Total load of building = 375156.

25 KN

No of columns = 36 (6 x 6 columns at spacing of 7m)

Load on one column = 10421 KN

Area of footprint of building = 1225 m2

q (below each column) = 10421/1225 = 8.506 KN/m2

q (total) = 306.25 KN/m2

SELECTION OF FOUNDATIONS:
Shallow Foundations:
1) Square Footing:
𝑞𝑢=1.3𝑐′𝑁𝑐+𝑞𝑁𝑞+0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

y = 16.675 KN/m3 c = 150 KPa (For a good compacted soil) q = y x Df = 16.675 x 2

=33.35 KPa
Φ = 0.03
Nc = 34.24 Nq = 19.98 Ny = 16.18
q ult = 1.3(0)(34.24)+(33.35)(19.98)+0.4(16.675)(2)(16.18)
q ult = 882.17 KPa
FOS = 3
q all = (q ult)/3 = 882.17/3 = 294.05 KPa
𝑞𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑡)=𝑞𝑢−𝑞 = 882.17-33.35 =848.82 KPa
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙(𝑛𝑒𝑡)=(𝑞𝑢−𝑞)/𝐹𝑠 = 282.94 KPa
Bearing capacity for settlement

The correlations involve the depth factor

𝐹𝑑=1+0.33(𝐷𝑓/𝐵)≤1.33
Se = 25mm (total allowable settlement for isolated footing is generally take as 25mm)
Fd = 1.33 N60 = 6.75
q net = (6.75/0.08)(2+0.3/2)^2(1.33)(25/25) = 148.4 KPa
As this footing is not passing for strength capacity and as well as for the settlement bearing capacity
so it will not be used.

2) Strip Footing:
Bearing capacity for strength
𝑞𝑢=𝑐′𝑁𝑐+𝑞𝑁𝑞+0.5𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

y = 16.675 KN/m3 c = 0 KPa q = y x Df = 16.675 x 2 =33.35 KPa

Φ = 29.025
Nc = 34.24 Nq = 19.98 Ny = 16.18
q ult = (0)(34.24)+(33.35)(19.98)+0.5(16.675)(2)(16.18)
q ult = 936.1345 KPa
FOS = 3
q all = (q ult)/3 = 936.1345/3 = 312.04 KPa
𝑞𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑡)=𝑞𝑢−𝑞 = 936.1345-33.35 =902.78 KPa
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙(𝑛𝑒𝑡)=(𝑞𝑢−𝑞)/𝐹𝑠 = 300.93 KPa
Bearing capacity for settlement

The correlations involve the depth factor

𝐹𝑑=1+0.33(𝐷𝑓/𝐵)≤1.33
Se = 25mm(total allowable settlement for strip footing is generally take as 25mm)
Fd = 1.33 N60 = 6.75
q net = (6.75/0.08)(2+0.3/2)^2(1.33)(25/25) = 148.4 KPa
As this footing is not passing for strength capacity and as well as for the settlement bearing capacity
so it will not be used.

3) Raft Footing:
Nc, Nq, Ny = 27.86, 16.44, 19.34

Fcs, Fqs, Fys = 1.59, 1.55, 0.6

Fcd, Fqd, Fyd = 1.02, 1.02, 1

Since load is vertical inclination factors are unity

c=0 y = 16.675 q = 16.675 x 2 = 33.35

qu = 0+(33.35)(16.44)(1.55)(1.02)(1)+(0.5)(16.675)(35)(19.34)(0.6)(1)(1)

qu = 4253 KPa

qu(net) = qu – q = 4253-33.35 = 4219.65 KPa

qall(net) = qu(net)/3 = 4219.65/3 = 1406.55 KPa

Bearing capacity for settlement

N60 = 6.75 Df = 2m B = 35m

Se = 50mm(For mat foundation)

qall(net) = (6.75/0.08)(1+0.33(2/35))(50/25) =171.93 KPa

It passes the check for ultimate bearing capacity but fails the capacity check for settlement, hence raft
foundation is also not applicable. Therefore, we will move to pile foundation.

3) Pile Footing:

cu = 251.2625 KPa Ap = (0.5x0.5) = 0.25 m2

Qp = 9 x 251.2625 x 0.25 = 565.34 KN

For clay:

DL = 3m cu = 251.2625 KPa p = 100 KPa α = 0.34(from table 12.11)

Qs = α x cu x p x DL = 25628.775 KN

For silt:

DL = 6m cu = 288.3625 KPa p = 100KPa α = 0.33(from interpolation)

Qs = α x cu x p x DL = 57095.775 KN

SQs = 25628.775 + 57095.775 = 82724.55 KN

Qall = (564.34+82724.55)/3 = 27763.3 KN

Since Qall is greater than load on one column so, we will design pile foundation.

Conclusion:
We have performed step by step procedure to decide on the appropriate type of foundation design for
our structure. We have applied the necessary checks for each type of foundation one by one to
determine whether it is okay for our case. As evident from the extensive calculations shown above, we
have finally reached the conclusion that shallow foundations will not be suitable for our case and so we
will have to go for deep foundation. Therefore, pile foundation will be an effective solution for this case.