Grand Final GROUP 8 DESIGN OF TRASH TRAP SYSTEM IN TANDUYAN RIVER

DESIGN OF TRASH TRAP SYSTEM IN TANDUYAN RIVER, BARANGAY
TANDUYAN, AJUY, ILOILO
A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of the Civil Engineering Department
Western Institute of Technology
La Paz, Iloilo City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
CE 441– Research
Villanueva, Rowem T.
Armachuelo, Kim L.
Catapan, Conie P.
Kapaw-an, Jan Reggie B.
Orario, Riva Joy Y.
April 2022
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course CE 441 – Research, this
research paper entitled “Design of Trash Trap System in Tanduyan River, Barangay
Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo”, has been prepared and submitted by Mr. Rowem T. Villanueva,
Ms. Kim L. Armachuelo, Ms. Conie P. Catapan, Ms. Jan Reggie B. Kapaw-an, Ms.
Riva Joy Y. Orario and is recommended for acceptance and approval.
Dr. Marilou Tallador Engr. Jose Elfa Jr.
Member, Defense Panel Member, Defense Panel
Engr. Michael Joseph Monte Engr. Marjorie Alvarez
Technical Adviser Instructor
Engr. Joyce P. Jardeleza-Estilo
Head, Civil Engineering Department
Date: April 05, 2022

ABSTRACT
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION : Western Institute of Technology
ADDRESS : La Paz, Iloilo City
TITLE : Design of Trash Trap System in Tanduyan River,
Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo
AUTHOR : Villanueva, Rowem T.
Armachuelo, Kim L.
Catapan, Conie P.
Kapaw-an, Jan Reggie B.
Orario, Riva Joy Y.
TYPE OF DOCUMENT : Research Paper
FUNDING SOURCE : Personal, PhP 10,000.00
DATE STARTED : August 2021
DATE COMPLETED : April 2022
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research aimed to accomplish the following Objectives:
The General Objectives
 To design a trash trap system in Tanduyan River, Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy,
Iloilo
The Specific Objectives
 To prepare Structural and Architectural Plan.
 To design a Trash Trap System using Ultimate Strength Design.
 To assess the parameters of the Trash Trap System Design.
SCOPE AND COVERAGE
This study focused on the design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River located at
Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. The researchers aimed to create a flood proof
efficient design of trash trap since the Tanduyan river is recognized as a flood prone river
by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) of Ajuy.
The design system includes a concrete structure incorporating a trash trap that is able to
withstand against the amount of trashes such as Organic Wastes, Domestic Refuse, and
Large Household Refuse that are carried by the stream flow of the river. The researchers
will determine the Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Discharge of the river, the
classification of trashes, the Ultimate Strength Design of Beams to formulate the exact
design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River including its Architectural and Structural
Plan.
METHODOLOGY
The Quantitative Research Approach is used in this study to obtain the Total
Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Discharge of the river as based to: (1) No Flood
with Less Trash; (2) No Flood but Lots of Trashes; and (3) Has Flood with Lots of
Trashes, and for calculation of Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section
Using the Ultimate Strength Design Method based on NSCP 2015. Moreover, in the
method of collecting data and development of the research instruments, the researchers
will use mechanical device like measuring tape to measure the width and depths of water
of Tanduyan River for calculation of stream discharge. Furthermore, the researchers
used application software such as AutoCAD, SketchUp, and STAAD Pro to create the
Trash Trap System Design.
CONCLUSIONS
Upon the presented Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge presented in Table 1 &
Figure 6: No Flood with Less Trash, Table 2 & Figure 7: No Flood but Lots of Trashes,
Table 3 & Figure 8: Has Flood with Lots of Trashes, the Total Stream Velocity and
Overall Stream Flow were obtained. Moreover, the Table 1, No Flood with Less Trash,
has the lowest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow with 0.59 m/s and 0.27
m3/sec, respectively. Meanwhile the Table 3, Has Flood with Lots of Trashes, has the
highest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow with 3.31 m/s and 7.30 m 3/sec,
respectively.
Therefore, it is concluded that the stream flow of the river is strong enough to
carry trashes from upstream to downstream that may cause blockage to the river bridge
when the trashes are accumulated, whereas it will be a factor of flooding to the river
especially when there is a presence of storm water. Consequently, the higher the stream
flow velocity, the more trashes it could carry downstream. As such, the Table 3, Has
Flood with Lots of Trashes, can carry large amount of trashes such as Organic Wastes,
Domestic Refuse, and Large Household Refuse. In conclusion, the need of Trash Trap
System is a must to mitigate the risk of floods and trashes to the river.
In conclusion, there should have careful design consideration to ensure the most
efficient structure is installed. Thus, as a consideration, the researchers have come up
into using trash rack as trash trap to resist the external loadings, such as the pressure of
stream discharge, and the volume of trashes in Tanduyan river.
Moreover, the bar spacing of trash rack is 150 mm so that it can trap as little
debris as possible commensurate with the aim of preventing material that could cause a
blockage from progressing downstream while not creating conflict with any requirements
for the passage of fish or wildlife in the river. The type of Steel Rebar to be used for
trash trap is Mild Steel Bar having the diameter of 32 mm.
Furthermore, as for the Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section
using the Ultimate Strength Design (USD) Method according to NSCP 2015, the
calculated design for the Width of the Beam, b= 280 mm; the Effective Depth of the
Beam, d= 490 mm; the Overall Depth of the Beam, h= 515 mm. The researchers used
3-32 mm bars (#10). The calculated Beam Weight = 3.4 kN/m < Wb = 3.6 kN/m.
Therefore, the design requirement has been met. Meanwhile, for the Analysis of
Reinforced Concrete Beam, the Coefficient Resistance of the Beam, Rn = 3.70 MPa.
Therefore, the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Beam, Mu = 223.87 kN-m.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The research to date has highlighted a number of areas for recommendations and
trash-trap-performance related areas that would benefit from further investigation. This
research requirement is classified into two main groups with sub-categories:
1. Trash Trap System Performance for Future Researchers
a. Identification of Soil Profile Type
b. Experimental Approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap
2. External Factors for Trash Trap system
a. Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan
b. Municipal Garbage Truck Collector
Trash Trap System Performance for Future Researchers
a. Identification of Soil Profile Type

As for the recommendation for the future researchers who will conduct related
studies with our study, the researchers suggest them to further develop the study to
enhance validity and reliability of the design, as such to identify the soil profile type of
the river where the trash trap is designed to install through conducting a soil testing.
b. Experimental Approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap
According to the EA (2009, p14) ―The screen should trap as little debris as
possible commensurate with the aim of preventing material that could cause a blockage
from progressing downstream. To achieve this, the spacing between the bars of a screen
should allow as much debris to pass cleanly through the culvert as possible while still
achieving the objective of either preventing culvert blockage or unauthorised access. In
addition, the spacing must not conflict with any requirements for the passage of fish or
wildlife. Therefore, it is a recommendation for future researchers to conduct an
experimental setup and approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap considering the sizes
and classification of trashes carried by the stream flow without having conflict with the
wildlife in the river.
External Factors for Trash Trap System
a. Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan
As for the recommendation for the residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay
Tubogan, the researchers suggest them to avoid throwing trashes to the riverbank of the
river and to practice proper wastes management and disposal to lessen the presence of
trashes in the river.
b. Municipal Garbage Truck Collector
As for the recommendation for the Municipal Garbage Truck Collector, the
researchers suggest them to collect the trashes, as for installation of trash trap system,
at least once a week so that the large amount of trashes would not piled up on the trash
trap system to maintain the proper stream flow in the river.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION PAGES
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY………………………1
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY……………………………...………………...5
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION……………………………...…………………5
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY………....…………………6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.……………………………...…...………...7
DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………….……...…………………9
CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………….11
CHAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………………………..24
RESEARCH DESIGN……………………………………………………….….24
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT…………………………………………….……..24
AREA OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………….…..25
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE…………………………………….…….26
CALCULATION………………………………………………………………..27
CHAPTER IV - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………………...29
CHAPTER V - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS....54
SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………..54
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..63
RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………….....65
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………......67
LIST OF APPENDICES
DOCUMENTATIONS………………………………………………………….68
RESEARCHER’S PERSONAL INFORMATION……………………...….......70

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
Tanduyan is a barangay in the municipality of Ajuy, in the province of Iloilo. It is
situated at approximately 11.2127, 123.0027, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these
coordinates is estimated at 28.5 meters or 93.5 feet above mean sea level (PhilAtlas,
2021).
Tanduyan River serves as the source of water supply of the residents for
agricultural crops and farm animals. However, it is recognized as a flood-prone river by
the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) of Ajuy. In
addition, it has a constructed concrete bridge having 1.1 meter high, 4.1 meters wide,
and 14.7 meters long that provides passage from Barangay Tanduyan to Barangay
Tubogan of Ajuy.
The improper disposal of garbage of the residents to the riverbanks Organic
Wastes, Domestic Refuse, and Large Household Refuse have contributed to the presence
of trashes in the river that cause blockage to the waterways of the bridge. With this, the
occurrence of rainstorm, that brings storm water from mountains and farms to the river,
carries the wastes from the riverbanks to the bridge that cause the level of the water to
rapidly increase and even reach beyond the top surface of the bridge. Moreover, the
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flash flood is a major threat and inconvenience to the residents of two barangays,
Tanduyan and Tubogan, as the bridge becomes impassable. According to Udayanga
(2020), poor waste management may elevate the flood hazards in a number of ways.
Improper disposal of waste along roads could physically block the waterways,
influencing the flow of runoff in the river that directly causes flash floods in the areas.
Moreover, flooding can also result in serious injury and fatalities (FEMA, 1998;
Penning-Rowsell & Green, 2000). According to Hall et al. (2003), flooding has an
impact on many aspects of life including the natural environment and ecosystems, social
systems, infrastructure and the built environment, and economic activity. It can result in
damage due to direct contact with floodwaters but indirect damage may also occur as a
further consequence of the flood and the disruption of economic and social activities.
The assessment of damage can be broken down into tangible and intangible damages.
Tangible damages include: physical damage to buildings and their contents, damage to
infrastructure, loss of industrial production, traffic disruption and costs directly relating
to emergency response. Intangible damages are harder to quantify but as significant and
include: loss of life, short and long term health effects, ecological impacts, impact of
post-flood recovery, and the increased vulnerability of survivors (Floodsite, 2009).
Furthermore, the economic cost of flooding can be substantial. There may be a
significant loss of economic production due to damaged facilities, energy and
telecommunication failures, and the interruption of supply of intermediary goods such as

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prefabricated product components and processed materials (Messner & Meyer, 2005).
Other examples include loss of time and profits due to traffic disruption, disturbance of
markets after floods, and the disadvantages connected with reduced market and public
services. Direct damage is only a small part of the effect of flooding upon humans; there
are also huge social and environmental impacts including loss of homes, goods and
working environments and increased health risks (ICE, 2001; OFWAT, 2002).
In additon, the presence of trashes in the river may cause pollution to the water.
According to Deltawerken (2014), if water contains toxic substances or dangerous
micro-organisms, plants and animals can become sick and may even die. In some cases,
contaminated water can cause ornamentals plants to discolor, become stunted, grow
irregularly or even die (Larum, 2021).
Meanwhile, trash traps form a crucial part of the infrastructure designed to reduce
the risk of flooding in waterways and water processing sites. Where a watercourse flows
through a culvert there is an increased risk of blockage, requiring careful design
consideration to ensure the most efficient structure is installed (ECS Engineering Service,
2020). According to the EA (2009, p5), the screen should trap as little debris as possible
commensurate with the aim of preventing material that could cause a blockage from
progressing downstream. Once site requirements have been taken into consideration,
currently the main focus of screen design is on ensuring sufficient screen area is provided
to handle the expected debris load. However, a number of other trash screen
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configuration elements may also have an influence on the potential for blocking debris
passage and a better understanding of the influence of these elements is required to
ensure screen designs can be optimized in order to minimize any flood risk associated
with blockage at culvert trash screens. This is important as culverts will continue to play
an integral role in urban watercourses for the foreseeable future. (Blanc, 2013)
Hence, as a foreseen solution by the researchers to address the problems that have
been encountered by the residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan,
drivers and commuters, the researchers aim to design a trash trap system that is
beneficial for trash collection, mitigation of water pollution, and mitigation of flash
flood risks in Tanduyan River.
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The General Objectives
 To design a trash trap system in Tanduyan River, Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy,
Iloilo
The Specific Objectives
 To prepare Structural and Architectural plan.
 To design a Trash Trap System using Ultimate Strength Design.
 To assess the parameters of the Trash trap System Design.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study is to focus on the design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River
located at Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. The researchers aim to create a flood proof
efficient design of trash trap since the Tanduyan river is recognized as a flood prone river
by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) of Ajuy.
The design system includes a concrete structure incorporating a trash trap that is able to
withstand against the amount of trashes such as Organic Wastes, Domestic Refuse, and
Large Household Refuse that are carried by the stream flow of the river. The researchers
will determine the Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Discharge of the river, the
classification of trashes, the Ultimate Strength Design of Beams to formulate the exact
5
design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River including its Architectural and Structural
Plan. Moreover, the study does not cover the other barangay rivers that are connected to
Tanduyan River. Also, this study does not include the cost estimates of the design and
the river soil testing. The research study of the researchers has started August 2021 up
until the end of academic year, 2021-2022 of Western Institute of Technology.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to formulate a design of trash trap system for Tanduyan River,
Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. Furthermore, this study is beneficial to the
following:
 Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan
Improper disposal of garbage to the river and riverbanks such as Organic Wastes,
Domestic Refuse, and Large Household Refuse have contributed to the presence of
trashes in the river that cause blockage to the waterways of the bridge. By that, a
rainstorm can easily cause flash flood that reaches beyond the top surface of the bridge
which causes the bridge to become impassable. Thus, the trash trap system design is
necessary for trash collection, and mitigation of the risk of flash flood, whereas the
residents are still able to go across the bridge despite the rainstorm.
 Agricultural Crops and Farm Animals
According to Deltawerken (2014), if water contains toxic substances or
dangerous micro-organisms, plants, and animals can become sick and may even die. In
some cases, contaminated water can cause ornamentals plants to discolor, become
stunted, grow irregularly or even die (Larum, 2021). Tanduyan River serves as the
7
source of water supply of the residents for agricultural crops and farm animals. The
formulated design of trash trap system will be necessary to collect garbage and organic
waste which will help mitigate the water pollution and contamination of the river.
 Riders and Commuters
The people who travel some distance to work on a regular basis known as
commuters and riders can also benefit from this study. The flash flood becomes an
inconvenience to them since the bridge becomes impassable. This study is necessary for
trash collection that will help mitigate the risk of flash flood to the area.
 Future Researchers
The ideas presented in this study may be used by the future researchers as
reference data of review in conducting new related researches and in testing the validity
of other related findings. Moreover, this study will give them an overview on how to
further develop this study in the future.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Design
• According to Designing Buildings Wiki (2021), design is the realization of a
concept, idea or theory into a drawing, plan, specification, model, and so on that
ultimately allows a series objective to be achieved or resolved.
• In this study, the term means creating a concept of the trash trap system for
Tanduyan River.
Trash
• According Merriam Webster (2021), trashes are things that are no longer useful or
wanted and that have been thrown away, such as junk and rubbish.
• In this study, trash is a broad classification of wastes and garbage. These are the
materials carried by the flow of water of Tanduyan River that could accumulate in the
waterways of the bridge to form a blockage and may cause water pollution.
Trash Trap
• According to Naamandadin et al. (2019), Trash Trap is a tool used for the purposes
of garbage collection in drainage areas such as rivers or drains.
• In this study, Trash Trap refers to a tool used for the purpose of organic waste
and garbage collection in Tanduyan River.

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Trash Trap System
• In this study, Trash Trap System refers to the design that the researchers will create.
It is composed of a concrete structure incorporating a trash trap.
Tanduyan River
• Tanduyan River is a river located at Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo. According to
MDRRMO of Ajuy, Tanduyan River is classified as a flood prone river.
• In this study, the term refers to the area of study of the researchers.
Tanduyan
• According to PhilAtlas (2021), Tanduyan is a barangay in the municipality of Ajuy,
in the province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 780 that
represented 1.49% of the total population of Ajuy.
• In this study, Tanduyan refers to the place where the river is located.
Ajuy, Iloilo
• According to Wikipedia (2020), Ajuy is a second-class municipality in the province
of Iloilo, Philippines with a population of 53,462 people as of 2020 census.
• In this study, Ajuy refers to the municipality where Barangay Tanduyan and
Tanduyan River are located.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter primarily presents the various researches and other literatures which
have significant bearings on the variables included in the research. It focuses on several
aspects that will help in the development of this study that is generally concentrating on
the design of trash trap system in Tubogan River, Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo.
1. “Design and Development of Trash Trap Of Stream for Mini Hydro” by
Shah, M. N. M., Ahmad, F., Abdullah, M. S., et al, (2021).
Waste traps can be designed according to the type of waste that either wet or dry
waste needs to be trapped. The best waste trap is that it can collect both wet and dry
waste. Waste trap can be designed using one or a combination of screening, water flow,
11
flow separation, sedimentation and flotation. The design of the GPT should be
appropriate and convenient depending on the location in which it is to be used. The
stream has a slow flow of water, a muddy surface and is surrounded by mangrove trees.
Waste traps are designed to meet the needs of the surrounding area. Some factors need to
be considered in gross pollutant traps. Factors are the size of the waste or particles to be
caught in that location, the physical space available for the trap, the frequency of storms
or other water inflows, the average flow rate, maintenance requirements, maintenance
frequency, estimated loading of the waste, the safety of the trap and the aesthetic value
of the trap (Mohd Nizam, 2009).
2. Trash Trap
Trash screens form a crucial part of the infrastructure designed to reduce the risk
of flooding in waterways and water processing sites. Where a watercourse flows through
a culvert there is an increased risk of blockage, requiring careful design consideration to
ensure the most efficient structure is installed. A culvert represents a bottle-neck in a
watercourse and often the installation of a trash screen will help to alleviate blockages,
but the screen can also present a flood risk itself if it is not properly maintained and
cleared regularly. The amount and type of debris that is captured by the screen is
dependent upon the time of year and the location of the screen. (ECS Engineering
Service, 2020)
12
The increasing restriction at the entry point to the culvert causes the upstream
water levels to rise and reduces the maximum flow through the culvert. In order to
prevent the debris entering the culvert, where it would be difficult to remove, trash
screens are installed to capture the debris allowing it to be easily removed while also
maintaining water flow through the culvert. The proper design of the screen is essential
in order to prevent it becoming a flood risk in itself. This design should include careful
consideration for the bar spacing, screen angle, and distance from the culvert entrance.
Combined with the EA’s specifications and local requirements, the final designs were
approved by the EA before the fabrication process began in the ECS facility. Information
gained about the location helps to determine the type and size of debris likely to
accumulate at the screen and as the ratio of debris length to bar spacing increases, so
does the risk of blockage. This can be combined with data relating to average flow rates,
which also influences the risk of blockage. The installation required access ladder and
perforated platform fitted with hand railing. The new trash screen offers a much greater
surface area for the water to flow through, even if a large amount of debris has been
captured, which ensures that the increased water flow can still enter the culvert (ECS
Engineering Service, 2015).
Figure 2: Design of Trash Rack by ECS Engineering Service (2015)
Trash trap removes water from solid waste, litter, debris, and heavy sediment.
Some of the advanced design also provides for the separation of liquids to remove oil in
water. Collectively, these substances are known to be gross pollutants.
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Trash rack is a well-known device, especially in Australia. This structure is used
to prevent debris from clogging the entrance of storm water and wastewater. Litter
Control Device is a device that has been installed on open channels and pipe drain outlets
located in Australia. These devices collect litter, as do trash racks, and can therefore be
described as “soft” trash racks (Shah, 2021).
A trash rack is designed to provide protection against clogging of principal
spillways under all flow conditions at a dam. In Nebraska, tree branches, logs, and corn
stalks are the most common debris that can plug a spillway. A properly designed trash
rack prevents large debris from entering a spillway that are too large to freely pass
through, while at the same time, facilitating the passage of smaller trash. Trash racks
will become plugged if the openings of the trash rack are too small to allow small debris,
such as leaves and twigs, to pass. Trash racks are also important to prevent children and
livestock from falling into spillways (Nebraska, 2020).
Trash racks are large steel or wooden structures which prevent debris in a river
from entering the scroll case of a turbine. From a basic perspective, they are very large
filters. Trash racks are assembled by attaching a series of vertical rack bars, serving as
the straining mechanism, to a structural frame. The frame is usually constrained by the
concrete structure of a dam. Debris in the flow of the river can have a negative impact on
the turbines by physically damaging the turbines or by decreasing the generating
efficiency. Trash racks must be designed to withstand the accumulation of debris along
the face of the rack bars while operating with minimal fluid flow losses. The
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accumulation of debris and the flow losses are typically expressed by differential head in
units of feet (Scheumann, 2012).
3. Efficiencies of trash trap
According to Chiew (1998), the trapping efficiency of the device is described as
the percentage of the total mass of gross pollutants transported by storm water that the
trap maintains. A trap with poor trapping efficiency means that the trap passes through a
large proportion of the gross pollutants carried by storm water and enters downstream
water. The screen should trap as little debris as possible commensurate with the aim of
preventing material that could cause a blockage from progressing downstream (EA,
2009).
4. Selection of materials
The material in the trash trap is selected according to the suitability of the
surroundings to ensure the durability of the trap. Material selection is a crucial process
to ensure the durability of the product in any condition and most importantly, it can be
functional (Shah, 2021).
The trash racks were fabricated in 1952 with ASTM A30 steel. This steel has
yield strength of 30 ksi, and an ultimate tensile strength of 55 ksi. These were the
15
material properties used for the structural calculations in the project. ASTM A30 steel
was withdrawn from the ASTM standards in 1964 (Scheumann, 2012).
The proper design of the screen is essential in order to prevent it becoming a flood
risk in itself. This design should include careful consideration for the bar spacing, screen
angle, and distance from the culvert entrance. Combined with the EA’s specifications
and local requirements, the final designs were approved by the EA before the fabrication
process began in the ECS facility. Information gained about the location helps to
determine the type and size of debris likely to accumulate at the screen and as the ratio of
debris length to bar spacing increases, so does the risk of blockage. This can be
combined with data relating to average flow rates, which also influences the risk of
blockage.
The first installation required a single tier, three-sided screen with an access
ladder and perforated platform fitted with hand railing, all of which was fabricated and
assembled in ECS’s Huthwaite premises. The new trash screen offers a much greater
surface area for the water to flow through, even if a large amount of debris has been
captured, which ensures that the increased water flow can still enter the culvert.
The second installation was a much larger, two tier screen that was designed to fit
within the existing concrete wings of the culvert entrance. Once again, this design
offered a greater surface area than the original screen as well as additional access
platforms to allow the collected debris to be removed.
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In each case, the screen bars were manufactured in sections using the bar spacing
specified by the EA, and then bolted together on site. All of the steelwork is welded in
accordance with BS EN 1011 before it was galvanised to BS EN ISO 1461. All of the
support structures and open grid flooring sections were designed to support a fully loaded
screen, while the cranked hand railing makes the task of clearing the debris much easier
(ECS, 2015).
5. “An Analysis of the Impact of Trash Screen Design on Debris Related Blockage
at Culvert Inlets” Blanc, J. (2013)
5.1 Bars and bar spacing
achieving the objective of either preventing culvert blockage or unauthorized access. In
wildlife. The recommendations for bar spacing for trash screens vary depending on the
function of the structure the screen is associated with and the expected debris. For
example, an intake at a power station requires a much finer screen (often referred to as a
weed screen) to prevent material being drawn into the pumps than would be required at a
large culvert which may be designed to allow passage of small debris. Bar spacing of
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150mm up to 300mm are suggested but the final design needs to be site specific. Where
a screen is required for security purposes, it is recommended that the space between the
bars should not exceed 140mm. This maximum spacing should include any gaps
between the screen and the inlet structure and the bed of the watercourse. Bar design is a
compromise between strength and hydraulic impact. Narrow bars have less of an impact
on stream hydraulic performance but must still be robust enough to cope with debris
impact and any potential vandalism. In addition, the bars must allow for safe and
effective raking, therefore if cross bars are required to add strength they must be recessed
far enough to avoid the rake. Often bars are hooked at the top to allow easier collection
of debris on the working platform when raking. Current UK recommended bar
dimensions are not less than 8 × 75 mm for flat bars. Thicker (10 or 12 mm) bars may be
advisable where extra strength is required. While Clark et al. (2010) suggests that
rounding the upstream edges of the bars will slightly improve the hydraulic performance
and may reduce the propensity for the screen to trap small debris the limited benefit is
unlikely to be a justifiable additional cost. The use of circular bars will improve
hydraulic performance but there may be a corresponding reduction in rigidity when
compared to rectangular cross section bars of the same diameter. The maximum Chapter
2– Culvert and Trash Screen Design and Hydraulics 55 unsupported length of a bar
should not exceed 1.5 m. Where any bar lengths exceed 1.5m, bracing should be used.
Current guidelines suggest that galvanized mild steel is generally considered to be the
best material for bar construction (EA, 2009), however a number of installation
18
companies are now recommending using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or extra high
molecular weight polyethylene (EHMWPE) as an alternative to steel (e.g. Hydrothane
Systems, 2011; Structure Guard, 2011). The use of HDPE or EHMWPE reduces the
screen weight and may reduce maintenance requirements by offering greater abrasion
resistance and reducing the potential for corrosion. The use of HDPE screens also limits
bio-fouling and frazil ice build-up which can result in blockage. As screens using these
materials are relatively new their durability and resistance to vandalism is as yet unclear.
In addition, no available research was found documenting comparative performance of
screens constructed from different materials under particular environmental conditions
such as extreme high or low temperatures, wild fires, high debris loads or flood flows.
5.2 Screen Cleaning and Debris Removal
Debris accumulating at screens should be removed. The design of the screen
must allow safe raking for debris removal under routine and non-routine conditions.
Where there is a possibility of damage to surrounding areas from flooding resulting from
blockage of the screen, access must be available for alternative clearing methods such as
vehicle-mounted grabs if manual clearing when submerged is not possible. Three
methods of screen cleaning are commonly used:
 Manually using suitably hooked rakes
 Mechanically by specific grab systems or mobile plant
19
 Mechanically by automated screen-clearing mechanisms. If an automated method is
used its performance should be remotely monitored.
Meanwhile, the Access Ladder is provided to enable access to the main trash screen and
the culvert in order to:
• clear trash from the screen in routine/non-routine events
• inspect the culvert
• respond to emergency or safety-related issues
Figure 3 Timber and debris being manually cleared from screen on River Gaunless
(Photographs from Environment Agency, Yorkshire & North East)
20
5.3 Operation and Maintenance Routines
A key consideration in any targeted program of maintenance is whether the
blockage is contributing to a real flood risk. In some situations, the negative
visual/public impression given by debris blockages can be greater than any potential
impact on flood risk. A consistent assessment procedure is required to ensure the
maintenance regime adopted is justified. Another important consideration is that many
temporary blockages occur during flooding where the feasibility of removal is more
limited. While operation and maintenance focuses on small, routine debris loads, many
racks are designed to handle periodic large volumes of debris and not all screens will be
at equal risk from blockage. This difference can cause problems in ensuring the rack is
cleared appropriately. Some form of prioritization of the most at risk screens will
increase the efficiency of the maintenance program and help reduce potential flood risk.
Work towards developing a predictive tool that will provide a means of ranking culverts
in terms of blockage potential is currently ongoing (e.g. Wallerstein & Arthur, 2012).
5.4 Research relating to debris control performance of trash screens
A number of studies have been undertaken looking at the use of trash screens for
debris control (e.g. Ott et al., 1987; Strong & Ott, 1988; Abt et al., 1992; Lemon et al.,
1999; Wahl & Einhellig, 2000; Katopodis et al., 2005; Ho et al., 2006; Padilla & Clark,
2008; Xiang et al., 2009, Clark et al., 2010). The majority of these investigations have
focused on variations in screen discharge capacity, head loss across the screens, and the
21
effect of the screen on turbine efficiency. Very few studies have been undertaken looking
at screen performance in terms of debris blockage efficiency. An investigation by Abt et
Chapter 3 – Debris and Debris Control 85 al. (1992) assessed the performance of a trash
screen upstream of an inlet drop structure under supercritical flow conditions. They
found that localized flooding occurred once approximately 41% of the screen had become
blocked. In addition, it was noted that the location of the blockage was important as
blockages at the top of the screen due to floating debris had less impact than blockages at
the base of the screen due to non-floating debris. Experimental studies undertaken by
Padilla & Clark (2008) and Xiang et al. (2009) were aimed at increasing the
understanding of screen design for both debris removal and fish passage and assessed the
efficiency of racks at trapping debris consisting mostly of Egeria, an aquatic plant.
Although assessing different rack configurations and environments the general findings
in both studies were that racks at lower angles are more efficient at trapping debris and
racks with narrow bar spacings are more efficient at trapping debris than racks with wide
bar spacings regardless of the angle of the rack.
22
Figure 4 Debris Racks (Bradley et al., 2005; TSO, 2004)
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers the research methodology. It consists of five parts: Research
Design, Area of the Study, Research Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure, and
Computations.
RESEARCH DESIGN
23
In this study, the Quantitative Research Approach is used to obtain the Total
Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Discharge of the river as based to: (1) No Flood
with Less Trash; (2) No Flood but Lots of Trashes; and (3) Has Flood with Lots of
Trashes, and for calculation of Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section
Using the Ultimate Strength Design Method according to NSCP 2015.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
In the method of collecting data and development of the research instruments, the
researchers will use mechanical device like measuring tape to measure the width and
depths of water of Tanduyan River to determine the stream flow discharge depending
upon (1) No Flood with Less Trashes, (2) No Flood with More Trashes, and (3) Has
Flood with More Trashes. Also, the researchers will use application software such as
AutoCAD, SketchUp, and STAAD Pro to create the Trash Trap System Design.
AREA OF THE STUDY
The study will be conducted in Tanduyan River at Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy,
Iloilo, Philippines.
24
Figure 5: Section Index Map of Barangay Tanduyan from Ajuy Municipal Assessor
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
In the Data Collection Procedure, the researchers will follow the step by step
process to obtain the data for the design.
1. The researchers will conduct a site visit and inspection.
2. The researchers will assess the factors contribute to the flooding in Tanduyan
River, such as the type and classification of trashes present in the river.
3. The researchers will measure the parameters of the river with corresponding cross
section on each area using measuring tape.
4. After collecting the data, the researchers will do the calculation to get the stream
flow velocity and overall stream flow discharge of the river.
5. The researchers will visit the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Office (MENRO) in the Municipality of Ajuy, Provincial Environment and
Natural Resources Office (PENRO) in the DENR Office in Iloilo City, and
Region 6 Mines & Geosciences Bureau (MGB) to gather available data related to
topographic survey and geotechnical analysis of Tanduyan river.
25
6. Lastly, the researchers will analyse and interpret the data collected to formulate
the Trash Trap System Design in Tanduyan River, including its Architectural and
Structural plans.
CALCULATION
 Calculation of Stream Flow/ Discharge
Stream flow, or discharge, is the volume of water that moves over a designated
point over a fixed period of time. It is often expressed as cubic feet per second (ft³/sec)
or cubic meter per second (m³/s). The flow of a stream is directly related to the amount
of water moving off the watershed into the stream channel. It is affected by weather,
increasing during rainstorms and decreasing during dry periods. It also changes during
different seasons of the year, decreasing during the summer months when evaporation
rates are high and shoreline vegetation is actively growing and removing water from the
ground (EPA, 2012). According to USGS (2001), the shape of the channel is important
because of the reduction in velocity due to friction along the channel margins. In a
natural situation, an increase in discharge (cubic meter per second) will result in an
increase in all three parameters - the river becomes wider, deeper and flows at a higher
velocity.
26
In this study, the calculation for stream flow discharge was based on area
method. In doing so, the distance from left water edge, depth, width and time are
obtained. Q is discharge (m3 /s), V is flow velocity (m/s), and A is cross sectional area
of the channel (m^2). Meanwhile, the Quantitative Research Approach is used to obtain
the total stream flow velocity of the river as based to: (1) No Flood with Less Trash; (2)
No Flood but Lots of Trashes; and (3) Has Flood with Lots of Trashes.
The variables for quantitative approach: (1) No Flood with Less Trash, (2) No Flood but
Lots of Trashes, and (3) Has Flood with Lots of Trashes. The total stream velocity and
overall stream flow are obtained to each variable using the following formulas:
 For discharge (Q): Q = VA
 Velocity for each section (m/s) = width / time
 Area for each section (m²) = ½ bh
 Discharge for each section (m³/s) = V₁A₁
 Total stream velocity = V₁+ V₂+ V₃…+Vn
 Overall stream discharge = D₁+D₂+D₃…+Dn
27
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the statistical analysis done
and interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables and figures following the
sequence of the specific research objectives regarding the Design of Trash Trap System
in Tanduyan River, Brgy. Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo.
4.1 “To assess the parameters of the Trash trap System Design.”
 Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge
Stream flow, or discharge, is the volume of water that moves over a designated
point over a fixed period of time. It is often expressed as cubic meter per second
(m3/sec). The flow of a stream is directly related to the amount of water moving off the
watershed into the stream channel. It is affected by weather, increasing during
rainstorms and decreasing during dry periods. It also changes during different seasons of
the year, decreasing during the summer months when evaporation rates are high and
28
shoreline vegetation is actively growing and removing water from the ground. (EPA,
2012)
The result of calculations presented on tables and figures indicates the
three classifications of Stream Flow Discharge labelled as No Flood with Less Trash
shown on Table 1 & Figure 6; No Flood but Lots of Trashes shown on Table 2 & Figure
7; and Has Flood with Lots of Trashes shown in Table 3 & Figure 8. Each table consists
of seven columns that include the Distance from P.I. (meters), Depth of Water (meters),
Width (meters), Time (seconds), Velocity for Each Section (m/s), Area for Each
Section (m2/sec), and Discharge for Each Section (m3/sec), respectively. Meanwhile,
the row indicates the Total Stream Velocity (m/sec), and Overall Stream Flow (m3/sec).
On the other hand, each figure demonstrates the width (meters) and depth (meters) of
Tanduyan River that are subjected to changes as of the factors: No Flood with Less
Trash, No Flood but Lots of Trashes, and Has Flood with Lots of Trashes.
Table 1: Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge (No Flood with Less Trash)
29
Figure 6 Stream Discharge from Calculation of Table 1
Table 2: Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge (No Flood but Lots of Trashes)
Figure 7 Stream Discharge from Calculation of Table 2
Table 3: Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge (Has Flood with Lots of Trashes)
30
Figure 8 Stream Discharge from Calculation of Table
Upon the presented Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge, the Table 1, No
Flood with Less Trash, has obtained the Total Stream Velocity of 0.59 m/s with an
Overall Stream Flow of 0.29 m3/sec. Meanwhile the maximum depth of Tanduyan River
reaches only at 0.40 meter, while the Width of the river bank from one end to another is
2.95 meters.
On the other hand, on the Table 2, No Flood but Lots of Trashes, has obtained
the Total Stream Velocity of 1.45 m/s with an Overall Stream Flow of 1.50 m3/sec.
Meanwhile, the maximum depth of Tanduyan River reaches 1.05 meter, while the
Width of the river bank from one end to another is 4.80 meters.
For the Table 3, Has Flood with Lots of Trashes, obtained the Total Stream
Velocity of 3.31 m/s with an Overall Stream Flow of 9.19 m3/sec. Meanwhile, the
maximum depth of Tanduyan River reaches 1.75 meter, while the Width of the river
bank from one end to another is 7.30 meters.
As of the result from the Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge, the Table 1, No
Flood with Less Trash, has the lowest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow
with 0.59 m/s and 0.27 m3/sec, respectively. Meanwhile the Table 3, Has Flood with
Lots of Trashes, has the highest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow with
3.31 m/s and 7.30 m3/sec, respectively.

31
Debris availability is influenced both by the degree of flood inundation of urban
areas and the frequency of flooding. Where there are long gaps between flood events
more debris will have accumulated in the surrounding area therefore there is the potential
for higher debris loads being swept into the river during a single event than may occur if
flooding is more frequent. Moreover, during a flood, debris is swept into the
watercourse from the surrounding banks and redistributed throughout the river network.
This process depends on the flood volume, discharge, channel characteristics, the size
and geometry of the pieces of debris relative to the channel width, orientation of the
debris relative to the channel alignment, weight and buoyancy of the debris, and the
hydraulic characteristics and geometry of the banks and channels (Braudrick et al., 1997;
Braudrick & Grant, 2001; Haga et al., 2002; Bradley et al., 2005; Bocchiola et al.,
2006a, 2006b). Once in the watercourse debris may move by rolling, sliding or floating.
carry trashes from upstream to downstream that may cause blockage to the river bridge,
if trashes are accumulated, whereas it will be a factor of flooding to the river especially
when there is a presence of storm water. Consequently, the higher the stream flow
velocity, the more trashes it could carry downstream. As such, the Table 3, Has Flood
with Lots of Trashes, can carry large amount of trashes such as Organic Wastes,
32
 Bar Type & Spacing of Trash Trap
According to the EA (2009, p14), the screen should trap as little debris as
achieving the objective of either preventing culvert blockage or unauthorized access. In
addition the spacing must not conflict with any requirements for the passage of fish or
150 mm up to 300 mm are suggested but the final design needs to be site specific. Where
a screen is required for security purposes it is recommended that the space between the
bars should not be lesser than 140 mm.
Therefore, the bar spacing of trash rack is 150 mm so that it can trap as little
33
 Sources of Debris
According to Blanc (2009), a watercourse normally carries floating as well as
submerged debris. The volumes of debris can increase substantially during flood flow
conditions and can cause blockage problems at hydraulic structures such as culverts. An
accumulation of debris at a culvert changes the flow patterns and may create adverse flow
conditions including substantially raised water levels resulting in flooding. The selection
of an appropriate control measure will depend on the type and volume of debris arriving
at the structure. To help in establishing appropriate controls it is useful to classify the
different types of debris. With this, the researchers have split trashes present in
Tanduyan River into five main types as outlined in Table 4.
Table 4: Classification of Trashes in Tanduyan River
34
4.3 TOPOGRAPHIC DATA
Figure 9 Topographic Maps of Tanduyan River from PENRO
4.2 To design a trash trap system using ultimate strength design.
Reinforced Cement Concrete

The ideal material to be used for the design of the researcher’s trash trap system is
reinforced concrete or reinforced cement concrete. It is a versatile composite material
that is widely used in construction industry. Reinforced concrete is very durable, it only
requires low maintenance costs and it is cheaper than steel structures. Reinforced
concrete is usually designed by using Ultimate Strength Design. The thermal mass of
this material is good, and it is fire resistant. To increase the reinforced concrete
35
overall strength, steel rods, wires, mesh, or cables can be embedded in the concrete.
This reinforcement is known as a method that can resist tensile forces. These reinforced
concrete and reinforced steel bars are materials that are able to resist the different forces
that effectively act on concrete as a single structural element to form a strong bond.
Reinforced concrete can be determined as precast or cast-in-place concrete. It is used in a
wide range of applications such as in slab, wall, beam, column, foundation,
and frame construction. Reinforcement is commonly placed at the parts of
the concrete that are likely subjected to tension, like in the lower portion of beams.
Usually it has a minimum thickness of 50 mm cover both above and below the steel
reinforcement in order to resist spilling and corrosion which
can lead to structural instability. The reinforced concrete clearly has lots advantage
compared to other materials. It is budget-friendly and easy to install. (Britannica, 2020)
Ultimate Strength Design method (USD)

The researchers used the Ultimate Strength Design (USD) method for the
reinforced concrete analysis and design of our trash trap system for Tanduyan river. The
Ultimate Strength Design method in reinforced concrete is used extensively in many
countries for structural design. In this method, the behavior of structural elements is
evaluated at their ultimate failure state rather than under service loads. Design loads are
factored up to the ultimate strength levels in proportion to the degree of uncertainty in the
load. Material strengths are similarly reduced in proportion to the level of confidence in
the material strength, and to the consequences of the failures in certain modes. This
method distinguishes the nonlinear behavior of materials and the importance of applying
safety factors in proportion to the degree of uncertainty for specific materials loading
conditions. Moreover, the basic assumptions of mechanics for USD are similar to those
of the WSD. They are identical to those listed above for WSD, with the exception that
stress is not assumed to be proportional to strain. Also, sections are proportioned to
ensure that at ultimate load levels, the steel reinforcement has exceeded its yield strain,
36
and the masonry has just reached a state compressive failure, i.e., the compressive
strain in masonry at the moment of crushing is assumed to be equal to 0.003. (Britannica,
2020)
Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Section

The given used for the calculation in RC section was based on the data of the researchers
design, NSCP 2015 and standard structural specifications.
The researchers design a singly reinforced rectangular beam for a 4.5m simple span to
support a superimposed dead load of 30Kn/m and live load of 45kN/m. The researchers
f'
assume the normal weight of the concrete γ = 24kN/m³, the concrete strength C = 20.7
MPa, and steel yield

f y =415MPa.
Calculations for Design:
L=4.5 m
DL=30 kN /m
3
Assume Normal Weight Concrete, γ=24 kN/m
f ' C =20 .7 MPa
f y =415 MPa
37
Assuming a 300mm × 500mm, Wb = 24(0.3+0.5) = 3.6 kN/m
Factored Load:
W U =1 . 4 W DL+ 1. 7 W LL
W U =1 . 4 (30+ 3. 6 )+1. 7( 45)
W U =123 . 54 kN −m
38
Factored Moment:
Wu L 8
M u=
8
2
123. 54( 4 . 5)
M u=
8
M =312 .71 kN −m
β 1=0. 85
0 . 85 f ' C β 1 600
ρb =
f y ( 600+ f y )
0 . 85(20 .7 )(0 . 85)( 600 )
ρb =
415( 600+415 )
ρb =0 . 02130
ρ= ρmax =0 . 75( 0 .02130 )=0 . 01598
ρmin =
√ f 'C = √20 . 7 =0 . 00274
4fy 4 ( 415)
ρmax > ρ min
ρf y
ω=
f 'C
0 . 01598( 415 )
ω=
20 .7
ω=0 .32037
Rn =f ' C ω (1−0 .59 ω )

Rn =20 .7 ( 0 .32037 )[ 1−0 .59( 0. 32037 )]
Rn =5 .38 MPa
39
Assume d=1.79b:
M U =φRn bd 2
312. 71×10 6=0. 90(5 . 38)(b )(1 .75 b )2
b=276 mm→say 280 mm
d=1 .75 (276)=483→ say 490 mm
Therefore use b=280 mm and d=490 mm
Minimum Beam Thickness

( Section 409 . 6 . 2. 1) :
L f
hmin = ( 0 . 4+ y )
16 700
4500 415
hmin = ( 0 . 4+ )
16 700
hmin =279 mm
A s = ρ bd
A s =0 . 01598( 280)( 490)
A s =2192 mm2
40
As 219 m 2 50
Using3m bars(¿10bars):¿N= ¿N= ¿N=2.73≈ bars¿ h=490+ ¿h=51 m >hmin¿ BeamWeight=24(0.28)(0.51 )¿BeamWeight=3.4kN/m<3.6kN/m∴ok¿
Ab π 2 2
(32)
4
41
Calculations for Analysis:
For moment capacity, M u :
A
ρ= s
bd
2192
ρ=
280 ( 490 )
ρ= 0. 01598< ρ b =0 .02130 steel yields
ρf y
ω=
f 'C
0 . 01598( 415 )
ω=
20 .7
ω=0 .32037
Rn =f ' C ω ( 1−0 .59 ω )

Rn =20 .7 ( 0 .32037 )[ 1−0 .59( 0. 32037 )]
Rn =3 .70 MPa→ coefficient of resistance of the beam
M u= φR n bd 2
M u= 0. 90 ( 0. 32037 )[ 1−0 .59( 0 . 32037) ]
M u= 223. 87 kN / m→ the ultimate moment capacity of the beam
b = 280mm
Checking for Spacing:

3 pcs of 32mm φ bars
d=490mm
200− 32(3 )
h = 515mm
x=
3 - #10 2
x=52 mm>32 mm∴ ok
Cover 510mm
≥db or 25 mm
200mm
40mm 40mm
42
Note: Spacing between parallel bars in a row
must not be less than the bar diameter db (i.e.
35mm )
nor 25mm.
Spacing between parallel bars in a layer must not be less
than 25mm (see Section 5.7.6 of NSCP).
See Section 5.7.7 for the required concrete covering.
4.3 To prepare structural and architectural plan.
 Architectural Plan of Trash Trap System
Figure 10: Trash Trap System Floor Plan

43
Figure 11: Front Elevation of Trash Trap System
Figure 12: Rear Elevation of Trash Trap System

44
Figure 13: Right Elevation of Trash Trap System
45
Figure 14: Left Elevation of Trash Trap System
 Structural Plan of Trash Trap System (SketchUp)
Figure 15: Perspective of Trash Trap System
Figure 16: Foundations and Footings of Trash Trap System
46
Figure 17: Front View of Trash Trap System
47
Figure 18: Rear View of Trash Trap System
Figure 19: Top View of Trash Trap System
48
Figure 20: Right View of Trash Trap System
Figure 21: Left View of Trash Trap System
 Structural Plan of Trash Trap System (STAAD.Pro V8iSS6)
49
Figure 22: Front View of Trash Trap System
Figure 23:
Rear View of Trash Trap System
Figure 24: Side View of Trash Trap System

50
Figure 25: Top
View of Trash Trap System
Figure 26: Isometric View of Trash Trap System

51
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter includes the summary of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations of the research study.
SUMMARY
Tanduyan River serves as the source of water supply of the residents for
agricultural crops and farm animals. However, it is recognized as a flood prone river
by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) of
Ajuy. Moreover, the improper disposal of garbage of the residents to the riverbanks,
organic wastes, domestic refuse, and large household refuse have been contributed to
the presence of trashes in the river that cause blockage to the waterways of the bridge.
As a result, the occurrence of rainstorm that brings storm water from mountains and
farms to the river, carries the wastes from the riverbanks to the bridge that cause the
level of the water rapidly increases and even reaches beyond the top surface of the
bridge. Hence, the researchers aim to design a trash trap system that is beneficial for
trash collection, mitigation of water pollution, and mitigation of flash flood risks in
Tanduyan River with its specific objectives: (1) to prepare structural and architectural
52
plan, (2) to design a trash trap system using ultimate strength deign, and (3) to assess
the parameters of the Trash Trap System Design.
To assess the parameters of the Trash Trap System Design.
The researcher created a Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge to determine
the Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Discharge considering the three factors:
(1) No Flood with Less Trash, (2) No Flood but Lots of Trashes, (3) Has Flood with
Lots of Trashes.
As the result from the Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge, the Table 1, No
Flood with Less Trash, has the lowest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow
with 0.59 m/s and 0.27 m3/sec, respectively. Meanwhile the Table 3, Has Flood with
Lots of Trashes, has the highest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow with
3.31 m/s and 7.30 m3/sec, respectively.
 Bar Spacing of Trash Trap
According to the EA (2009, p14), the screen should trap as little debris as
53
150 mm up to 300 mm are suggested but the final design needs to be site specific. Where
a screen is required for security purposes it is recommended that the space between the
bars should not be lesser than 140 mm.
To prepare Structural and Architectural Plan
 Architectural Plan
54
Figure 27: Architectural Plan of Trash Trap System
 Structural Plan of Trash Trap System
Figure 28: Architectural Plan of Trash Trap System (SketchUp)
55
Figure 29: Structural Plan of Trash Trap System (STAAD)
56
To design a trash trap system using ultimate strength design.
Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Section

The given used for the calculation in RC section was based on the data of the
researchers design, NSCP 2015 and standard structural specifications.
The researchers design a singly reinforced rectangular beam for a 4.5m simple
span to support a superimposed dead load of 30Kn/m and live load of 45kN/m. The
researchers assume the normal weight of the concrete γ = 24kN/m³, the concrete strength
f ' C = 20.7 MPa, and steel yield f y =415MPa.
As for the Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section using the Ultimate
Strength Design (USD) Method according to NSCP 2015, the calculated design for the
Width of the Beam, b= 280 mm; the Effective Depth of the Beam, d= 490 mm; the
Overall Depth of the Beam, h= 515 mm. The researchers used 3-32 mm bars (#10). The
calculated Beam Weight = 3.4 kN/m < Wb = 3.6 kN/m. Therefore, the design
requirement has been met. Meanwhile, for the Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam,
the Coefficient Resistance of the Beam, Rn = 3.70 MPa. Therefore, the Ultimate
Moment Capacity of the Beam, Mu = 223.87 kN-m.
Note: Spacing between parallel bars in a row must not be less than the bar diameter db
(i.e. 35mm ) nor 25mm. Spacing between parallel bars in a layer must not be less than
25mm (see Section 5.7.6 of NSCP). See Section 5.7.7 for the required concrete
57
covering.
CONCLUSIONS
Upon the presented Calculation of Stream Flow Discharge presented in Table 1
& Figure 6: No Flood with Less Trash, Table 2 & Figure 7: No Flood but Lots of
Trashes, Table 3 & Figure 8: Has Flood with Lots of Trashes, the Total Stream Velocity
and Overall Stream Flow were obtained. Moreover, the Table 1, No Flood with Less
Trash, has the lowest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow with 0.59 m/s and
0.27 m3/sec, respectively. Meanwhile the Table 3, Has Flood with Lots of Trashes, has
the highest Total Stream Velocity and Overall Stream Flow with 3.31 m/s and 7.30
m3/sec, respectively.
carry trashes from upstream to downstream that may cause blockage to the river bridge
when the trashes are accumulated, whereas it will be a factor of flooding to the river
especially when there is a presence of storm water. Consequently, the higher the stream
flow velocity, the more trashes it could carry downstream. As such, the Table 3, Has
Flood with Lots of Trashes, can carry large amount of trashes such as Organic Wastes,
58
In conclusion, there should have careful design consideration to ensure the
most efficient structure is installed. Thus, as a consideration, the researchers have come
up into using trash rack as trash trap to resist the external loadings, such as the pressure
of stream discharge, and the volume of trashes in Tanduyan river.
Moreover, the bar spacing of trash rack is 150 mm so that it can trap as little
Furthermore, as for the Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section
using the Ultimate Strength Design (USD) Method according to NSCP 2015, the
calculated design for the Width of the Beam, b= 280 mm; the Effective Depth of the
Beam, d= 490 mm; the Overall Depth of the Beam, h= 515 mm. The researchers used
3-32 mm bars (#10). The calculated Beam Weight = 3.4 kN/m < Wb = 3.6 kN/m.
Therefore, the design requirement has been met. Meanwhile, for the Analysis of
Reinforced Concrete Beam, the Coefficient Resistance of the Beam, Rn = 3.70 MPa.
Therefore, the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Beam, Mu = 223.87 kN-m.
59
RECOMMENDATIONS
The research to date has highlighted a number of areas for recommendations and
trash-trap-performance related areas that would benefit from further investigation. This
research requirement is classified into two main groups with sub-categories:
3. Trash Trap System Performance for Future Researchers
c. Identification of Soil Profile Type
d. Experimental Approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap
4. External Factors for Trash Trap system
c. Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan
d. Municipal Garbage Truck Collector
Trash Trap System Performance for Future Researchers
c. Identification of Soil Profile Type
As for the recommendation for the future researchers who will conduct related
studies with our study, the researchers suggest them to further develop the study to
enhance validity and reliability of the design, as such to identify the soil profile type of
the river where the trash trap is designed to install through conducting a soil testing.
d. Experimental Approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap
60
wildlife. Therefore, it is a recommendation for future researchers to conduct an
experimental setup and approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap considering the sizes
and classification of trashes carried by the stream flow without having conflict with the
wildlife in the river.
External Factors for Trash Trap System
c. Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan
As for the recommendation for the residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay
Tubogan, the researchers suggest them to avoid throwing trashes to the riverbank of the
river and to practice proper wastes management and disposal to lessen the presence of
trashes in the river.
d. Municipal Garbage Truck Collector
As for the recommendation for the Municipal Garbage Truck Collector, the
researchers suggest them to collect the trashes, as for installation of trash trap system,
61
at least once a week so that the large amount of trashes would not piled up on the trash
trap system to maintain the proper stream flow in the river.
REFERENCES
 Clark, S. P., Tsikata, J. M. & Haresign, M., 2010. Experimental study of energy
loss through submerged trashracks. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 48(1), pp113-
118.
 EA, 2009. Trash and Security Screen Guide. Bristol, Environment Agency.
 EA, 2010. Environment Agency Fluvial Design Guide. [online],
http://evidence.environmentagency.gov.uk/FCERM/en/FluvialDesignGuide/
Chapter7.aspx?pagenum=4, [Accessed 20/9/2012]
 Wallerstein, N.P. & Arthur, S., 2012. Improved methods for predicting trash
delivery to culverts protected by trash screens. Journal of Flood Risk
Management, 5(1), pp23-36.
 Padilla, R. & Clark, K., 2008. Debris Rack: Debris Capture and Fish Passage,
BayDelta Office Memorandum, California Department of Water Resources.
[online],
http://baydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/ndelta/fishery/documents/DWR_memo_03100
8UCD_TDF_Debris%20rack%20study.pdf, [Accessed 19/09/2010].
 Blanc, J. (2013). An analysis of the impact of trash screen design on debris
related blockage at culvert inlets (Doctoral dissertation, Heriot-Watt University).

62
 Shah, M. N. M., Ahmad, F., Abdullah, M. S., Musa, M. K., Abidin, N. I., Harun,
H., ... & Lee, T. Y. (2021). Design and development of trash trap of stream for
mini hydro. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 2105-2111.
LIST OF APPENDICES
DOCUMENTATIONS
 Brainstorming
Figure 30: Proposed Research Titles
and Research Titles Defense
 Site Visit
63
Figure 31: Flood and Trashes on Tanduyan River
 Data Collection from Good Offices
Figure 32: Mines Geosciences Bureau (MGB), Iloilo visitation.
64
Figure 33: Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO),
Iloilo visitation.
 Research Study Defense
65
Figure 34: Chapter 1 to Chapter 3 Defense
Figure 35: Research Study Final Defense
RESEARCHER’S PERSONAL INFORMATION
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Rowem T. Villanueva

Address: Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo
Date of Birth: April 03, 2000
Age: 22
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Place of Birth: Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo
Father’s Name: Ronel B. Villanueva
Mother’s Name: Melba T. Villanueva
Cellphone Number: 09129449997
Email Address: villanueva.rowemtce1965@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Level School Year

College Western Institute of Technology 2018-2022
Senior High School Ajuy National High School 2016-2018
Junior High School Ajuy National High School 2012-2016
66
Elementary Adcadarao Elementary School 2006-2012
Kindergarten Tanduyan Day-care Center 2004-2005
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Kim L. Armachuelo

Address: Brgy. Barrio Calinog, Calinog, Iloilo
Date of Birth: June 5, 1999
Age: 22
Place of Birth: St. Claire Medical Center, Makati City
Father’s Name: Vicente B. Armachuelo
Mother’s Name: Vilma L. Armachuelo
Email Address: armachuelo.kimlce1965@gmail.com
Level School Year

Senior High School Polytechnic University of the Philippines 2016-2018
Junior High School La Immaculada Concepcion School 2012-2016
Elementary God’s Grace Christian School 2006-2012
Kindergarten God’s Grace Christian School 2004-2005
67
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Conie P. Catapan

Address: Brgy. Malag-it, Calinog, Iloilo
Date of Birth: October 29, 1999
Age: 22
Place of Birth: Calinog, Iloilo
Father’s Name: Wilfredo L. Catapan
Mother’s Name: Yolanda P. Catapan
Email Address: catapan.coniepce1965@gmail.com
Level School Year

Senior High School Calinog National Comprehensive High School 2016-2018
Junior High School Esteban S. Javellana Memorial High School 2012-2016
Elementary Guiso Elementary School 2006-2012
Kindergarten Malag-it Elementary School 2004-2005
68
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Jan Reggie B. Kapaw-an

Address: Pagdugue, Dumangas, Iloilo
Date of Birth: January 25, 2000
Age: 22
Place of Birth: Western Visayas Medical Center
Father’s Name: Patricio V. Kapaw-an Jr.
Mother’s Name: Analene B. Kapaw-an
Email Address: kapawan.janreggiebce1965@gmail.com
Level School Year

Senior High School Dumangas National High School 2016-2018
Junior High School Dumangas National High School 2012-2016
Elementary Pagdugue Elementary School 2006-2012
Kindergarten Pagdugue Elementary School 2004-2005
69
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Riva Joy. Y. Orario

Address: Zone III Bo. Obrero, Iloilo
Date of Birth: August 22, 2000
Age: 21
Religion: Born Again Christian
Place of Birth: Doctor’s Hospital Inc., Bacolod City
Father’s Name: Randy A. Orario
Mother’s Name: Jennifer Y. Orario
Email Address: orario.rivajoyyce1965@gmail.com
Level School Year

Senior High School Western Institute of Technology 2016-2018
Junior High School San Jose Catholic School 2012-2016
Elementary Sapi-an Elementary School 2006-2012
Kindergarten St. Anne School 2004-2005
70

Grand Final GROUP 8 DESIGN OF TRASH TRAP SYSTEM IN TANDUYAN RIVER

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DESIGN OF TRASH TRAP SYSTEM IN TANDUYAN RIVER, BARANGAY

TANDUYAN, AJUY, ILOILO

The Faculty of the Civil Engineering Department

Western Institute of Technology

La Paz, Iloilo City

Of the Requirements for the Course

Kapaw-an, Jan Reggie B.

Orario, Riva Joy Y.

Riva Joy Y. Orario and is recommended for acceptance and approval.

Dr. Marilou Tallador Engr. Jose Elfa Jr.

Member, Defense Panel Member, Defense Panel

Engr. Michael Joseph Monte Engr. Marjorie Alvarez

Technical Adviser Instructor

Engr. Joyce P. Jardeleza-Estilo

Head, Civil Engineering Department

Date: April 05, 2022

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION : Western Institute of Technology

ADDRESS : La Paz, Iloilo City

TITLE : Design of Trash Trap System in Tanduyan River,

Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy, Iloilo

AUTHOR : Villanueva, Rowem T.

Kapaw-an, Jan Reggie B.

Orario, Riva Joy Y.

TYPE OF DOCUMENT : Research Paper

FUNDING SOURCE : Personal, PhP 10,000.00

DATE STARTED : August 2021

DATE COMPLETED : April 2022

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This research aimed to accomplish the following Objectives:

The General Objectives

 To design a trash trap system in Tanduyan River, Barangay Tanduyan, Ajuy,

 To prepare Structural and Architectural Plan.

 To design a Trash Trap System using Ultimate Strength Design.

 To assess the parameters of the Trash Trap System Design.

SCOPE AND COVERAGE

of Tanduyan River for calculation of stream discharge. Furthermore, the researchers

Trash Trap System Design.

efficient structure is installed. Thus, as a consideration, the researchers have come up

stream discharge, and the volume of trashes in Tanduyan river.

trash trap is Mild Steel Bar having the diameter of 32 mm.

Furthermore, as for the Design and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section

Therefore, the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Beam, Mu = 223.87 kN-m.

research requirement is classified into two main groups with sub-categories:

1. Trash Trap System Performance for Future Researchers

a. Identification of Soil Profile Type

b. Experimental Approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap

2. External Factors for Trash Trap system

a. Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan

b. Municipal Garbage Truck Collector

Trash Trap System Performance for Future Researchers

a. Identification of Soil Profile Type

b. Experimental Approach for Bar Spacing of the Trash Trap

achieving the objective of either preventing culvert blockage or unauthorised access. In

wildlife. Therefore, it is a recommendation for future researchers to conduct an

wildlife in the river.

External Factors for Trash Trap System

a. Residents of Barangay Tanduyan and Barangay Tubogan

trashes in the river.

b. Municipal Garbage Truck Collector

trap system to maintain the proper stream flow in the river.

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION PAGES

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY………………………1