CEP Report

(Linear Control System)_

Student Name: ID
1-Yasir Hussain (F19603013)
2-Mudassir Jaleel (F19603005)
3-Fatima Sajid (F19603003)

Course Name: Linear Control System

Professor Name:Dr.Muhammad Abu Bkr

Abstract:
A controlling system of the fluid flow measurement is needed in industrial processes. Determination of the
water quantity is also used to reduce the volume of water usage in the holding tank varies. The effort to
overcome this problem has made using a system for regulating performances while a water flow based on the
tank volume controlled using a PID system. This system uses a flow sensor to detect the water speed, an electric
ball valve as an actuator. In principles, this tool is used to stabilize the output water speed per minute at a
predetermined set point. This study is focused in five designed method comparison in associated with a water
level without control, standard PID method.
Introduction:
In general, a physical mechanism of the water level system (WLS) is analyzed while the estimated linear model
is also constructed to represent the dynamic property of the WLS around the equilibrium point In addition, the
identification method recognizes a dynamic character of the WLS using measured input and output data.
Technically, the water tank level instrument is developed using a nonlinear time process control system, which
can be modeled globally or partially as a water system. Moreover, different models lead to different control
strategies which are very important for the overall control system design. Water level control systems are used
to control water circulation and the level of water. These processes may include, water dams, petrochemical
process plants, water treatment plants, pharmaceuticals, and food processing plants, overhead tanks and others.
A device that performs a controlling action is determined by a valve attached to control and maintain the desired
set point level.
Objective:
1. To develop water level control system to control the water level in the tank.
2. To check the level of water in the tank. Depending on the water level, the pump will ON when the water level
goes below a predetermined level, or Pump will off when the tank is full.
3. To check the water level of the tank the LED will glow.
4. To monitor the level of water in the tank. If the level inside the tank is low, the motor
turns ON. Similarly, if the tank is full, the pump will automatically OFF.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT AND SPECIFICATION:

A System Requirements Specification (SRS) (also known as a Software Requirements Specification) is a
document or set of documentation that describes the features and behavior of a system or software application.
Software that I use in the CEP is given as following:
1. Proteus
2. Arduino Software

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. NANO UNO.
2. Ultra-Sonic Sensor.
3. Two Terminal Block.
4. 1 Channel 5V relay module.
5. Water pump 5V
6. Resistors
7. LEDs.
8. Jumper Wires.
9. Pump.
10. 9V battery

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION:

NANO UNO:
Arduino Nano is one type of microcontroller board, and it is designed by Arduino.cc. It can be built with a
microcontroller like Atmega328. This microcontroller is also used in Arduino UNO. It is a small size board and
flexible with a wide variety of applications. This board has many functions and features like an Arduino board.
However, this Nano board is different in packaging. It doesn’t have any DC jack so that the power supply can
be given using a small USB port otherwise straightly connected to the pins like VCC & GND. This board can
be supplied with 6 to 20volts using a mini-USB port on the board.

Ultra Sonic Sensor:

An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic
sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the
speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors have two main components: the
transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound
after it has travelled to and from the target). In order to calculate the distance between the sensor and the object,
the sensor measures the time it takes between the emission of the sound by the transmitter to its contact with the
receiver. The formula for this calculation is D = ½ T x C 

1 Channel 5V relay module:

A 5v relay is an automatic switch that is commonly used in an automatic control circuit and to control a high-
current using a low-current signal. The input voltage of the relay signal ranges from 0 to 5V.
Water Pump:
This is Micro Submersible Water Pump DC 3V-5V, can be easily integrate into the water system project. The
water pump works using water suction method which drain the water through its inlet and released it through
the outlet.

Arduino Code:
long duration;
int distance;
const int trigger = 10;
const int echo = 11;
int r1=2;
int y1=3;
int g1=4;
int distanceCm, d_inch;
int a1;
int a;
int relay=5 ;
void setup()
{

Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(r1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);

pinMode(relay,OUTPUT);
pinMode(y1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(g1 ,OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(r1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(g1,HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(r1,LOW);
digitalWrite(y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(g1,LOW);
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);

}
void loop()
{

u1();

Serial.print("level=");
Serial.print(a1);
Serial.println();
 if(d_inch>0 and d_inch<=3 )
{
u1();
digitalWrite(r1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(g1,LOW);
digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);
}
else if (d_inch>3 and d_inch<=5 )
{

digitalWrite(r1,LOW);
digitalWrite(y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(g1,LOW);
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);

}
else
{

digitalWrite(r1,LOW);
digitalWrite(y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(g1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);

}
}
void u1()
{

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
d_inch = duration*0.0133/2;
Serial.print("D=");
Serial.print(d_inch );
Serial.println();
delay(400);
}
Proteus Symmetric:

Water is High , and PUMP is OFF:

Water is Low , and the pump is ON:

Picture of Circuit:
SOLDERING:

Water Level Tank:

Final Circuit:

Finial Design:
Conclusion:
In this CEP we have used Arduino nano as PD controller and we have monitor the different
level of the tank when it is full the Ultra-Sonic sensor will detect the level and the Pump will
automatically off and when the water below the predefined level the pump will on again.

Result:
The water level is properly indicated by LED at different Level and we get our desired output.