5300.

 Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details & 
5000 Concrete Structures and Construction
5000. Concrete Structures and Construction 
Tolerances
• Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
5100
• Objective and Scope
• Prestressed Concrete – Provide introductory level review of Reinforcing 
Provide introductory level review of Reinforcing
5200

Bars, Reinforcing Details & Tolerances
• Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details & Tolerances
Reinforcing Bars Reinforcing Details & Tolerances
5300 – Present and discuss
• Concrete Containments, Modular Construction& 
, • Reinforcing Bar Specifications
5400 Mass Concrete • Mechanical Splices
• Specifications for Tolerances

5500 • Durability, NDE & Masonry

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 1 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 2

5300. Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details &  5300. Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details & 
Tolerances Tolerances
5310 • 5310 ‐ Reinforcing Bars 5310 • 5310 ‐ Reinforcing Bars

5320 5320
• 5320 ‐ Mechanical Splices • 5320 ‐ Mechanical Splices

5330 5330
• 5330 ‐
5330 Tolerances & Construction Details
Tolerances & Construction Details • 5330 ‐
5330 Tolerances & Construction Details
Tolerances & Construction Details

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 3 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 4

 5310 ‐ Reinforcing Bars Fabrication of Reinforcing Bars 
Delivery Inventory

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 5 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 6

Fabrication of Reinforcing Bars  Fabrication of Reinforcing Bars 
Shear Line Bender

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 7 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 8

 Fabrication of Reinforcing Bars 
Reinforcing Steel Specifications
Reinforcing Steel Specifications
Automatic Bender

• Bar Specifications
− A615 –
A615 Plain carbon steel
Pl i b t l
− A706 – Low alloy steel
− A1035 
A1035 – Low carbon/chromium steel
Low carbon/chromium steel
• Coated & Corrosion Resistant Steel
−  A775 –
A775 Epoxy coated rebar
Epoxy coated rebar
−  A767 – Galvanized rebar
−  A1055 
A1055 – Galvanized & Epoxy coated
Galvanized & Epoxy coated
−  A955 – Stainless steel

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 9 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 10

Reinforcing Steel Specifications
Bar Sizes
Bar Sizes Reinforcing Steel Specifications
Reinforcing Steel Specifications

•Inch‐pound bar size designations represent 1/8 
inch fractions

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 11 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 12

 Reinforcing Steel Specifications
Reinforcing Steel Specifications Reinforcing Bar Markings
Reinforcing Bar Markings

• Tensile Requirements
g q
• Bending Requirements
− Withstand bending without cracking
• Permissible Variation in Weight
• Permissible Variation in Weight
− At least 94% of nominal weight
• Deformations
D f ti
− Orientation, size, spacing, height
• Marking
− Mill, bar size, type, grade

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 13 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 14

Reinforcing Steel Surface Conditions
Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel
Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel

CRSI Manual of Standard Practice Section 8.3

CRSI Manual of Standard Practice ‐ Section 8 3 • To correct bars partially embedded in concrete due 
to incorrect fabrication, incorrect placement, 
• At
At the time of placement, all reinforcing  bars shall 
th ti f l t ll i f i b h ll accidental misalignment or design change
be free of mud, oil, or other deleterious materials
• Reinforcing bars with rust, mill scale, or a
R i f i b ith t ill l • In
In‐situ bending is prohibited unless shown on 
situ bending is prohibited unless shown on
combination of both should be considered as drawings or specifically authorized by the engineer
satisfactory, provided that the minimum 
ti f t id d th t th i i
dimensions, weight, and height of deformations of  • Limited to bar size #11 and smaller
a hand‐wire‐brushed specimen are not less than
h d i b h d i t l th
the applicable ASTM specification requirements

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 15 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 16

 Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel
Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel
Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel

• Bend diameters must conform to ACI 318
•• Bar sizes #3 through #5 and if were previously 
Bar sizes #3 through #5 and if were previously
unbent, can be bent cold
• Bar sizes #3 through #5 and if were previously bent, 
must be heated prior to straightening and re‐bending
• Bar sizes #6 through #11 must be heated prior to 
straightening and/or bending
straightening and/or bending

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 17 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 18

Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel

Field Bending of Reinforcing Steel Field Cutting of Reinforcing Steel
Field Cutting of Reinforcing Steel

• Bolt cutters for bar sizes #10 to #16
• Abrasive saw on any bar size
Ab i b i
• Cutting torch on any bar size
• Cutting torch on any bar size
− Tests indicate no more than 3/8” from end of bar  
is effected by heat
is effected by heat

• Flame cutting of epoxy
Flame cutting of epoxy‐coated
coated bars will 
bars will
damage the coating, proper repair is 
necessary
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 19 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 20
 Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Bars
Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Bars Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Bars
Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Bars

• Nylon slings or other padded material to lift  • Nylon slings or other padded material to lift 
bars bars
• Lift and set bars into place • Lift and set bars into place
− Bars are not to be dragged into place − Bars are not to be dragged into place

• Minimize walking on bars
Mi i i lki b • Minimize walking on bars
Mi i i lki b
− Set up a walkway − Set up a walkway

• Bars to be visually inspected for damage after  • Bars to be visually inspected for damage after 
placement
l t placement
l t
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 21 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 22

5300. Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details &  5320 ‐ Mechanical Splices

Tolerances Splicing Reinforcing Steel
5310 • 5310 ‐ Reinforcing Bars

5320
• 5320 ‐ Mechanical Splices

5330
• 5330 ‐
5330 Tolerances & Construction Details
Tolerances & Construction Details

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 23 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 24

 Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options Type 1 and Type 2 mechanical splices
Type 1 and Type 2 mechanical splices

• Lap Splices • Type 1 splices are used in elements where  there is 
•   Type 1 splices are used in elements where there is
little concern for inelastic deformations and elevated 
• Welded Splices
ld d l t il t
tensile stresses from seismic events
f i i t
• Type 2 splices have proven, through accepted 
• Mechanical Splices
M h i l S li industry testing, the ability to develop the specified
− Compression only splices tensile strength of the spliced bars for resistance to 
− Tension‐compression splices elevated tensile stresses
− Tension compression lap splices
T i i l li • In ACI 318, Chapter 21, Type 2 mechanical splices are 
In ACI 318 Chapter 21 Type 2 mechanical splices are
required to develop the specified tensile strength of 
the bars being spliced
the bars being spliced
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 25 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 26

Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options

Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options

• Compression‐only mechanical splices • Compression‐only mechanical splices (Cont’d)
− Engineer should confirm that the splice will not be
E i h ld fi th t th li ill t b − Except for a steel‐filled coupling sleeve, ACI 318 
j
subjected to stress reversal q
requires that the ends of the bars be sawcut, or cut
by some other means, within 1‐1/2 degrees of 
− Temporary stress reversals might be brought  
square to the bar longitudinal axis ACI 318 also
square to the bar longitudinal axis. ACI 318 also
about by a dynamic condition
requires that an end‐bearing splice device be
−  When loading is less certain, tension
When loading is less certain, tension‐compression
compression
capable of holding the bars in concentric bearing
splices are recommended
contact

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 27 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 28

 Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Strap‐type Steel Coupling Sleeve
Steel‐filled Coupling Sleeve
• By means of an 
exothermic process
exothermic process, 
• Compression‐ molten filler solidifies 
only mechanical
only mechanical around the
around the 
splice  deformations on the 
bar and internal
bar and internal 
grooves of the sleeve, 
creating a mechanical
creating a mechanical 
interlock; good also in 
tension
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 29 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 30

Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice
Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice
•Bolted

• Cold‐swaged steel coupler
g p
with taper‐threaded ends 

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 31 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 32

 Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice 
Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice 

•Bolt heads shear off when proper values are reached
• Shear screw and wedge coupling sleeve
• Shear screw and wedge coupling sleeve

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 33 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 34

Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
g p g p
Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice  Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice 

• Coupler for thread like deformed reinforcing bars

•  Coupler for thread‐like deformed reinforcing bars ••  Transition cold‐swaged coupler with taper‐threaded 
Transition cold swaged coupler with taper threaded
ends

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 35 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 36

 Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Tension‐compression Mechanical Splice  Mechanical Lap Splice
• Grout filled coupling sleeve
•  Grout‐filled coupling sleeve
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
Mechanical Lap Splice 
• Steel coupling sleeve with wedge
•  Steel coupling sleeve with wedge
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000
Reinforcing Steel Splicing Options
 
• Shear screw and double wedge coupling sleeve
• Shear screw and double‐wedge coupling sleeve
37 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 38
Mechanical Splices Summary
Mechanical Splices ‐
•  It may be necessary to determine whether particular
mechanical splices are acceptable to local code or
building officials. The mechanical splice 
manufacturer should normally be the principal party
manufacturer should normally be the principal party 
to obtain the necessary recognition or approval of 
t e sp c g p oducts t a u actu es
the splicing products it manufactures
• The engineer should approve all splices on the project
that are appropriate for certain conditions of
that are appropriate for certain conditions of 
inelastic behavior or repeated reverse loading, which 
should be considered in seismic design
should be considered in seismic design
39 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 40
 Mechanical Splices – Summary (Cont
Mechanical Splices – Summary (Cont’d)
d) Mechanical Splices – Summary (Cont
Mechanical Splices – Summary (Cont’d)
d)
•  Where no special requirements or job conditions 
Where no special requirements or job conditions
exist that either favor or preclude the use of a  •  Inspection or quality assurance is needed to ensure
particular mechanical splice, as in certain Type 1
particular mechanical splice, as in certain Type 1 
satisfactory performance. Splice manufacturers can
if f S li f
splice applications, project specifications should be 
left open
left open provide installation acceptance criteria for field
•  Installation instructions and performance data  inspection
should be secured directly from the manufacturers of
should be secured directly from the manufacturers of  •  Testing can be performed to verify that a particular
Testing can be performed to verify that a particular
the mechanical splices. Manufacturer’s requirements splice type will meet specified performance 
should be referenced in design drawings and 
h ld b f di d i d i d requirements particularly in critical locations where
requirements, particularly in critical locations where 
specifications to provide greater assurance that the  Type 2 splices are used
d i
devices will be installed properly
ill b i t ll d l
BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 41 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 42

5300. Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details &  5330 ‐ Tolerances & Construction Details

Specifications for Tolerances ‐
Specifications for Tolerances Examples
Tolerances ACI 117
5310 • 5310 ‐ Reinforcing Bars
•  Placement of nonprestressed reinforcement,
measured from form surface
df f f
5320
• 5320 ‐ Mechanical Splices − When member depth (or thickness) is 4 in. 
or less............................................±1/4 in. 
5330
• 5330 ‐
5330 Tolerances & Construction Details
Tolerances & Construction Details − When member depth (or thickness) is over 4 in. 
When member depth (or thickness) is over 4 in
and not over 12 in..........................±3/8 in. 
− When member depth (or thickness) is over 12
Wh b d h ( hi k )i 12
in....................................................±1/2 in. 

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 43 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 44

 Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples
ACI 117 (Cont’d) ACI 117 (Cont’d)

•  Concrete cover measured perpendicular to
concrete surfacef
− When member depth (or thickness) is 12 in. 
or less............................................‐3/48in. 
− When member depth (or thickness) is over 12
When member depth (or thickness) is over 12
in.....................................................‐1/2in. 
− Reduction in cover shall not exceed 1/3 the
R d i i h ll d 1/3 h
specified concrete cover

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 45 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 46

Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples

ACI 117 (Cont’d) ACI 117 (Cont’d)
Placement of prestressing reinforcement or
prestressing ducts
• Horizontal deviation
− Element depth (or thickness) 24 in or less
− Element depth (or thickness) 24 in. or less.............. ±1/2 in
±1/2 in
− Element depth (or thickness) over 24 in. .................. ±1 in. 
• Vertical deviation
− Element depth (or thickness) 8 in. or less.................. ±1/4 in
− Element depth (or thickness) > 8 in. but ≤24 in…...... ±3/8in
− Element depth (or thickness) over 24 in. .................... ±1 /2in

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 47 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 48

 Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples
ACI 117 (Cont’d) ACI 117 (Cont’d)

• Bearing plate for prestressing tendons • Deviation from location ‐ Foundations

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 49 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 50

Specifications for Tolerances ‐ Examples
Economical Concrete Construction
Economical Concrete Construction
ACI 117 (Cont’d)
• Horizontal deviation

• Formwork

• Concrete

• Reinforcement

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 51 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 52

 Economical Concrete Construction
Economical Concrete Construction Economical Concrete Construction
Economical Concrete Construction
F
Formwork 50%; Concrete 30%; Reinforcing 20%
k 50% C t 30% R i f i 20%
•  Minimizing material quantities can lead to 
“inefficient” designs
Typical Conventionally Reinforced
Cast-In-Place Concrete Frame Costs

20%
Formwork
50% Concrete
30% Reinforcing

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 53 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 54

Economical Concrete Construction

Economical Concrete Construction Economical Concrete Construction
l

• Keep Formwork • Material savings does not offset forming costs
− Simple

− Repetitious

− Standard
• Form sizes
• Lumber dimensions
Lumber dimensions

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 55 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 56

 Beam Column Intersections
Beam ‐ Column Intersections Fl
Floor Framing Systems
F i S t

•  Size beams and joists the same depth

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 57 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 58

5300. Reinforcing Bars, Reinforcing Details & 
Floor Framing Systems
Floor Framing Systems
Tolerances

• Objective and Scope Met
– Provided introductory level review of Reinforcing 
id d i d l l i f i f i
Bars, Reinforcing Details & Tolerances
– Presented and discussed
• Reinforcing Bar Specifications
g p
• Mechanical Splices
• Specifications for Tolerances
p

BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 59 BMA Engineering, Inc. – 5000 60