DESIGN OF TRASH TRAP SYSTEM IN TANDUYAN RIVER, BARANGAY

TANDUYAN, AJUY, ILOILO

A Research Paper

Presented to

The Faculty of the Civil Engineering Department

Western Institute of Technology

La Paz, Iloilo City

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Course

CE 433– Research

Armachuelo, Kim L.

Villanueva, Rowem T.

Catapan, Conie P.

Kapaw-an, Jan Reggie B.

Orario, Riva Joy Y.

July 2021
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

Tanduyan is a barangay in the municipality of Ajuy, in the province of Iloilo. It is situated

at approximately 11.2127, 123.0027, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these coordinates is

estimated at 28.5 meters or 93.5 feet above mean sea level (PhilAtlas, 2021).

Tanduyan River serves as the source of water supply of the residents for agricultural crops

and farm animals. However, it is recognized as a flood prone river by the Municipal Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) of Ajuy. It has a constructed concrete

bridge having 1.1 meter high, 4.1 meters wide, and 14.7 meters long that provides passage from

Barangay Tanduyan to Barangay Tubogan of Ajuy.

The improper disposal of garbage of the residents to the riverbanks and organic wastes

such as leaves, bamboos and logs have been contributed to the presence of trashes in the river

that cause blockage to the waterways of the bridge. With this, the occurrence of rainstorm, that

brings storm water from mountains and farms to the river, carries the wastes from the riverbanks

to the bridge that causes the level of the water rapidly increases and even reaches beyond the top

surface of the bridge. The flash flood is a major threat and inconvenience to the residents of two

barangays, Tanduyan and Tubogan, as the bridge becomes impassable. Poor waste management

may elevate the flood hazards in a number of ways. Improper disposal of waste along roads

could physically block the waterways, influencing the flow of runoff in the river that directly

causes flash floods in the areas (Udayanga, 2020).

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 Moreover, flooding can also result in serious injury and fatalities (FEMA, 1998; Penning-

Rowsell & Green, 2000). According to Hall et al. (2003), flooding has an impact on many

aspects of life including the natural environment and ecosystems, social systems, infrastructure

and the built environment, and economic activity.

Furthermore, the presence of trashes in the river may cause pollution to the water.

According to Deltawerken (2014), if water contains toxic substances or dangerous micro-

organisms, plants and animals can become sick and may even die.  In some cases, contaminated

water can cause ornamentals plants to discolor, become stunted, grow irregularly or even die

(Larum, 2021).

Meanwhile, trash traps form a crucial part of the infrastructure designed to reduce the risk

of flooding in waterways and water processing sites. Where a watercourse flows through a

culvert there is an increased risk of blockage, requiring careful design consideration to ensure the

most efficient structure is installed (ECS Engineering Service, 2020). According to the EA (2009,

p5), the screen should trap as little debris as possible commensurate with the aim of preventing

material that could cause a blockage from progressing downstream. Hence, the researchers aim

to design a trash trap system that is beneficial for trash collection, mitigation of water pollution,

and mitigation of flash flood risk in Tubogan River.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The General Objectives

 To design a trash trap system in Tanduyan River, Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo

The Specific Objectives

 To prepare structural and architectural plan.

 To design a trash trap system using ultimate strength design.

 To assess the parameters of the Trash trap System Design.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study is to focus on the design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River located at

Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. The researchers aim to create a flood proof efficient design of

trash trap system since the river is recognized as a flood prone river by the Municipal Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) of Ajuy. The design system includes a

concrete structure incorporating a trash trap that is able to withstand against the amount of trashes

and organic wastes like leaves, logs and bamboo that are carried by the streamflow of the river.

The researchers will determine the streamflow discharge, the percentage proportion of trashes,

the width and water level of the river to formulate an exact design of trash trap system for the

Tanduyan river. Moreover, the study does not cover the other barangay rivers that are connected

to Tanduyan River. The research study of the researchers has started August 2021 up until the

end of academic year, 2021-2022, of Western Institute of Technology.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to formulate a design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River, Barangay

Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. Furthermore, this study is beneficial to the following:

 Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan

Improper disposal of garbage to the river and riverbanks, and organic wastes (leaves,

bamboos and logs) have been contributed to the presence of trashes in the river that cause

blockage to the waterways of the bridge. By that, a rainstorm can easily cause flash flood that

reaches beyond the top surface of the bridge which causes the bridge becomes impassable. Thus,

the trash trap system design is necessary for trash collection, and mitigation the risk of flash

flood, whereas the residents are still able to go across the bridge despite the rainstorm.

 Agricultural Crops and Farm Animals

According to Deltawerken (2014), if water contains toxic substances or dangerous

micro-organisms, plants and animals can become sick and may even die.  In some cases,

contaminated water can cause ornamentals plants to discolor, become stunted, grow irregularly

or even die (Larum, 2021). Tanduyan River serves as the source of water supply of the residents

for agricultural crops and farm animals. The formulated design of trash trap system will be

necessary to collect garbage and organic waste which will help mitigate the water pollution and

contamination of the river.

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  Riders and Commuters

The people who travel some distance to work on a regular basis known as commuters and

riders can also benefited from this study. The flash flood becomes inconvenience to them since

the bridge becomes impassable. This study is necessary for trash collection that will help

mitigate the risk of flash flood to the area.

 Future Researchers

The ideas presented in this study may be used by the future researchers as reference data

in conducting new related researches and in testing the validity of other related findings.

Moreover, this study will give them an overview on how to further develop this study in the

future.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Design

• According to Designing Buildings Wiki (2021), design is the realization of a concept, idea

or theory into a drawing, plan, specification, model, and so on that ultimately allows a series

objective to be achieved or resolved.

• In this study, the term means creating a concept of the trash trap system for Tanduyan River.

Trash

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• According Merriam Webster (2021), trashes are things that are no longer useful or wanted

and that have been thrown away, such as junk and rubbish.

• In this study, trash is a broad classification of wastes and garbage. These are the materials

carried by the flow of water of Tanduyan River that could accumulate in the waterways of the

bridge to form a blockage and may cause water pollution.

Trash Trap

• According to Naamandadin et al. (2019), Trash Trap is a tool used for the purposes of

garbage collection in drainage areas such as rivers or drains.

•In this study, Trash Trap refers to a tool used for the purpose of organic waste and garbage

collection in Tanduyan River.

Trash Trap System

• In this study, Trash Trap System refers to the design that the researchers will create. It is

composed of a concrete structure incorporating a trash trap.

Tanduyan River

• Tanduyan River is a river located at Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. According to

MDRRMO of Ajuy, Tanduyan River is classified as a flood prone river.

• In this study, the term refers to the area of study of the researchers.

Tanduyan

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• According to PhilAtlas (2021), Tanduyan is a barangay in the municipality of Ajuy, in the

province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 780 that represented

1.49% of the total population of Ajuy.

• In this study, Tanduyan refers to the place where the river is located.

Ajuy, Iloilo

• According to Wikipedia (2020), Ajuy is a second-class municipality in the province of Iloilo,

Philippines with a population of 53,462 people as of 2020 census. 

• In this study, Ajuy refers to the municipality where Barangay Tanduyan and Tanduyan River

are located.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter primarily presents the various researches and other literatures which have

significant bearings on the variables included in the research. It focuses on several aspects that

will help in the development of this study that is generally concentrating on the design of trash

trap system in Tubogan River, Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo.

1. “Design and Development of Trash Trap Of Stream for Mini Hydro”

Waste traps can be designed according to the type of waste that either wet or dry waste

needs to be trapped. The best waste trap is that it can collect both wet and dry waste. Waste trap

can be designed using one or a combination of screening, water flow, flow separation,
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sedimentation and flotation. The design of the GPT should be appropriate and convenient

depending on the location in which it is to be used. The stream has a slow flow of water, a

muddy surface and is surrounded by mangrove trees. Waste traps are designed to meet the needs

of the surrounding area. Some factors need to be considered in gross pollutant traps. Factors are

the size of the waste or particles to be caught in that location, the physical space available for the

trap, the frequency of storms or other water inflows, the average flow rate, maintenance

requirements, maintenance frequency, estimated loading of the waste, the safety of the trap and

the aesthetic value of the trap (Mohd Nizam, 2009).

2. Trash Trap

Trash screens form a crucial part of the infrastructure designed to reduce the risk of

flooding in waterways and water processing sites. Where a watercourse flows through a culvert

there is an increased risk of blockage, requiring careful design consideration to ensure the most

efficient structure is installed. A culvert represents a bottle-neck in a watercourse and often the

installation of a trash screen will help to alleviate blockages, but the screen can also present a

flood risk itself if it is not properly maintained and cleared regularly. The amount and type of

debris that is captured by the screen is dependent upon the time of year and the location of the

screen. (ECS Engineering Service, 2020)

The increasing restriction at the entry point to the culvert causes the upstream water

levels to rise and reduces the maximum flow through the culvert. In order to prevent the debris

entering the culvert, where it would be difficult to remove, trash screens are installed to capture

the debris allowing it to be easily removed while also maintaining water flow through the culvert.

The proper design of the screen is essential in order to prevent it becoming a flood risk in itself.
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This design should include careful consideration for the bar spacing, screen angle and distance

from the culvert entrance. Combined with the EA’s specifications and local requirements, the

final designs were approved by the EA before the fabrication process began in the ECS facility.

Information gained about the location helps to determine the type and size of debris likely to

accumulate at the screen and as the ratio of debris length to bar spacing increases, so does the

risk of blockage. This can be combined with data relating to average flow rates, which also

influences the risk of blockage. The installation required access ladder and perforated platform

fitted with hand railing. The new trash screen offers a much greater surface area for the water to

flow through, even if a large amount of debris has been captured, which ensures that the

increased water flow can still enter the culvert (ECS Engineering Service, 2015).

Trash trap removes water from solid waste, litter, debris and heavy sediment. Some of

the advanced design also provides for the separation of liquids to remove oil in water.

Collectively, these substances are known to be gross pollutants.

Trash rack is a well-known device, especially in Australia. This structure is used to

prevent debris from clogging the entrance of stormwater and wastewater. Litter Control Device

is a device that has been installed on open channels and pipe drain outlets located in Australia.
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These devices collect litter, as do trash racks, and can therefore be described as “soft” trash racks

( Shah, 2021).

A trash rack is designed to provide protection against clogging of principal spillways

under all flow conditions at a dam. In Nebraska, tree branches, logs, and corn stalks are the

most common debris that can plug a spillway. A properly designed trash rack prevents large

debris from entering a spillway that are too large to freely pass through, while at the same time,

facilitating the passage of smaller trash. Trash racks will become plugged if the openings of the

trash rack are too small to allow small debris, such as leaves and twigs, to pass. Trash racks are

also important to prevent children and livestock from falling into spillways (Nebraska, 2020).

Trash racks are large steel or wooden structures which prevent debris in a river from

entering the scroll case of a turbine. From a basic perspective, they are very large filters. Trash

racks are assembled by attaching a series of vertical rack bars, serving as the straining

mechanism, to a structural frame. The frame is usually constrained by the concrete structure of a

dam. Debris in the flow of the river can have a negative impact on the turbines by physically

damaging the turbines or by decreasing the generating efficiency. Trash racks must be designed

to withstand the accumulation of debris along the face of the rack bars while operating with

minimal fluid flow losses. The accumulation of debris and the flow losses are typically expressed

by differential head in units of feet (Scheumann, 2012).

3. Efficiencies of trash trap

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 According to Chiew (1998), the trapping efficiency of the device is described as the

percentage of the total mass of gross pollutants transported by stormwater that the trap maintains.

A trap with poor trapping efficiency means that the trap passes through a large proportion of the

gross pollutants carried by stormwater and enters downstream water.

The screen should trap as little debris as possible commensurate with the aim of

preventing material that could cause a blockage from progressing downstream (EA, 2009).

4. Selection of materials

The material in the trash trap is selected according to the suitability of the surroundings to

ensure the durability of the trap. Material selection is a crucial process to ensure the durability of

the product in any condition and most importantly, it can be functional ( Shah, 2021).

The trash racks were fabricated in 1952 with ASTM A30 steel. This steel has yield

strength of 30 ksi and an ultimate tensile strength of 55 ksi. These were the material properties

used for the structural calculations in the project. ASTM A30 steel was withdrawn from the

ASTM standards in 1964 (Scheumann, 2012).

The proper design of the screen is essential in order to prevent it becoming a flood risk in

itself. This design should include careful consideration for the bar spacing, screen angle and

distance from the culvert entrance. Combined with the EA’s specifications and local

requirements, the final designs were approved by the EA before the fabrication process began in

the ECS facility. Information gained about the location helps to determine the type and size of

debris likely to accumulate at the screen and as the ratio of debris length to bar spacing increases,

so does the risk of blockage. This can be combined with data relating to average flow rates,

which also influences the risk of blockage.

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 The first installation required a single tier, three-sided screen with an access ladder and

perforated platform fitted with hand railing, all of which was fabricated and assembled in ECS’s

Huthwaite premises. The new trash screen offers a much greater surface area for the water to

flow through, even if a large amount of debris has been captured, which ensures that the

increased water flow can still enter the culvert.

The second installation was a much larger, two tier screen that was designed to fit within

the existing concrete wings of the culvert entrance. Once again this design offered a greater

surface area than the original screen as well as additional access platforms to allow the collected

debris to be removed.

In each case the screen bars were manufactured in sections using the bar spacing

specified by the EA, and then bolted together on site. All of the steelwork is welded in

accordance with BS EN 1011 before it was galvanised to BS EN ISO 1461. All of the support

structures and open grid flooring sections were designed to support a fully loaded screen, while

the cranked hand railing makes the task of clearing the debris much easier (ECS, 2015).

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the research methodology. It consists of five parts: Research

Design, Area of the Study, Research Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure, and

Computations.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, the quantitative research is used to assess the stream flow discharge, the

percentage proportion of trashes, and the width and water level of the river.

AREA OF THE STUDY

The study will be conducted in Tanduyan River at Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

In the method of collecting data and development of the research instruments, the

researchers will use mechanical device like measuring tape to measure the width and depths of

water of Tanduyan River to determine the stream flow discharge depending upon (1) No Flood

with Less Trashes, (2) No Flood with More Trashes, and (3) Has Flood with More Trashes.

Also, the researchers will use application software such as AutoCAD and SketchUp to create the

Trash Trap System Design.

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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

In the Data Collection Procedure, the researchers will follow the step by step process to

obtain the data for the design.

1. The researchers will conduct a site visit and inspection.

2. The researchers will assess the factors contributing to the flooding in Tanduyan River

such as the type of trashes present in the river.

3. The researchers will measure the width and depth of the river with corresponding cross

section on each area using measuring tape.

4. After collecting the data, the researchers will do the calculation to get the stream flow

velocity and overall stream flow discharge of the river.

5. The researchers will visit the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office

(MENRO) in the Municipality of Ajuy, Provincial Environment and Natural Resources

Office (PENRO) in the DENR Office in Iloilo City, and Bureau Of Mines to check if

there are available data related to topographic survey of Tanduyan river.

6. Lastly, the researchers will analyse and interpret the data collected to formulate the

Trash Trap System Design in Tanduyan River.

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CALCULATION

 Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge

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TENTATIVE DESIGN OF THE TRASH TRAP SYSTEM IN TANDUYAN RIVER

 Front View

 Rear View

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