BOITEKANELO

COLLEGE

COMMUNITY PROFILE AND NEEDS

ASSESSMENT REPORT
JWANENG GROUP

COMPILED BY:
LONE KGOSIETSILE 20130819
TSHIDISO SETLHOKO 201308548
REFILWE LETSIDIDI 201309079
GOFAONE NTEMA 201308983
DUE DATE: O2/11/2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to several gratitude to several people who assisted
us during needs assessment because without them there could have been no needs assessment
report. Through their cooperation, support and guidance needs assessment was done well
accordingly. Special appreciation is given to the following:

The Chief for giving the team permission to carry out needs assessment in Jwaneng
community

The Head of Jwaneng District Management Team Mrs Ranko for the support we received
from her and staff under her supervision

The Principal registered nurses for all clinics under Jwaneng DHMT

Majoboge Construction Company for their donations

Credit also goes to Health Education Unit especially our respected preceptors Mrs Kololo, Mr
Madziba and Ms Mponape who made us to feel at easy and for their advices

Special thanks is also given to our lectures for their support and parental guidance they
offered us

We are indebted to the drivers for their support, patience and good humour that they gave us
when we needed them

We also thank all officers at Dithuso, Police services, Civic Centre who contributed to our
projects ad lastly special gratitude goes to the Jwaneng District community for their
cooperation and time they sacrificed in making the team to attain their goals.
First of all before getting any further needs assessment is the process of collecting and
analysing information, to develop and understand issues, resources and constraints of
population (reference) that is to say needs assessment is the process of collecting information
about the needs of the community and then from there the information is analysed to give the
meaning and understanding to the collected information so as to understand the identified
issues or resources what they mean to the community and how the issues can affect the health
of the community. It is said to be a process because it does not end at the collection of the
information it continues to the analyses and prioritisation of the collected information then
from there implementation of programs are made looking at the collected information form
needs assessment.

Needs assessment was carried out in Jwaneng community which encompass of small
settlements which incluse Sese, Maokane, Thankane, Lefhoko, Samane, Mokhomba,
Tswenyane. Needs assessment started on the 17 th August 2016 till the 18th November 2016
and the whole assessment was based on the entire community including schools and societal
organisations and some companies.

The gaol of needs assessment was to identify the health needs of Jwaneng community. This
was done to put the learnt theory by the students at school into practice, identify the health
needs and prioritize them and help out coming up and planning programs and interventions to
address the identified health needs.

PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

This document is written to give a report on the data collected and found out by the students
when conducting needs assessment in Jwaneng Community. It is written in order to gide
decisions that the authorities will make when addressing the identified and prioritised needs,
to help in implementing policies and procedures that are needed to improve the health of
Jwaneng community and lastly but not least to analyse facts and suggest solutions to bridge
the gaps that have been identified. This report entails:

I. The community profile of Jwaneng; this is the information about Jwaneng which
include different aspects like geographical distribution, demographical characteristics
socio economic characteristic.
II. The methodology: that is how needs assessment was carried looking at the sampling
method, the data collection tools that were used and the ethical and legal
consideration that were put into practice when conducting needs assessment
III. The results/findings: that is the information that was collected by the students
IV. Discussions; a portion where interpretations are being made attached to the findings
V. Prioritization: form the identified needs and looking at the analyses and evaluation
prioritisation will be made that is needs will be put in order of the ones which must be
 addressed first looking at their severity and their consequences if not addressed
quickly and the resources needed to address them
VI. Conclusion: brief statement about what we experience and discovered in Jwaneng
community
VII. Plan of action: That is what the students suggest could be done to address the
identified health needs
VIII. Appendix: the documents which were used and needed during needs assessment will
be attached
IX. References
COMMUNITY PROFILE

1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COMMUNITY

Jwaneng was named after a small stones that existed long before discovery of the diamond in
the town. Earlier than the name Jwaneng, the place was a cattle post and lands and was called
Jwana, which later changed to Jwaneng after the discovery of these small stones in
1979.Jwaneng is located almost in the middle of what is generally referred to as the southeast
Region, consisting of the district of Kgatleng, kweneng, southeast and the towns of Lobatse
and Gaborone. Jwaneng is located within the southern District, which is the sixth largest
district in the country. Jwaneng planning area occupies approximately 340squire kilometers
and it is the second smallest town in the country after Sowa Township. (REFERENCE)

The first people to inhabit the town were Bakgatla baga Mmanana from Moshupa and
Bakwena from Diphuduhudu. After the discovery of diamonds, the tribes who original in this
place were moved to Sese, Kaduwe and Phuduhuto to pave a way for mining. The town has
become multi-cultural town, it consists of many tribes like Bakalaka, Bakgalagadi,
Bangwaketse, Bakwena and many more because of employment opportunities. The 1995
Jwaneng baseline study revealed that the majority of people in the town originate from
Southern District followed by central District. Other district are represented as well through
in small numbers.

The types of families found in Jwaneng are nuclear, extended and single headed families. The
most common family is nuclear family. Most of the families have and singled headed
families. The most common family is nuclear family families. There is also cohabitation
reason being shortage of accommodation and sharing costs. There are no specific cultural
beliefs practiced as the community is cosmopolitan. Individuals usually practices their own
cultural believes from their own communities

COMMUNITY CULTURAL BELIEFS REGARDING:

PREGNANCY

In Jwaneng there are no specific cultural beliefs practiced as the community of Jwanegng is
cosmolitian.Indivials usually practices some cultural believes from their own community where they
come from.Some are still keeping thr culture of pregnant women not allowed to eat boiled eggs,they
are discouraged fromeatign boer wors because it is believed that when they eat it,they will give birth
to boys with long private parts.They are also not allowed to put on trousers.According to health and
nutrition pregnant women require more protein than that can be found in eggs and
boroso.Deficiencies of certain nutrients are associated with maternal complications and death,fetal
and new born death,birth defects and decreased physical and mental potential of the child according
to ministry of health (2007) vulnerable group feeding programme.
CARE OF THE NEW MOTHER

The cultural belief concerning the care of the new mother and child is that,the community members
or some of the family mebers are not allowed to enter where the house for the new mother and
child except those providing care.The child and the motherhave their have their own
room,bathing,eating equipments,and food they don’t share with anyone.

FAMILY PLANNING

The community of Jwaneng being mostly a learned community,they are well informed in family
planning issues and most of them are using it.But some from religious beliefs say that family
planning materials are not good as they are used to kill unborn days.This practice is opposing health
issues as we see a lot of sexually transmitted infection and teenage pregnancies.Usage of family
planning like condoms can help to prevent STI and teenage pregnancies

CARE OF THE SICK

The cultural beliefs used for caring for the sick that,they are isolated from other family
members,his?her hair and nails are not allowed to be cut.Eating utensils are kept separately from
others.Accordingto health this practicedoes nto promote good hygiene in cases where nails are not
allowed to be cut,long nails an hide some bacteria under neath that can cause infection to the sick.

WHAT COMMUNITY THINKS ABOUT MALE INVOLVEMENT IN:

CARE OF THE NEW MOTHER AND THE CHILD

The males are involved in caring for the new motherand the child.Most males these days are
involvedas they are seen with their new mother and children going to seek medical services in health
facilities.In some instances,fathers are seen taking their under five children to child welfare clinics
without mothers involves.

CHILD CARE

They are more involved in caring for their children,in the past males would not take their children to
weighing,but nowadays they are seen doing that,changing nappies and feeding their children,and
also they take them to the hospitals to seek medical help without their mothers.

CARE FOR THE SICK

The community believes that males are really involved in caring for the sick,they take them to
hospitals for medical help,they help them bath and even do the washing .They are also involved in
preparing food and feeding them.

RELIGION

There are three religious groups in Jwaneng,and they are African Traditional Religion,Muslims and
Christianity which is also practiced under different domininations namely Pentecostals,Ministries
and Apostolic.
The registered churches in Jwaneng are as follows:

 ST John
 Methodist
 UCCSA
 Spritual Healing
 Faith Gospel After Christ
 ST Paul Apolostolic Church
 Africa Evangelical Bontle Apostolic
 Roman Cartholic
 Head Mountain
 ERP Unity
 New Jerusalem
 Seventh Day Adventist
 Herebotha
 Gae la Baitshephi
 Holy Galalea
 Zion Christian Church
 Eloi
 Peace and Love
 ST Joseph
 Lutheran
 The Emmanuel Church
 ST Simons Apostolic
 Christ The Word
 Holy Bontle
 Christ Our Lord
 The Zion Church Of Messiah
 Holy Full Gospel
 Pentecostal Protestants Church
 Family of God
 Rivers of Living Waters Ministries
 Bible Life Ministry
 Wells Of Living Waters Ministries
 Revelation Times Ministries
 Revelation Blessed Church
 Winners Chapel

RELIGIOUS BELIEEFS THAT ARE CONTRAY TO HEALTH EXPECTATIONS

Some beliefs restrict the community from the using contraceptives and some medications .In
other beliefs they encourage polygamy as this can be seen by church leaders getting married
to more than one wife, and this can lead to spread of diseases.
 2. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

TERRTORITAL BOUNDARIES

Jwaneng is located within the southern District, which is sixth largest district in the country
planning area occupies approximately 340 square kilometers and it is the second smallest
town in the country after Sowa Township.

TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES

Vegetation types are closely correlated with climate. According to Jwaneng development
plan 2012-2028 the vegetation structure ranges from grassland to tree Savannah. The
sandveld area is of shrub Savannah. The acacia family tress are widespread.

The soils in Jwaneng are of sandveld type. The sanded is almost flat to gently undulating with
vast low-lying areas in between higher areas. The dominant soils in the highest areas are very
deep, reddish brown to strong brown sands with lamellae of clay accumulation which occur
at about at about 80-100 an depth. The soils in low-lying areas are also very deep but textures
are loamy sand with lamella of clay accumulation occurs at shallower depth. The soils in the
sandveld are not suitable for cultivation.

The annual rainfall is between 400 and 450 mm. Rainfall is almost exclusively confined to
few weeks in the wet season (October- March) and on average the total of about 450mm is
recorded during this period. The temperature in the area may be as high as 40 degree during
the hot summer months. In winter month, the lowest record minimum temperature is -7
degree Celsius. The prevailing winds in the area blow from the east and north. The highest
wind speed range between 17 to 21 knots (Department of Meteorological services)

There is no river or lakes in Jwaneng because of poor drainage system, which makes it had to
carry water even after intense rainfall. Rain water disappears within a short space of time
without any meaningful usage. The portable water use is obtained from about 60km north of
the town, from an underground source.

Wildlife is virtually non-existed in the town; expect from some few animals in the golf course
area. The mining company operates a wild life park in the mine lease area. The park is
currently home to species as diverse as ostrich, kudu, impala, zebra, giraffe etc. Firewood is
still the major source of energy in term of cooking, particularly for low income earners who
reside within the self-help HOUSING AGENCY (SHH) areas. The other source of energy is
solar power for those who have the necessary equipment.

Jwaneng town came into being as a result of the diamonds, which were discovered in the
area. Diamond is only mineral, which is being mined in Jwaneng. Mining diamonds started in
1982 and the future life span of this mine is estimated to be 24 years (I.e. 2002 -2026). Mine
is the largest producer of diamonds in Botswana. However, after this period the mining
operations will change from open cast to underground mining according to the mining
company reports. (JWANENG URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 3 2010 -2016 printed
by the Government Printer, GABORONE)

3. DEMOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Population characteristics

The census shows that the population of Jwaneng has increased from 15 179 (2003 to 16
716 (2008), showing an increase of 10.13%. Projections made by this census are that the
population will have increased to 19031 in 2016 in spite of crude death rate and birth rate.

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Jwanen 16716 16985 17262 17550 17872 18181 18477 18761 19031
g

Table 1.1 Jwaneng Projected Population

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

0-4 714 737 785 856 904 935 949 945
5-9 1013 1005 974 919 887 883 908 963
10-14 903 927 957 995 1023 1030 106 979
15-19 1136 1150 1160 1166 1173 1188 1210 1240
20-24 1274 1305 1332 1354 1372 1385 1392 1396
25-29 1197 1222 1246 271 1309 1342 1370 1393
30-34 1012 1048 1081 1111 1141 1169 1197 1224
35-39 681 710 740 768 799 829 885 886
40-44 469 481 496 514 536 560 585 610
45-49 374 370 367 365 365 376 373 382
50-54 230 239 245 247 246 243 240 236
55-59 116 124 132 140 147 153 157 16
60-64 49 51 53 56 59 63 66 70
65-69 33 35 36 38 39 41 43 45
70-74 1516 16 16 17 18 18 19 20
75+ 24 26 27 29 31 32 34 35

Table 1.2: Population projection

 4. ADMINISTRATION SET UP

TRIBAL AUTHORITY

The tribal administration has traditional development duties. It is composed of court

presidents, deputy court president and administrative staff. Court presidents are in charge of
Kgotlas, which are the initiations where cases are held, information on government policies
are disseminated and development initiatives are encouraged, tribal administration are
decentralised and they include preservation of culture and settling disputes. The chieftaincy
of Jwaneng is obtained through applications, which are assessed by local government
officials. This is done because the town is cosmopolitan. Court presidents handle criminal
cases; they look at the magnitude of the case and previous convictions of the accused. If
accused is found guilty will be punished by flogging they are sent to the health facilities for
examination before being flogged, which also encourages collaboration between them and
facilities.

CHIEF

COURT BAILIFF DEPUTY CHIET

TRIBAL
COURT CLEK
SECRETARY

ASSITANT TRIBAL DEPUTY TRIBAL

SECRETARY SECRETARY
COMMUNITY LEADERS

GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES

VICE
CHAIRPERSON CHAIRPERSON SECRETARY

VICE SECRETARY TREASURE

DISTRICT COMMISIONER
The office of the District commissioner stands as a representatives for the office of the
President in the district. The district commissioner is the most authoritative office in
the constituency. The office coordinates government programs in the district. They
work hand in hand with the community and makes sure the community is involved
and decisions taken concerning them. The District commissioner chairs a decision
making committee in the District.

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
The area MP has coordinal relationships with other community leaders; he consults
with Dikgosi, Counselor’s, Deputy District Commissioner, Town Clerk and HOD’S
on matters of national importance. Their functions include holding kgotla meetings to
share bills and motions discussed at the parliament. They attend important ceremonies
that help constituents with questions about national policies and programs.

LAND BOARD
The Department of lands in the Ministry of Lands and Housing ids responsible for the
administration of land. The department ensures proper utilization of land by directing
and monitoring all types of development on communal, stat and free land hold land.
 DEPARTMENT OF POLICE SERVICES
Jwaneng police station repress internal disturbances protect life and poverty, detect
and prevent apprehenders and bring them to justice. Their mandate is to curd crimes
through various initiatives and program for example theft, murder, assault.

ADMINISTRATION SET UP OF JWANENG POLICE

STATION STATION
STATION
OFFICER
COMMANDER CRIME
INSPECTOR

STATION
STATION ADMINI STATION PARTROLING
OFFICERS
STRATI LEADER OFFICER
ON

5. PATTERN OF DECISION MAKING

The decisions about the town are usually taken at the full council meeting where all
senior government officials meet. Democratic leadership is used when making
decisions whereby the full council meeting is called and the motions are put forward
and discussed. If most of the officials agree with the motion, it is put in use by the
District Commissioner. The role of the town major in this process is to guide the
proceedings and the District commissioner’s role is to make sure the discussed laws
are operational. Since the town is multi-cultural, there is no social control used when
making decisions since there is no specific tribe that originates from Jwaneng.

6. AVAILABLE HEALTH FACILITIES

Primary health care is the responsibility of the Jwaneng Town Council. The DHMT is
based at Dithuso House headed by Principal Nursing Office 1.The team is comprised of
Preventative Head, Curative Head monitoring and evaluation and Administration. The
Health care system in Jwaneng is made up of primary and secondary health care services.

JWANENG DHMT ORGANOGAM

 DHMT HEAD
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OFFICER COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

CURATIVE HEALTH SERVICES PREVENTATIVE HEALTH SERVICES

NURSING SERVICES CORPORATE SERVICES

Jwaneng is serviced by four facilities, these includes 3 government clinics and one Mine
Hospital. The DHMT extends its coverage outside Jwaneng where they cover 2 clinics
namely Maokane Clinic and Sese clinic. The health posts include Mokhoma health post,
Semane health post, Thankane Health post, lefhoko post and Tsonyane health post.

JWANENG MINING HOSPITAL

This is a privately owned hospital by Jwaneng mine,it serves the district as a referral
hospital.It provides full curative services,inpatients,outpatients, rehabilitation,referrals to high
referral hospital like PMH and Sabrana Psychatric Hospital,The hospital being a referral
hospital in a mining town is always experiencing an influx of people from nearby villages
and settlements seeking medical attention. It is located in just behind the CBD.

TSHIMOLOGO CLINIC

This is a 4:30hrs clinic situated in the environment unit 2 and it’s the first clinic to be built in
the town in 1984. It is almost 600 m from Dithuso where the DHMT is based .It is a
mother clinic for Mokhomma health post that is in Mokhomma village.

DITSWELETSE-This is a 24 hour clinic with maternity wing on the south of the diamond
mall in unit 5.It is about 1 kilometer from Botswana Police and 1.2 kilometers from Dithuso
house.

UNIT 7 CLINIC- It is a mother clinic to Tsonyne 22 the Dithuso house, about 2 kilometers. It
is the first clinic in Jwaneng to offer antiretroviral treatment.

MAOKANE CLINIC- The clinic operates until 4:30 hrs. Outside Jwaneng with a maternity
wing. During after hours, weekends and public holidays, the patients are attended by nurses
on call. It acts as a mother clinic for Lefhoko Health Post, Thankane and Samane health post.
SESE CLINIC- This is another Jwaneng DHMT catchment facility. It is a 24 hour clinic with
maternity wing which is not functional at the moment. The clinic is situated almost 10 to 15
km southeast of Jwaneng. It is a mother clinic to Tsonyane Health Post.

SERVICES PROVIDED- The DHMT facilities offers both preventative and curative services
whilst the Mine Hospital offers all services of preventative, Curative services and
Rehabilitative services to Jwaneng community.

TRADINATIONAL HEALTH CARE- There are 10 traditional health care providers in

Jwaneng, from these 10: there are 4 herbalists, 2 traditional birth attendats, 1 sangoma, 1 who
practices with a bible and 2 who uses bones (Ditaola).The usage for traditional health care is
said to be high according to Dingaka association chairperson, as many people goes to them to
seek their services.

COMMUNITY BASED ORGINASATION

HOME BASED CARE- This is an organization initiated by the government which its main
aim and goal is to take care of sick people at their respective homes. Health givers are the
ones who take care of the sick people.

ASRH- According to A pocket Guide of YFs for service Providers in Botswana” The ASRH
services emerged in the early 1990s.Its aimed at reducing sexual and reproductive risks that
the young people under go.

BYNC- It is a parastaital and its key function is to coordinate youth activities. It assist the
youth to start their own businesses: thereby creating employment opportunities for other
youth and improving their standard of living hence eradicate poverty.

NGOS

MMUPULE KWELAGOBE CHILDREN CENTER

It was founded by former Miss Botswana/ Miss Universe 1999 Mpule Kwelagobe.It is aimed
at taking care of street kids, orphans and needy children. Children stay in campus and well
taken care of and some are adopted from there.

SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS

MEN SECTOR-This is a sector under the National Aids Council. It is headed by Town clerk.
It is targeting all males and their functions include mobilizing men and advocating for their
involvement in the national response to HIV/AIDS. It enhances male involvement in health
issues, e.g. PMTCT, SMC and material issues that men feel do not concern them.

DAC OFFICE- It is government office which its functions include, advocating for people
with HIV/AIDS, according HIV/AIDS issues in the district, it the district. It collaborates with
other stakeholders to tackle issues of HIV/AIDS.
THUTANO- It’s a non-governmental origination which its aim is to serve the mine workers.
It mainly focuses in wellness in the work place it also provides counselling and distribute
condom to them, but they extend their services to the whole Jwaneng community.

TEBELOPELE- Its function is to provide voluntary supportive counselling and testing of

Hiv/AIDS to the whole community.

7. TRANSPORT

Jwaneng is well served by both road and air traffic. There are daily mine flights between
Jwaneng and South Africa. The Jwaneng airfield is also opened for other sir user’s
telecommunication, as well as postal services is well provided. There also daily bus services
between Kanye and Jwaneng se well and the district of Kgalagadi and Ghazi.

A reliable and effective road network is important as it facilitates transportation linkages

between towns and settlements. It promotes the movement of both goods and passenger
traffic between settlements, and movement of agricultural good. The Sir Seretse Khama
Highway passes through Jwaneng, this road links the southern and far western areas of the
country to the more developed eastern corridor. Other roads in the region are mainly gravel or
sand road. This tar marked road forms the start of the Trans Kalahari Highway, which links
Botswana to Namibia. The positive impacts off the highway on Jwaneng are being felt
because of motorists who make a step over in Jwaneng for shopping, thus promoting business
within the town.

All streets within the township are tarred and lit apart from a small portion of access loads.
Almost all the streets light are now monitored with the old of a telemetric monitoring system.

COMMUNICATION

Botswana Postal services functions as a commercial enterprise. They maintain

communication links between the communities.

Jwaneng also has a public library that provides information with free internet services. It is
available for educational and recreational purposes. Botswana Telecommunication has an
office in Jwaneng which serves most areas in the District. BTC connects homes, offices and
other institutes with telephones. It has a cell phone mobile network called Be mobile. The
other network that connects cellphones in the town and surrounding areas include orange and
mascom.

EDUCATION

Education in Botswana is free for the first 12 years. In Botswana education start at Pre School
level as the first stage of learning which is in some of government schools and some private
school for those who manage to pay for such. It continues to primary level which is standard
1-7 and then progresses to junior secondary which is from form 1 to form 3, then goes to
senior secondary for 2 more years which is form 4 and form 5.Tertiary level is usually
admitting those that managed to pass their form fives examination with the required pass rate,
but those that education. In Jwaneng, there are 13 pre-schools, 5 primary schools and 1 from
Sese village, 2 Junior Schools and 1 tertiary which Jwaneng Technical College.

PRE-SCHOOLS IN JWANENG

 Learn Right day care

 Lesedi day care
 Bizzy Kids day care
 Smart Choice day care
 Broad Vision day care
 Acacia Pre-School day care
 Butter Dintwa day care
 Mmelegi Day care
 Rainbow Day care
 Kids paradise day care
 Jungle kids day care
 Smart choice

PRIMARY SCHOOLS

 Jwana
 Dinonyane
 Kgalagadi
 Acacia English medium
 Sese primary

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

 Morama junior school
 Kgosimpe junior school

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

INDUSTRIES ASSESMENT

The types of industries found in Jwaneng are Mining, construction, commercial industries,
agro-industrial, agriculture and tourism.

Mining- The town came to being as a result of minerals found in this area. The mine and
quarrying stands are the largest employment sector and is dominated mostly by males who
accumulate 84.35% of employees according to Jwaneng development plan.

Commercial industries
Most of the commercial trading activities are located along the Teemane Avenue in the area
zoned as the Central Business District (CBD) while the rest of trading takes place in small
neighborhood shops.

Agro-industrial

It is located on the north western part of the built up area and occupies 6.94 hectares. The
industry has 2 nurseries, 4 vegetable gardens, 2 stock production plots and 3 poultry farms.

Agricultural sector

In Jwaneng, agricultural services are provided by the department of crop production,

department of veterinary services and animal production through their regional offices in
Kanye.

Jwaneng is mainly serving as an administrative centre for the three departments with only a
few activities taking place in the township except for the veterinary department whose main
responsibility is disease control in pets and poultry and also carrying out meat inspection and
quality control.

The department of crop of production in Jwaneng in only engaged in monitoring horticultural

and beekeeping backyard projects. The department of animal production is engaged in
monitoring poultry projects.

Tourism

In terms of tourism, the local tourism portfolio is comprised of amusement park located along
the Sir Khama north of the and the Jwana Mine Park (nature reserve).In terms of Hospitality,
there are 3 establishments offering servies to vistors coming into the town namely, Cresta
Hotel which is located along the Sir Seretse Khama Highway, Mokala lodge located in the
heart which of the CBD and Sawa Sawa lodge located in residential are in Unit 3.

COMMUNITY ENVIROMENT

Water resources

As ground water is the main source of portable water supply to the rural population, Jwaneng
has to endeavour not to pollute these sources by discharging waste water into the
environment as it could find a way to the aquifers. As ground water recharges are limited,
surface run offs have to be protected against pollution and every effort will be employed to
prevent pollution. This water is sourced underground water by Jwaneng mine. There are two
reservoirs that are used by Water Utilities for storing water before distribution to the
community. There are no purification plants, but the water is chlorinated and samples are
usually tested at Gaborone labs.

Most of houses have water taps inside, whilst those that are outside are just a few meters
from the houses. Furthermost the houses are using water system toilets located inside the
houses, and other houses are using water system toilets located outside the houses few metres
away.

Housing

Since Jwaneng is town that are found here are modern houses built from concrete and
cement. There are mine houses in all wards, BHC houses, pool houses and SHAA houses
built from concrete and are all in good conditions. A lot people are renting and staying with
family members. As for mine workers there are given houses to stay.

Refuse Disposal

All houses in Jwaneng have rubbish bins located in front of the yard and inside. These are no
segregation as all rubbish from rubbish from the households is thrown in these bins. The
Environmental Health collets the refuse once a week in all wards/units to the landfill free,
without charge.

METHODOLOGY

DATA COLLECTION TOOLS

The data collection tools will be used to collect data from the identified target population that
is from Jwaneng district and the tools are as follows;

i. Questionnaire
ii. Observation tool
iii. Literature review tool

QUESTIONNAIRE

It is a data collection tool in which there were written designed list of questions, responses to
questions were written down on the paper. Questionnaire helped in gathering facts and
opinions of people in Jwaneng concerning their community, the respondents remained
anonymous as a way of assuring confidentiality to the information received from the
respondents. Different questionnaire were developed for specific population of Jwaneng and
key informants. A questionnaire was developed for the community health assessment, and
another one for school health assessment which was used to collect the school data in the
school settings.

In a nutshell a questionnaire were developed for Jwaneng community encompassing different

types of questions which included closed ended questions in which possible answers were
provided to the respondents, open ended questions where there were no answer choices from
which the respondents can select their response. In open ended questions respondents of
Jwaneng answered questions according to their own understanding and with their own
words.

A questionnaire was administered through interviews. The use of open ended interviews
provided the participants with the opportunity and chance to fully explain their experiences in
the community of Jwaneng. Interviews conducted were mostly face to face at an individual
level and the participants were kept anonymous. Structured interviews will be used which
interviewers will ask participants a series of pre-established questions and with limited set of
response categories. The students took the structured questionnaire and ask questions as
written, noted the responses of the interviewee. The interviews were conducted in the
respective places for the participants for them to be relaxed and at ease to share their views
and experiences. The respondents were followed to their respective places as they were
accessible there and being comfortable in their respective places.

OBSERVATION TOOL

Collects data through observing how things are happening in the community. Situations,
events and environment in the community are observed as they occur. An observation tool
was developed for Jwaneng district and its catchment areas on its different settings to observe
the situation and environments of Jwaneng district as they occur. It is a direct way of
collecting primary data of Jwaneng. Interpretation of the events in the environment of
Jwaneng will be made. Structured observation was used to collect information that was
needed and will be specified and clearly defined Brink, (2006). Check list and rating scales
tools were used.

A check list was used for observing the events or characteristics in the school environment
and then a recorded was made by putting a register against an area that was under
observation. Rating scale were used to make ratings of events at frequent intervals, ranging a
single or characteristic under observation from being poor to being excellent or unsatisfactory
to being satisfactory. In rating scales the investigators were health education year 4 students
made judgements on the condition under observation. Examples of things that will be
observed include the topography of Jwaneng school surroundings and even workplace
surroundings. Below is a picture of one of the students carrying out an observation around the
school environment.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is a systematic and critical review of the most important published literature
on a particular topic (REFERENCEBrink, (2006).Thus to say in Jwaneng community a
review from the literature was made in different settings to know what exists in the
community of Jwaneng. Data was reviewed from the past needs assessment reports of
Jwaneng , health records at clinics and hospitals, population census records, school records
and even the public newspapers on health issues affecting the community.

The review of literature was conducted to generate a picture of what is known about a
particular situation and the knowledge gaps that exist thus literature review being one of the
information sources about Jwaneng district to generate a picture of some situations that exist.
Literature review helped in gaining up to date knowledge on the work that others have done
in Jwaneng community and to avoid duplication of well-established findings and well
developed health educational interventions for Jwaneng community.

ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS

In conducting needs assessment it is essential to protect the rights of participants through

ethical considerations. The ethical principles that were considered are as follows ;

CONFIDENTIALITY AND ANONYMITY

Protecting the confidential issues, personal records and client’s records of participants is a
vital aspect. Students ensured that the collected information from the participants have no
identification attached to them such as the participant’s name, that is to say that participants
were not asked their name so as to remain anonymous and for the issues of confidentiality.
Data obtained from participants or any private information was kept confidential. The
participants were told that the information will be kept confidential within a program but may
be shared with staff members of other programs. Researchers will make it a point that the
rights of participants are not violated in any way LoBiondo-Wood and Haber (1998).

BENEFICENCE

As the needs assessment was conducted the students made it a point that they do more than
minimally not causing harm by explaining the benefits of participating in needs assessment.
It was crucial to explain the benefits of participating in the needs assessment being carried
out so as to put all potential participants in a better position of making informed decisions and
them knowing why they need to take part in needs assessment supported by(REFERENCE
Clifford, (1997).

RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION (AUTONOMY);

Everyone who was participating in needs assessment was given the platform to decide on
their own course of involvement in the needs assessment without students forcing people to
take part. All participants were allowed to fully take part in needs assessment, as they were
given the freedom to choose on whether to participate in needs assessment or not.

INFORMED CONSENT
(REFERENCELoBiondo-Wood and Haber (1998), view informed consent as a doctrine that
determines and regulates participation in needs assessment. For every participant in the needs
assessment the interviews conducted were done with the full consent of the client thus
assuring full agreement of the client to participate in needs assessment, all the procedures and
activities to be carried out were made known to the client. If a participants wanted to
withdraw from participating with or without reasons they were allowed to do so and if they
were not comfortable with any question they were allowed to not answer and the questions
was skipped as not to harm the interview.

2.3.5 RIGHT TO FAIR TREATMENT (JUSTICE)

All people taking part in the needs assessment were treated as equal subjects and fairly, the
set standards of needs assessment were applicable to all participants. Questions were asked as
they are set to everyone in the same pattern and manner.

2.3.6 RIGHT TO PROTECTION FROM HARM AND DISCOMFORT (NON

MALIFICENCE)

This is a principle that implies that no harm should be done to the participants or not taking
intentional risks of harm, by doing this the client’s rights, feelings and emotions were
protected, no measures or decisions that will cause harm were taken. Every participant’s self-
esteem was protected by not lowering any person’s self-esteem. Harm was prevented by
providing educational services to improve the knowledge of the participants by accepting
participants as they are and the responses they give and not judging. Whenever harm was
present one of the components of the principle of non-munificence implies that it should be
eliminated which was done by removing the myths that people hold about health issues and
providing information on the right, correct and updated information about health issues as a
way in which harm was removed by maybe for example, which is shown by
(REFERECEButler (2001) as he stated,“removing harm when it is present” (pg 103).
FINDINGS

FINDINGS FROM THE COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRES

From the people that an interview was made on them. Below are the findings for demographic data.

PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WHOM PAR-

TICPATED IN THE INTERVIEWS

females
males

AGE

Series 1
3
Series 2
Series 3
2

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
PRIORITISATION

The team used hanlon prioritization method to rank the identified health problems. This kind
of method is described as a tool that objectively ranks specific health problems based on the
criteria of seriousness, magnitude and effectiveness of interventions (referenc). When
prioritizing the team considered size of the problem, the seriousness of the health problem, if
the problem requires immediate attention, if there is public demand and how the problem
impact the community. Effectiveness of the intervention to curb the identified health problem
was one of the criteria used to prioritize.

Each health problem has been scored on a range of 1 to 5, a minimum score would be one
and maximum score will be five.

Prioritisation of community assessment

identified magnitude severity feasibility governmen community total Rank

problems of the of the if the t concern concern scor
problem problem intervention e
Malnutrition 5 5 3 5 5 23 1
Poor personal 5 5 5 2 3 20 4
hygiene in Sese
primary
Alcohol abuse 5 5 5 5 2 22 2
in Sese village
Littering 4 5 5 2 3 19 3

PRIORITISATION FOR SCHOOL HEALTH PROBLEMS

score for each criterion

problems magnitude severity feasibility governmen community total rank
identified of the of the of the t concern concern score
problem problem intervention
Poor 1 3 1 3 3 10 4
sanitation
Shortage of 5 3 4 5 5 22 2
classrooms
Poor personal 5 5 4 5 5 24 1
hygiene
Poor food 1 1 1 2 2 7 6
hygiene
Pregnancy 3 5 3 5 4 21 3

Social 1 3 1 2 2 9 5
problems

The table above shows a criteria that was used to prioritise the identified needs in schools.
The numbers ranged from 1 to 5, 1 being less and 5 ranked highest that is important. The
numbers start from 1, 2,3,4,5. To find the rank the numbers where summed together to find
the total score of the identified need. Then it was ranked looking at the number got that is the
total score was compared with other needs for it to be given a mark.

The first problem to be addressed will be the one with the first number for example looking
at the table there are problems identified but they need to be prioritized for them to be
addressed so malnutrition is the problem that need to be addressed because large students or
even people in the community are largely affected by the problem, and in terms of severity
malnutrion is a serious problem which lead to serious illnesses like kwashiorkor and death.
IMPLEMENTATION

After prioritization, the problems selected for implementation were as follows;

I. Malnutrition
II. Alcohol abuse at Sese village
III. Littering
IV. Personal hygiene

MALNUTRITION

The District has introduced direct feeding program where there are malnutrition cases whereby
nutritious food or meals are prepared at the health facilities and malnourished under five- children
feed under observation by Health Care Workers. The program is meant to help children improve
weight and overall health status, so meals are prepared each day and malnourished under five
children are brought for feeding from Monday – Friday. The malnutrition rate is currently at 5%
which is above national target which is 45. During needs assessment, we identified that some
facilities do not have some coking utensils, together with the storage of perishable food for the
program, hence contributing negatively on the program. Lack of resources has an impact because
some food cannot be supplied to these children because of storage issues.

Cooking equipment were bought for the Jwaneng District Health Management Team to distribute
them among their facilities

Figure 1

Some of food provided to the children at Sese clinic

The children end up be provided with non-nutritious

tinned food items instead of fresh food items due to lack
of storage equipment

Figure
1.2
Some of food stuff provided for the children

Figure 3

Some of the cooking equipment bought for direct feeding program which were handed over to the
District Health Management Team by team.

ALCOHOL ABUSE AT SESE VILLAGE

Health talk was carried at Sese village to increase awareness about alcohol abuse. Certain individuals
were invited to the health talk including the Chief so that they would spread the message about
alcohol awareness. Convinced number of Sese Primary Students were also part of the help talk as
there is evidence that alcohol abuse also affects them to an extend that some of the children end up
drooping out from school. Focus group was conducted for Sese Primary school where they were
taught about alcohol abuse and its dangers.

Figure 4: One of the attaché conducting focus group with Sese Primary students
Figure 5

LITTERING

Littering was one of the problems also identified during needs assessment. The dustbins were not in
a good condition, some of them were leaking and when it’s windy the dirt is easily scattered around,
even dogs scatter the litter around. Materials were collected from the DHMT to maintain the
dustbins. Majoboge Construction Company also donated some building materials. Money raised was
used to buy some of the stuff we could not manage to get from the DHMT or any organization.
Figure 6: state of the environment before implementation

The following pictures shows all preparations done before construction

Figure 7: Litter picking

Figure 8: Litter picking

Figure 10: Collection of some building materials

Figure 10: Preparation of the site

Construction and building litter site
Handy at work with the project
Finished project of bins at the nurses flats

PERSONAL HYGIENE AT SESE VILLAGE

As we conducted out needs assessment at Sese primary we’ve observed that most of the students at
Sese primary had poor personal hygiene. Money was raised to buy merchandise like tooth paste,
sanitary pads, bathing soap, tooth brushes, to use at Sese Primary school. Some of the merchandise
were from the Ministry of Health. Students were divided into 3 sections because there was no hall at
Sese primary so a classroom was used.
Presentation and teaching
Teethbrushing demonstration by one of Sese students showing understanding.
PLAN FOR ACTION
QQazzAaq11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

111111111