[N𝐵 cos 30°](6 ft) − [N𝐵 sin 30°](2 ft) − c. 11.27 m d. 17.17 m
c. 1.78 M d. 1.16 M
750 lb(3 ft) = 0
N𝐵 = 536.2 𝑙𝑏 ≈ 536 𝑙𝑏 (𝑁𝑜. 45, 𝐷) Solution:
Solution:
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐸𝐿𝑆𝑇𝐴 7 − 𝐸𝐿𝑆𝑇𝐴 4
Go to Mode-3-6:
= 400.78 𝑚 − 389.01 𝑚
x y
 MASTERY TEST
MT1 Solution

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 11.77 𝑚 (𝐵)

48. Find the elevation of station 3.

a. 392.61 m b. 391.83 m
c. 400.78 m d. 389.01 m

Solution:
STA B.S. F.S. ELEV.
BM1 5.87 392.25
2 7.03 6.29 391.83
3 3.48 6.25 392.61
4 7.25 7.08 389.01
5 10.19 5.57 390.69
6 9.29 4.45 396.43
BM2 4.94 400.78

𝐸𝐿𝑆𝑇𝐴 3 = 392.61 𝑚 (𝐴)

PROBLEM 49:
The point where the stress-strain diagram
becomes almost horizontal.
a. plastic stage b. elastic stage
c. yield point d. rupture stress

PROBLEM 50:
Lateral displacement of one level relative
to the story below or above.
a. story drift b. displacement
c. deflection d. torsion

--

The Mystery of Heaven

By Billy Graham

I will dwell in the house of the Lord

forever.
—Psalm 23:6
What will heaven be like? Just as there is a
mystery to hell, so there is a mystery to
heaven. Yet I believe the Bible teaches
that heaven is a literal place. Is it one of
the stars? I don’t know, I can’t even
speculate. The Bible doesn’t inform us. I
believe that out there in space where
there are one thousand million galaxies,
each a hundred thousand light years or
more in diameter, God can find some
place to put us in heaven. I’m not worried
about where it is. I know it will be where
Jesus is. Christians don’t have to go
around discouraged and despondent, with
their shoulders bent. Think of it—the joy,
the peace, the sense of forgiveness that
He gives you, and then heaven, too.

Prayer for the day

Whatever I face, Lord, my heart rejoices in
the knowledge of my ultimate
destination—heaven—where I will live
with You for eternity!