ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ

ɎɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣȺɡɢɢ

ɆɚɫɥɨɜȺ Ⱥ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ©ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣªɜɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɞɚɨ
ɫɢɡɦɚ 9

ȼɨɣɬɢɲɟɤȿ ɗɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɷɬɚɩɵɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɄɢɬɚɹ 24

ɑɵɨɧɝ Ⱥɧɶ Ɍɭɚɧ ɍɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ

ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɢɜɶɟɬɧɚɦɫɤɨɣɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵɜ;9,,±;9,,,ɜɟɤɚɯ ɧɚɚɧɝɥɹɡ 38

Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɨɜ ȿ Ⱥ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɧɚɚɧɝɥɹɡ 47

ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ

ɐɟɥɭɣɤɨ Ɇ ɋ ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶɧɚɫɨɫɭɞɟȻɭɐɢɝɭɣ ɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɰɢɧɶɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ 57

Ʉɭɠɟɥɶ ɘ Ʌ, Ȼɪɟɫɥɚɜɟɰ Ɍ ɂ ɇɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɵ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ

ɜɨɪɟɨɥɟɥɟɝɟɧɞɢɪɟɚɥɢɣ 72

ɓɟɩɤɢɧȼ ȼ ɊɟɮɨɪɦɵɉɟɬɪɚI ɤɚɤɦɨɞɟɥɶɞɥɹəɩɨɧɢɢɜɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɯɤɨɧɰɚɷɩɨɯɢɗɞɨ 82

ɉɪɢɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɵɋɢɛɢɪɢɢɢɯɫɨɫɟɞɢ

Ⱥɤɬɚɦɨɜ ɂ Ƚ, Ɋɨɞɢɨɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ

ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜɜɧɚɱɚɥɟXXI ɜɟɤɚ 92

ȿɩɢɮɚɧɨɜɚɇ ɋ, Ⱥɤɭɥɢɧɢɧ ȼ ɇ ɉɪɢɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɢɧ

ɰɢɣɄɢɬɚɹ 103

ɒɦɚɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ ɋ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɘɠ

ɧɨɣɄɨɪɟɢɜɌɈɊ 117
 ɏɪɨɧɢɤɚ

ɅɸȾɷɩɷɣ ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣɷɬɚɩɛɨɪɶɛɵɫɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɟɣ&29,'-ɜɄɢɬɚɟɜɡɝɥɹɞɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ 126

ȼɚɪɟɧɨɜ Ⱥ ȼ XI Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ©Ⱦɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɇɨɧɝɨ

ɥɢɢȻɚɣɤɚɥɶɫɤɨɣɢɘɠɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɄɢɬɚɹª 131

Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɢ

Ⱦɟɫɧɢɰɤɚɹ ȿ Ⱥ ɉɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɤɧɢɝɚɨɞɪɟɜɧɟɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɯ 136

Ƚɢɪɱɟɧɤɨȿ Ⱥ ɎɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɧɟɨɥɢɬɚɘɠɧɨɝɨɄɢɬɚɹ 141

ȿɮɢɦɟɧɤɨɆ ȼɈɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɣɬɪɭɞɩɨɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɄɢɬɚɹ 145

ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɞɥɹɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ 148
 CONTENTS

Philosophy and Culture of East Asia

Maslov A. A. The Practice of ³Controlled Dreams´ in the Alchemical Tradition of Taoism 9

Voytishek E. E. The Main Stages of the Development of Incense Culture in China 24

Truong Anh Thuan. The Unique Phenomena in the Meeting between Western Medicine and
Traditional Chinese and Vietnamese Medicine during the 17th and 18th Centuries 38

Philippov E. A. The History of Formation of the Japanese Collection in the National Library
of Russia 47

History and Art of East Asia

Tseluyko M. S. The Bu Qi Gui Inscription and Genesis of the Qin State 57

Kuzhel Yu. L., Breslavets T. I. Unusual Sculptures of Buddhist Deities in Japan in the Halo
of Legends and Historical Facts 72

Shchepkin V. V. Reforms by Peter the Great as a Model for Japan in the Writings of the Late
Edo Period 82

Border Regions of Siberia and Their Neighbours

Aktamov I. G., Rodionov V. A. Mongolia¶s Soft Power Tools in Relation to Russian Regions
at the Beginning of the 21st Century 92

Epifanova N. S., Akulinin V. N. Border Trade between Regions of Russia and Provinces
of China 103

Shmakova A. S. Problems and Prospects of Economic Integration of Russia and South Korea
in the ASEZs 117
 Chronicle

Liu Depei. Initial Stage of the Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A View from
Inside 126

Varenov A. V. XI International Scientific CRQIHUHQFH³$QFLHQW&XOWXUHVRI0RQJROLD%DLNDO

and 6RXWK6LEHULD1RUWKHUQ&KLQD´ 131

Book Reviews

Desnitskaya E. A. A Popular Survey of Indian Linguistic Traditions 136

Girchenko E. A. A Fundamental Investigation of the Early Neolithic of Southern China 141

Efimenko M. V. A General Survey of Ancient Chinese History 145

Instructions to Contributors 148

ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹɫɬɚɬɶɹ

ɍȾɄ
DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-9-23

ȺɥɟɤɫɟɣȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ Ɇɚɫɥɨɜ

Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɆȼɅɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ

ɆɨɫɤɜɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ
amaslov@iaas.msu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-2874

Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ©ɫɧɚªɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ
©ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɵɯª ɢɥɢ ©ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣª ȼ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɑɷɧɶ Ɍɭɚɧɶ
(X ɜɆɚȾɚɧɶɹɧXII ɜȻɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɶXII ɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞ ɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɧɨɦ ɢ ɹɜɶɸ ɞɨɥɝɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɛɞɟ-
ɧɢɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɢɜɞɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ©ɷɝɨªɂɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɣɦɢɪɚ©ɜɨɫɧɚɯªɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɪɢ
ɜɨɞɢɬɶɤɧɚɱɚɥɭɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɟɥɚɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɷɬɚɩɨɜ
ɧɚɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ©ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɥɟɧɢɹª ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɜɢɧɰɚɢɪɬɭɬɢɢɜɤɨɧɰɟɤɨɧɰɨɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ©ɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚªɌɟɯɧɢɤɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɫɧɚɧɟɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɜɨɬɪɵɜɟɨɬɨɛɳɟɣɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɢɛɵɥɚɫɤɨɪɟɟɟɟɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɱɟɦɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɱɚ
ɫɬɶɸ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ
Ʉɢɬɚɣɪɟɥɢɝɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹɚɥɯɢɦɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɫɥɨɜ Ⱥ Ⱥ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ©ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣª ɜ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɚ  ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɇȽɍ
ɋɟɪɢɹɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹ21Ɍ20ʋ10ȼɨɫɬɨɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɋ. 9±23. DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-
9-23

Alexey A. Maslov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Moscow, Russian Federation
amaslov@iaas.msu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-2874

Abstract
7KHSDSHUIRFXVHVRQWKH7DRLVWFRQFHSWRI³GUHDPV´ZKLFKLVFRQVLGHUHGIURPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRIWKHPHGLWDWLYH
SUDFWLFH RI ³UHDOL]HG GUHDPV´ RU ³FRQWUROOHG YLVLRQV´ )DPRXV 7DRLVW PDVWHrs Chen Tuan (10th cent.), Ma Danyang
(12th cent.), Bai Yuchan (12th FHQW DQG PDQ\ RWKHUV LPSOHPHQWHG WHFKQLTXHV RI ³FRQWUROOHG GUHDPV´ DV D W\SH RI
 meditative alchemical practice: erasing the frontier between sleep and reality, long periods of vigil in DVWDWHRI³Dl-
PRVWVOHHS´OHDGWRGHDFWXDOL]DWLRQRIWKHRZQ³HJR´'HOLYHUDQFHIURPWKHFRQYHQWLRQVRIWKH³GUHDPZRUOG´OHDGVWR
the beginning of the mystical transformations inside the body, and the practitioner passes through several stages: to set
up EUHDWKLQJFDOPFRQVFLRXVQHVVWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH³FRSXODWLRQ´LQVLGHWKHERG\RIWZRDJHQWVDQDORJVRIDOFKHm-
LFDO OHDG DQG PHUFXU\ FRQFOXGLQJ ZLWK WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI D ³PLUDFOH UHPHG\´ :LWK WKH FRQWURO RI WKH VSLULW-shen,
overnight visions were the continuation of the Taoist self-control during the day, while due to various psychosomatic
PHWKRGV GUHDPV DQG UHDOLW\ ZHUH SHUFHLYHG DV D VLQJOH LQGLVWLQJXLVKDEOH FRQWLQXXP DQG YDULRXV ³OXVWIXO GHVLUHV´
were expelled from consciousness. In this regard, the SRSXODULGHDRID³GUHDP´LQ7DRLVWSUDFWLFHMXVWDVDSKLORVRSh-
ical and aesthetic category, seemed to be too one-VLGHG7KHWHFKQLTXHRI³FRQWUROOHGGUHDPV´GLGQRWH[LVWLQVHSDUa-
tion from the general alchemical practice and was rather an additional than the central part of it. Dreams themselves,
in other words, the uncontrolled immersion of a person into the world of images and traces of consciousness, at that
moment turned into his opposite ± a similar, but not identical ± in the colossal work of the spirit for the complete
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQWRDQ³LPPRrWDO´
Keywords
China, religion, culture, Taoism, Buddhism, controlled dreaming, meditation, alchemy
For citation
Maslov A. $7KH3UDFWLFHRI³&RQWUROOHG'UHDPV´LQWKH$OFKHPLFDO7UDGLWLRQRI7DRLVP. Vestnik NSU. Series: His-
tory and Philology, 2021, vol. 20, no. 10: Oriental Studies, pp. 9±23. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-
10-9-23

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ: ɨɬ ©ɫɧɚ ɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵª

ɞɨɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ

ȾɚɨɫɫɤɢɟɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢX±;,,,ɜɜɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶɤɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɞɥɹɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɚ
ɬɟɦɟ©ɫɧɚªɢɥɢɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɪɚɧɧɢɯɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ
ɜɚɥɢɧɟɤɚɤɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɨ-ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɭɸɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɹɜɢɢɫɧɚɧɨɤɚɤɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜ
ɧɭɸ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ©ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɚª ɜ ɞɚɥɶ
ɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɠɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɛ ©ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɯª ɢɥɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɭ
ɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɵɫɜɨɟɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɵ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟỖ ɦɷɧ ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɨɤɚɤ©ɫɨɧª©ɝɪɟɡɚª©ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟªɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬ
ɜɢɟɦɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɨɬɚɤɠɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ©ɩɭɫɬɵɟɢɥɥɸɡɢɢªɄɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɧ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɹɦ ɦɢɪɚ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ
ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɦɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɦɷɧ ɢɦɟɧɧɨɤɚɤɨɫɨɛɭɸɦɟɞɢɬɚ
ɬɢɜɧɭɸɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɭɸɧɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɬɪɚɧɫɬɟɥɟɫɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚ©ɭɬɪɚɬɵɫɟɛɹª©ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
ɬɟɥɚªɚɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɢɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɭɯɨɜ-ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɨɫɨɛɵɟɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɗɬɨɬɚɤɠɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɢɫɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɬɟɥɚॆ䓛 ɯɭɚɲɷɧɶɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɚɥɯɢɦɢɢ
‫ޗ‬ѩ ɧɷɣɞɚɧɶɚɞɟɩɬɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɭɩɨɞɨɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɩɹ
ɳɟɦɭ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɤɭɬɢɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɦɭɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ©ɫɧɚªɜɲɤɨɥɟɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨɨɬɮɢɥɨɫɨɮ
ɫɤɨ-ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣɪɚɧɧɢɯɞɚɨɫɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵɢɛɚɛɨɱɤɟ
Ⱦɚɨɫɫɤɢɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɫɧɚɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɢɥɢɞɚɠɟɰɟɥɨ
ɫɬɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɫɧɚɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɬɢɛɟɬɫɤɢɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯɞɥɹ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ©ɤɚɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɨɜª ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɯ >+ROecek, 2016; Norbu,
2002; Waggoner@Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɫɬɨɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɧɚɫɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬɢɦɟɧ
ɧɨɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɥɢɲɶɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦɧɚɱɚɥɚɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣɜɬɟɥɟɚɞɟɩɬɚ
ɋɨɧɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɚɤɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɧɚɞ-ɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹ± ɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ
ɧɨɬɟɦɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɡɚɫɱɟɬɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɢɪɚɜɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ©ɢɧɨɝɨªɋɨɧɞɥɹɞɚɨɫɚɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹɜɢɧɨɣɦɢɪɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɢɪɚɟɝɨɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɨɛ
ɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɦɨɬɢɜ©ɞɚɥɶɧɟɝɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɫɬɜɢɹª  䚐 䙺 ɸɚɧɶ ɸ ɜɨ ɫɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɭ ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɟɛɹɞɥɹɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɨɩɵɬɚɧɟɫɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɧɢɤɤɚɤɨɦɭɞɪɭɝɨ-
ɦɭɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɢɥɢɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɸɜɷɬɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɍɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵɫɨɧɜɨɨɛɳɟɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸɩɨɧɢɦɚ-
ɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɬɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɗɬɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɬɱɟ ɢɡ ©ɑɠɭɚɧ-
ɰɡɵªɨ ɱɟɪɟɩɟɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɛɟɫɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɜ ɟɝɨɩɨɞɝɨɥɨɜɭɢɡɚɫɧɭɜɆɨɬɢɜɠɢɡɧɢɤɚɤ
ɫɧɚɤɚɤɜɟɱɧɨɞɥɹɳɟɣɫɹɝɪɟɡɵɝɞɟɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ± ɥɢɲɶɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɦɢɝɢɞɚɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɬɨ-
ɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶɫɚɦɫɨɧɜɟɫɶɦɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧɞɥɹɥɸɛɨɝɨɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚ
ȼɷɩɨɯɭɋɭɧɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯɨɫɧɟɤɚɤɨɛɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɩɪɚɤ
ɬɢɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɫɨ©ɫɧɨɦªɤɚɤɨɫɨɛɭɸɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸɫɬɪɚɧɫ
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɢɱɬɨɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɟɟɨɬɦɨɬɢɜɚ
©ɫɧɚª ɭ ɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɚɝɭ
ɅɸɣȾɭɧɛɢɧɸɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜ©ɉɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢɤɧɢɝɉɪɟɞɤɚɅɸɣ>Ⱦɭɧɛɢɧɹ@ª੅⾆‫ޘ‬Җ Ʌɸɣ
ɰɡɭ ɰɸɚɧɶɲɭ ɦɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ ©Ɋɟɱɢɬɚɬɢɜ ɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɫɧɨɜª ⶑ࣏䇰 ɒɭɣɝɭɧɰɡɸɷ)
>Ʌɸɣɰɡɭɰɸɚɧɶɲɭ@ȼɏɜ©ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɧɨɜªɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɶɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ©ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯɧɚɫɬɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɧɨɜ ɫ ɝɨɪɵ ɏɭɚɲɚɧɶª 㨟ኡॱҼⶑ࣏㑭䁓
ɏɭɚɲɚɧɶɲɢɷɪɲɭɣɝɭɧɰɡɭɧɰɡɸɷɜ;,,ɜȻɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɶɩɢɲɟɬɬɟɤɫɬ©Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɨɝɪɟɡɚɯª
(དྷ䃜 ɆɷɧɲɨɆɚȾɚɧɶɹɧ± ©ɉɹɬɶɧɨɱɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɠɞɥɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɨɬɲɟɥɶɧɢɤɚªӄᴤᇴ䏉ት༛
ɍ ɝɷɧ ɰɡɢɱɠɚɨ ɰɡɸɣɲɢ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮ ɢ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɤ ɑɷɧɶ ɐɡɵɞɷ 䱸㠚ᗇ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ Ɏɭɰɡɹɧɶ
ɜXV ɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ©ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨȼɟɥɢɤɢɯɫɧɨɜªབྷⶑ࣏ Ⱦɚɲɭɣɝɭɧ>ɑɠɭɧɯɭɚɞɚɨɰɡɹɨ,
ɫ@ȼɷɩɨɯɭɆɢɧɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɟɧɞɢɭɦɵɨ ɩɨ
ɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɸ ɞɚɨɫɚ
ɢɡɧɚɬɨɤɚɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɟɣɑɠɨɭɅɸɣɡɢɧɚઘን䶆) ± ©Ɉɛɲɢɪɧɵɟɱɬɟɧɢɹɭȼɪɚɬɩɨɤɨɹª
(ཧ䮰ᔓ⢈ ɂɦɷɧɶɝɭɚɧɞɭ).
ɗɬɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɧɟɛɵɥɚɟɞɢɧɨɣɢɪɚɡɧɢɥɚɫɶɨɬɲɤɨɥɵɤɲɤɨɥɟɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɦɠɟɛɵɥɨɩɨ
ɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ©ɢɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹª ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɥɨ ©ɜɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɝɥɭɛɨɱɚɣɲɢɣ ɬɚɣɧɟª
ɢ ɤ ©ɬɚɣɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɇɟɛɚª ཙ₏ ɬɹɧɶ ɰɡɢ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ©ɫɧɚªɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɜɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɫ;,,ɜɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨȽɥɚɜ
ɧɨɣɰɟɥɶɸɛɵɥɨɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɬ©ɝɪɟɡªɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɣɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɜɦɨɦɟɧɬɵɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɣɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢȼɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɷɬɨ
ɛɵɥɨɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɢɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵ©ɦɭɞɪɟɰɧɟɝɪɟɡɢɬªɢɥɢ©ɦɭɞɪɟɰɩɪɟɛɵ
ɜɚɟɬɜɧɟɝɪɟɡª
ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɷɬɢɦɫɨɧɨɩɚɫɟɧɢɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɟɧɬɚɤɤɚɤɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɚɞɟɩɬɚɩɨɬɟɪɹɬɶɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɞ
ɫɚɦɢɦɫɨɛɨɣɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɞɚɨɫɫɤɚɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɩɚɫɚɥɚɫɶɫɚɦɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɧɚɈɧɜɨɫɩɪɢ
ɧɢɦɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɞɟ ɪɚɡɭɦ-ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ᗳ ɫɢɧɶ ɪɚɡ
ɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɜɨɸɫɜɹɡɶɫɞɭɯɨɦ-ɲɷɧɶɝɞɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɟɫɚɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɧɨɟɝɨɬɟɦɧɵɣɞɜɨɣɧɢɤɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɞɭɯɨɜ ȼ ɲɤɨɥɟ
ɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨ ɷɬɢ ɨɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɚ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɨɛ ɭɬɪɚɬɟ ɫɚɦɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɩɨɬɟɪɟɫɟɦɟɧɢ-ɰɡɢɧ ɢɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɹɧɊɹɞɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɥɢɛɢɞɨɡɧɵɯɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɯɷɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɧɚɯɢɧɨɱɧɵɯɩɨɥɥɸɰɢɹɯ ± ɜɫɟɷɬɨɧɚ
ɪɭɲɚɟɬɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɞɚɨɫɚɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɧɫɬɨɥɶɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɞɧɟɦ 1ɂɤɚɤ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɫɨɧɧɚɞɨɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɶɢɡɝɧɚɬɶɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɜɫɜɨɸɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɋɭɬɶɩɪɚɤ
ɬɢɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɯ ⾎ ɲɷɧɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɞɧɟɦ
ɢ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ©ɫɟɪɞɰɚª ᗳ ɫɢɧɶ
ɢɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ᜿ ɢɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɜɨɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɦɢɪɨɦ

1
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ©ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ əɧ ɞɚɛɵ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɥɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɢ ɛɵɬɶɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɧɢɦɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɧɨɱɧɵɯɩɨɥɥɸɰɢɣªɋɭɧɶɀɭɱɷɧ;9,,ɜɐɡɢɧɶɞɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɮɚɂɫɬɢɧɧɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɁɨɥɨ
ɬɨɣɩɢɥɸɥɢᆛྲᘐDŽ䠁ѩⵏۣ©ɅɭɱɲɢɟɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɡɏɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚȾɚɨªɫɟɪɢɹɬ
 ɋɬɪɨɝɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɬɟɤɫɬɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɨɧɤɚɤɦɨɦɟɧɬɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɫɧɚ
ɢɫɨɧɤɚɤɝɪɟɡɭɤɨɝɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɵɢɥɢɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɞɭɯɚɦɢɗɬɨɬ
ɦɨɬɢɜɦɵɭɠɟɦɨɠɟɦɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɜ©Ʌɟ-ɰɡɵªɝɞɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɲɟɫɬɶɬɢɩɨɜɫɧɨɜ©ɢɫɬɢɧ
ɧɵɟɫɧɵªɬɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɟɢɛɟɡɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣ↓དྷ ɱɠɷɧɦɷɧ©ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɟªɢɥɢ©ɛɟɫɩɨɪɹ
ɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɧɵª 㰱དྷ ɭ ɦɷɧ ɫɧɵ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢª ᙍདྷ ɫɵ ɦɷɧ ©ɫɧɵ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ
ɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸª ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɢɲɶ ɬɟɯ ɫ ɤɟɦ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɫɹ ɞɧɟɦ ሔདྷ ɭ ɦɷɧ ©ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɟ
ɫɧɵªௌདྷ ɫɢɦɷɧ©ɩɭɝɚɸɳɢɟɫɧɵªᠬདྷ ɰɡɸɦɷɧȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɫɧɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦɢɥɢɞɚɠɟɩɪɹɦɵɦɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦɫɞɭɯɚɦɢ©ɜɲɟɫɬɢɷɬɢɯɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɫɧɚɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɥɹɟɲɶɫɹɬɵɫɞɭɯɚɦɢª 2.
ȿɫɬɶɢɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɦɵɫɥɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɫɧɚɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɥɸɞɶɦɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ
©ɧɨɱɧɵɟɜɢɡɢɬɵªɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɩɨɞɞɚɬɶɫɹɢɯɱɚ
ɪɚɦȼɷɬɨɬɦɨɦɟɧɬɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɢɥɢɥɢɱɧɵɦɨɩɵɬɨɦ
ɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɣɦɨɠɟɬɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɬɶɫɹɫɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɧɢɯ
ɤɚɤɨɬɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣɋɨɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɦɟɬɨɞɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɢɤɨɧɜɟɧ
ɰɢɣɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣɧɚɫɜɨɟɦɩɭɬɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɫɜɨɟɣɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɵᙗ
ɫɢɧȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɷɬɨɣɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɣɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɢɬɶɫɹɫɫɚɦɨɣɢɥɥɸɡɨɪɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɫɟɛɹɫɚɦɨɝɨɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɫɟɡɧɚɟɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɨɜɫɟɦɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɧɚɨɬɧɚɲɟɝɨɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɟɝɨɭɦɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɨɱɶɸɜɚɠɟɧɢɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɬɶɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ©ɞɟɦɨɧɨɜɫɧɚªⶑ
冄 ɲɭɣɦɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɧɟɦɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɫɧɚɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ©ɩɪɨɢɫ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɫɟɦɟɧɢªɬɨɟɫɬɶɧɨɱɧɵɟɩɨɥɥɸɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɸɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦȾɚɨɫȻɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɶ
ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɜ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɟ ©Ⱦɟɫɹɬɶ ɤɧɢɝ ɨ ɩɟɫɬɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɢɧɵª ɋɸɣ
ɱɠɷɧɶɲɢɲɭ) 3.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ©ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣªɤɚɤɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ
ɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ©ɩɹɬɢɫɬɪɚɠª

Ⱦɚɨɫɫɤɚɹɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹɨɛɵɱɧɨɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɧɨɱɧɵɟɱɚɫɵɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɱɚɫɵ ᆀ ɰɡɵ,
ɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɞɨɧɨɱɢ± ɷɬɨɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɹɧɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɚɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɷɣɞɚɧɶ ɲɤɨɥɵɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ
ɫ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɋɭɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɂ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɟɣ
ɲɢɦɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɛɵɥɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɡɚɫɧɭɬɶɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹɱɬɨɧɨɱɧɵɟɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɥɢɫɶ
ɦɧɨɝɨɞɧɟɣɩɨɞɪɹɞɧɨɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɭɞɪɟɦɵɜɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɧɬɢ
ɧɭɭɦɚɫɧɚɢɹɜɢ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɜɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɥɢɫɶ
ɉɟɪɜɭɸɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦɨɠɧɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶɤɚɤ©ɧɚɫɢɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟªɬɟɪɦɢɧ± ɧɚɲ
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɧɨɱɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɞɪɟɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɚɹɫɶ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɨɧ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɞɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣɱɬɨɜɟɞɟɬɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ©ɱɭɞɟɫɧɨ
ɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚªɗɬɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶɜɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨɢɧɚɲɥɢɫɜɨɟɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɪɨɬ
ɤɢɯ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ©ɩɹɬɢ ɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɠª Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ©ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɫɧɚªɢɥɢ©ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɧɨɦªⶑ࣏ ɲɭɣɝɭɧ), ɛɵɥɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɫɢɫ
ɬɟɦɨɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɣ ©ɜɫɬɪɟɱ ɫ ɞɭɯɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɦɢª ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
©ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɢɹªɜɷɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɇɨɬɚɤɢɥɢɢɧɚɱɟɨɛɟɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚ
ɞɢɰɢɟɣ

2
Ʌɟ-ɰɡɵɝɥɚɜɚ©ɑɠɨɭɆɭ-ɜɚɧªˣࡇᆀ ઘぶ⦻NJ. Chinese Text Project. URL: https://ctext.org/liezi/zhou-mu-wang/
zhs#n37441 (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 01.07.2021).
3
Ȼɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɶɋɸɣɱɠɷɧɶɲɢɲɭ (‫ॱⵏ؞‬ᴨȾɟɫɹɬɶɤɧɢɝɨɩɟɫɬɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɫɬɢɧɵ. Ⱦɚɨɰɡɚɧ䚃㯿ɚ±7b.
 ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɨɬ ɫɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɨɝɞɚ ©ɫɨɧ
ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɫ ɹɜɶɸª ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɨɟ ɛɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɧɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɪɚɹ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭɦɟɠɞɭɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɦɢɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɷɬɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜ©ɏɭɚɧɬɢɧɰɡɢɧª± ©ȿɫɥɢ
ɫɟɦɶɞɧɟɣɢɧɨɱɟɣɧɚɩɪɨɥɟɬɫɦɨɠɟɲɶɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɬɶɜɦɵɫɥɹɯɛɟɡɞɪɟɦɨɬɵɬɨɧɚɫɟɞɶɦɨɣɞɟɧɶ
ɞɭɯɩɪɨɧɡɢɬɬɟɛɹɞɧɟɦɢɧɨɱɶɸɛɭɞɟɲɶɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɬɶɬɵɧɚɝɨɪɟɄɭɧɶɥɭɧɶɱɢɫɬɟɣɲɟɟɧɚɱɚɥɨ
ɹɧ ɥɢɲɢɬɬɟɛɹɫɧɚ± ɜɨɬɷɬɨɢɡɨɜɟɬɫɹɂɫɬɢɧɧɵɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦª 4.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɬɤɚɡɚɨɬɧɟɝɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɜɨɡ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɥ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ©ɜɨ ɫɧɟª ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɵɄɬɚɤɨ
ɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɞɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɛɟɡ ɫɧɚ ɞɨ
ɞɧɟɣɌɚɤɨɞɢɧɢɡɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜɲɤɨɥɵɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨɂɧɶɑɠɢɩɢɧ±1251)
ɫɱɢɬɚɥɱɬɨɫɚɦɵɦɢɧɟɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɢɦɵɦɢɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɬɪɢɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɫɧɚɢɩɥɨɬ
ɫɤɢɯɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɣɈɧɬɚɤɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɜɨɣɨɩɵɬɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɫɧɚ©ɇɚɱɢɧɚɣɬɟɫɫɨ
ɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɦ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɟɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ
ɭɫɩɟɯȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɨɧɥɢɜɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɭɣɞɟɬɢɜɵɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɨɛɪɟɬɟɬɟɫɢɥɭɄɨ
ɝɞɚɹɠɢɥɜɒɚɧɶɞɭɧɟɹɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɫɹɢɦɟɧɧɨɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɄɨɝɞɚɹɯɨɬɶɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ
ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɢɥɢɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɹɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɥɤɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣȾɟɧɶɡɚɞɧɟɦ
ɹɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɬɚɤɞɨɢɥɢɞɧɟɣɗɬɨɫɬɚɥɨɞɥɹɦɟɧɹɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɦɨɣɪɚɡɭɦɛɵɥɹɫɟɧ
ɢɪɚɞɨɫɬɟɧª 5.
Ȼɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɝɥɨɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɫɹɜɫɸɧɨɱɶɫɚɦɚɠɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶɧɚɩɹɬɶɷɬɚ
ɩɨɜ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɠ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɫ©ɭɞɚɪɚɜɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɢɥɢɝɨɧɝª啃 ɝɭɗɬɨɧɚɲɥɨɫɜɨɟɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɬɢɯɚɯɢɫɬɢɯɨ
ɬɜɨɪɧɵɯɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɢɡɩɹɬɢɱɚɫɬɟɣ± ɤɚɠɞɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɚɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ ɨ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɠɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɭɸ
©ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸª ɢ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɜɧɭɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɜɟɫɶ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨ
ɰɟɫɫ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ©ɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚª
[Goossaert, 2000 ɪ. 252±@ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɚɦ ɩɭɬɶ ɜ ©ɩɹɬɶ ɲɚɝɨɜª ɭ ɝɷɧ ± ©ɩɹɬɶ ɧɨɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɠª ©ɩɹɬɶ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɧɝª ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɫɟɬɚɤɢɟɫɬɢɯɢɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɞɚɨɢɧɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɹɯȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɨɧɨɱɧɵɯɛɞɟɧɢɹɯɜɨɲɥɨɜɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯɫɬɢɯɨɜ©Ɉɬ
ɝɨɥɨɫɤɢɤɪɢɤɨɜɠɭɪɚɜɥɟɣª呓咔։丣 Ɇɢɧɯɷɸɣɢɧɶɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɉɷɧɑɠɢɱɠɭɧɨɦᖝ㠤ѝ)
ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ;,,,ɜɜɰɡɸɚɧɹɯɢɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ 6.
ɉɹɬɶɫɬɪɚɠ± ɷɬɨɩɹɬɶɧɨɱɧɵɯɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜɫ ɞɨɭɬɪɚ± ɥɭɱɲɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɞɥɹɦɟɞɢɬɚ
ɰɢɢ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɬɢɯ ± ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ± ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ©ɭɞɚɪɨɦª ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɚ ɋɬɪɨɝɨ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɹɬɢɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜɧɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɨɧɚɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɩɪɨɞɨɥ
ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɟɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ
ɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɝɪɭɫɥɨɜɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɰɢɤɥɵɬɪɢɝɪɚɦɦɵɢɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ
ɍɞɚɪɜɝɨɧɝɝɭɟɫɬɶɥɢɲɶɫɢɦɜɨɥɤɧɚɱɚɥɭɧɨɜɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɚɧɨɧɟɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɫɤɚɠɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɱɚɫɚ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɵ ɧɟ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦ ȼ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɩɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɨɬɦɟ
ɱɚɸɬɫɹɭɞɚɪɨɦɜɝɨɧɝɢɥɢɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɱɚɧɶɫɤɢɟɛɞɟɧɢɹɞɚɠɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɩɹɬɶ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ唎 ɞɹɧɶɤɚɠɞɵɣɢɡɷɬɢɯɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɭɞɚɪɨɜɩɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ©ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣɞɨɫɤɟª䴢ᶯ ɸɧɶɛɚɧɶ) [Goossaert, 2000ɪ. 252].

4
ɏɭɚɧɬɢɧɧɷɣɰɡɢɧɸɣɰɡɢɧɱɠɭɇɟɮɪɢɬɨɜɵɣɤɚɧɨɧɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɜɢɞɚɀɟɥɬɨɝɨɞɜɨɪɚɫɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ 㐍ఋ
㚐‫ۆܢ‬ៅḾ). China text project. URLKWWSVFWH[WRUJZLNLSO"LI HQ FKDSWHU ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
5
ɂɧɶ ɑɠɢɩɢɧ ɐɢɧɯɷ ɱɠɷɧɶɠɷɧɶ ɛɷɣɸ ɸɣɥɭ >ቩᘇᒣDŽ␵઼ⵏӪे⑨䃎䤴@ Ɋɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɂɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɐɢɧɯɷ ɢɡ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɢɹ  China text project URL: https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=455195 ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛ
ɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
6
Ɍɟɤɫɬɜɨɲɟɥɜ©ɑɠɷɬɭɧȾɚɨɰɡɚɧªɜɪɚɡɞɟɥ©Ɍɚɣɫɸɚɧɶɛɭª± ©ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨª↓㔏䚃㯿ཚ⦴䜘).
 ȼɲɤɨɥɟɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɞɚɨɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɩɨɧɹɬɢɟⵐ ɦɹɧɶɬɚɤɢỖ ɦɷɧɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɟɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɹɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨɬɪɚɧɫɚɌɚɤɬɟɤɫɬɤɫɢɥɨɝɪɚ
ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ  ɝ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ©ɦɟɞɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɢ
ɥɢɲɶɭɩɨɞɨɛɥɹɹɫɶɬɨɦɭɤɬɨɫɩɢɬª඀ᘈⵐ ɰɡɨɜɚɧɦɹɧɶ) >Ⱦɚɨɰɡɹɰɡɢɧɶɲɢɪ. 622±623].
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ©ɫɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɛɵɬɶɢªɰɡɨɜɚɧ) ± ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜ
ɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ©ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦª ɚɞɟɩɬɚ
ɨɬ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɧɜɟɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɵ >Ɇɚɫɥɨɜ ,
ɫ. 17±20].
ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɌɢɝɪɢɞɪɚɤɨɧɞɪɚɤɨɧɢɡɦɟɹɞɟɜɢɰɚɢɦɥɚɞɟɧɟɰɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɞɜɭɯɜɚɠɧɟɣ
ɲɢɯɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɫɜɢɧɰɚɢɪɬɭɬɢɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ©ɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹªɜɨɟɞɢɧɨɮɨɪɦɢ
ɪɭɹɩɢɥɸɥɸɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹɗɬɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɬɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɦɢɪɚ
ɟɝɨ ©ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɢɢª ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɞɚɨɫ Ɇɚ Ⱦɚɧɶɹɧ ±1184) [May et al., 1999,
ɪ. 12±@ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɥ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ ɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɚ ɦɹɧɶ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ
©ɉɹɬɶɧɨɱɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɠɞɥɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɨɬɲɟɥɶɧɢɤɚªӄᴤᇴ䏉ት༛ ɍɝɷɧɰɡɢɱɠɚɨɰɡɸɣɲɢ) 7.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɚɞɟɩɬ ©ɡɚɫɵɩɚɟɬª ⵐ ɦɹɧɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɱɚɣ
ɲɟɣɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟɜɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɯɁɚɬɟɦɨɧ©ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɢɥɢɜɫɩɚ
ɯɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɟɦɥɸª ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɝɨɧɤɭ ɩɢɥɸɥɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɞɚɧɶɬɹɧɶ ɜɜɟɪɯ ± ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹɜɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯɲɤɨɥɚɯ 8ɇɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɞɚɧɶɬɹɧɶ ɢɡ©ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜªɩɪɨɥɢɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɞɨɠɞɶɢɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɜɜɢɞɟ©ɩɭɪɩɭɪɧɨɝɨɝɪɢɛɚªɇɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɝɨɧɤɚɩɢɥɸɥɢɜɜɟɪɯɢɞɜɚɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɟɥɚɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɜɟɞɢ
ɧɭɸɩɢɥɸɥɸ ɧɚɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ©ɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬªɝɨɬɨɜɭɸɩɢɥɸɥɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɟɛɹ
ɧɚɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦɱɟɪɟɡɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɜɵɫɲɟɣɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɢɢɡɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɬɜɫɟɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣɢɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸ
ɳɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶɟɝɨɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɹɬɨɦ± ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɨɤɨɧɱɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɢɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɡɚɪɨɞɵɲ©ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬɜɫɜɨɟɦɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɢɢª

ȼɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɞɚɪ ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɥ ± ɜ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɹ ɡɚɫɵ а啃ᆔⵐ‫ޗ‬ᆸˈ

ɩɚɸɢɷɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸ
ɋɨɛɥɚɤɚɦɢɹɜɫɩɚɯɢɜɚɸɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɭɸɡɟɦɥɸ ሦ䲨⭘䴢㙅䘿DŽ
ɂ ɝɭɫɬɨ ɜɵɫɚɠɢɜɚɸ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɪɨɫɬɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɭɪɩɭɪɧɨɝɨ ᇶぞ㍛㣍㤇ˈ
ɝɪɢɛɚ 9.
Ɉɬɧɵɧɟɜɦɨɟɦɧɟɛɟɫɧɨɦɝɪɨɬɟ 10 ɛɨɥɟɟɧɟɬɦɟɫɬɚɧɢ 㠚ᱟ⍎ཙ❑┿DŽ
ɤɚɤɢɦɫɬɪɚɫɬɹɦ 11.
ɋɨɜɫɟɦɧɢɤɚɤɢɦ ❑┿ˈ❑┿ˈ
ɂɜɨɬɭɠɬɢɝɪ-ɤɚɧ ɢɞɪɚɤɨɧ-ɥɢ ɫɩɥɟɥɢɫɶɜɨɟɞɢɧɨ 12. ൾ㱾䴒喽Ӕხ
ȼɨɬɜɬɨɪɨɣɭɞɚɪɡɜɭɱɢɬ± ɹɫɩɥɸɜɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɷɬɨ Ҽ啃ᆔⵐ‫ޗ‬ᆸˈ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸ

7
ɆɚȾɚɧɶɹɧɍɝɷɧɰɡɢɱɠɚɨɰɡɸɣɲɢ>俜ѩ䲭DŽӄᴤᇴ䏉ት༛]. ɉɹɬɶɧɨɱɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɠɞɥɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɨɬɲɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ
China text project: URL: https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=241117#ӄᴤᇴ䏉ት༛ (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 06.05.2021).
8
ɋɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɭ©ɜɫɩɚɲɤɢɡɟɦɥɢª>'HVSHX[ɪ. 215±219].
9
ɉɭɪɩɭɪɧɵɣɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɣɝɪɢɛ± ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɭɞɪɟɰɚɢɥɢɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɝɨɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚȼɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ± ɬɭɬɨɜɧɢɤɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɣ
10
ɇɟɛɟɫɧɵɣɝɪɨɬɞɭɧɬɹɧɶ) ± ɨɛɢɬɟɥɶɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɯɨɞɢɧɢɡɞɟɫɹɬɢɢɥɢɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯɝɪɨɬɨɜɜɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɟ
11
ɋɬɪɚɫɬɢ ❑┿ ɭɥɨɭ) ± ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ ©ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɣª ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɣ ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɲɥɨ ɢɡ ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɚ ɫɚɧɫɤɪɢɬ anasrava ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɣ ɡɚɛɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɢ
12
Ɍɢɝɪ-ɤɚɧ ɢɞɪɚɤɨɧ-ɥɢ ± ɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɇɟɛɚɢɁɟɦɥɢɬɚɤɠɟɪɬɭɬɶɢɫɜɢɧɟɰɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
ɩɢɥɸɥɢɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹɞɟɜɚɢɟɟɞɢɬɹɊɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɣɩɢɥɸɥɢ
 Ɉɛɥɚɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɧɚɠɚɹ ɭɫɵɩɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɡɞɚɦɢ 䴢㏫䙽ཙᱏᇯDŽ
ɧɟɛɨ
Ƚɞɟɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɥɭɧɚɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɢɹɧɢɟɦ ᰕᴸ‫ޙ‬Ӕ‫ˈݹ‬
ɋɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɦɨɣɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɫɭɞ 13 ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧɨɬ 㠚ᱟሦ⬦❑┿DŽ
ɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ
ɂɜɨɬɭɠɞɪɚɤɨɧɢɡɦɟɹɩɨɞɧɹɥɢɫɶɢɡɡɟɦɥɢɢɜɫɬɭɩɢ ❑┿ˈ❑┿ˈ
ɥɢɜɫɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ 䎧䲨喽㲥ᡠ兕
ȼɨɬɬɪɟɬɢɣɭɞɚɪɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɥ± ɹɫɩɥɸɜɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɟɢ й啃ᆔⵐ‫ޗ‬ᆸˈ
ɷɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸ
ȼɧɨɜɶɢɜɧɨɜɶɹɫɬɭɱɭɜɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɭɸɞɜɟɪɶ 䟽ᢺ⦴䮰乫ᢓDŽ
ȼɡɵɜɚɸɤɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɸɬɨɝɨɤɬɨɡɚɩɟɪɬɜɧɭɬɪɢ ொ㿪ㆷѝӪˈ
ɋɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɨɹɧɟɮɪɢɬɨɜɚɹɡɚɫɬɚɜɚɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɨɬ 㠚ᱟ⦹䰌❑┿DŽ❑┿ˈ❑┿ˈ
ɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣȺɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚ
ɂ ɜɨɬ ɭɠ ɞɟɜɢɰɚ ɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ 14 ɜɡɹɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɡɚ ဩྣᅠ‫ނ‬ᩪ᡻
ɪɭɤɢ
ȼɨɬɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣɭɞɚɪɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɥ± ɹɫɩɥɸɜɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɟ ഋ啃ᆔⵐ‫ޗ‬ᆸˈ
ɢɷɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸ
ɋ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɬ ɝɪɚɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ 䅩䅩ሿᗳ䱢ᇷDŽ
ɹɫɟɛɹɡɚɳɢɳɚɸ 15,
ɋɜɨɟɣ ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶɸ-ɩɪɚɞɠɧɟɣ ɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɸ ភ➗⹤䛚冄ˈ
ɹɡɥɨɛɧɵɯɞɟɦɨɧɨɜ
Ɉɬɧɵɧɟ ɦɨɟ ɡɨɥɨɱɟɧɨɟ ɫɟɦɹ 16 ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣ 㠚ᱟ䠁㋮❑┿DŽ
ɐɟɥɢɤɨɦ
ɂɜɨɬɭɠɨɪɟɨɥɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɝɨɫɜɟɬɚɨɡɚɪɢɥɜɫɟɜɨɤɪɭɝ 17. ❑┿ˈ❑┿ˈ
а唎䵸‫ݹ‬㎀ቡ
ȼɨɬ ɩɹɬɵɣ ɭɞɚɪ ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɥ ± ɹ ɫɩɥɸ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɟɫɬɜɟ ӄ啃ᆔⵐ‫ޗ‬ᆸˈ
ɢɷɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸ
ȼɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɢɜɫɚɦɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬ ⒋ᇲ❑ѝᗇᴹDŽ
ɜɢɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
Ʌɢɲɶ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɟɳɢ ɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɸ ɜ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɦ ៹⢙㲅ⵏᑨˈ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɟ
Ɉɬɧɵɧɟɦɨɹɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɚɹɤɢɧɨɜɚɪɶɛɨɥɶɲɟɧɟɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɚ 㠚ᱟ⾎ѩ❑┿DŽ
ɫɬɪɚɫɬɹɦɢɧɢɤɚɤɧɢɤɚɤ
ɂɜɨɬɭɠɦɨɣɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɥɜɨɜɫɟɦ ❑┿ˈ❑┿ˈ
ɫɜɨɟɦɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɢɢ 亟⨮㛾ԉ␵⿰

13
Ⱦɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɫɭɞሦ⬦ ɛɚɨɩɢɧ) ± ɫɢɦɜɨɥɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹȼɨɛɢɯɨɞɟɷɬɨɛɭɬɵɥɶɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹɦɨɧɚ
ɯɚɦɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɥɹɨɤɪɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɝɨɥɨɜɵɚɜɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɟɷɬɨamrta-kalasa ± ɫɨɫɭɞɞɥɹɧɟɤɬɚɪɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɨɫɹɬɫɫɨɛɨɣɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɛɨɞɯɢɫɚɬɜɵ
14
Ⱦɟɜɢɰɚɢɪɟɛɟɧɨɤဩྣᅠ‫ ނ‬ɱɚɧɶɸɢɧɴɷɪ) ± ɪɬɭɬɶɢɫɜɢɧɟɰɜɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɬɨɟɫɬɶɧɚɱɢɧɚ
ɸɬɫɹɫɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɜɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
15
Ƚɪɚɛɢɬɟɥɢᇷ ɤɨɭ) ± ɡɞɟɫɶɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɟɭɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɟɝɨ
16
Ɂɨɥɨɱɟɧɨɟɫɟɦɹ䠁㋮ ɰɡɢɧɶɰɡɢɧ) ± ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɫɟɦɟɧɟɦɢɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɜɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɟ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɯ
17
ɑɭɞɟɫɧɵɣɫɜɟɬ䵸‫ ݹ‬ɥɢɧɝɭɚɧ) ± ɚɪɟɨɥɫɜɟɬɚɧɢɦɛɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɥɟɧɧɨɟɢɥɢɜɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɟɨɫɜɨ
ɛɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɫɟɯɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɜɵɫɲɭɸɱɢɫɬɨɬɭɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
 Ȼɥɢɡɤɚɹ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ əɧ
ɑɠɷɧɶɱɠɷɧɹ ɢɥɢ əɧ Ɇɢɧɱɠɷɧɹ ± ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ Ɇɚ Ⱦɚɧɶɹɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ©ɉɨɞ
ɩɥɚɬɚɧɨɦª ỗẀ⁩ ɍ ɬɭɧ ɲɭ) 18 ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ Ʌɸɣ Ⱦɭɧɛɢɧɸ ȼ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɹɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɨɱɧɨɝɨɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɞɟɩɬɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɩɹɬɶɷɬɚ
ɩɨɜɨɬɨɛɭɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɜɨɟɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ©Ɇɵɫɥɶɦɟɱɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɥɨɲɚɞɶɫɟɪɞɰɟɫɤɚɱɟɬɤɚɤɨɛɟɡɶɹ
ɧɚ ± ɢɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɛɭɡɞɚɬɶª ɱɟɪɟɡ ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜª ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ©Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɭɠ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬ ɧɟɮɪɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɱɶ ɪɚɫɤɚɥɟɧɚ Ɍɚɤ ɩɥɚɜɶ ɠɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɟ
ɪɬɭɬɶɢɫɜɢɧɟɰªɢɜɩɥɨɬɶɞɨɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹɧɚɩɹɬɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯɱɢɫɬɨɬɵɢɩɨɤɨɹɤɨɝɞɚ
©ɧɟɫɬɵɞɧɨɨɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯɫɜɨɢɯɧɚɜɟɪɯɦɭɞɪɟɰɚɦɞɨɥɨɠɢɬɶª

ȺɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɧɨɜɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɹ

ɂɞɟɹɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣɱɟɪɟɡɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɜɢɞɟ
ɧɢɣɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɝɨɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ;ɜɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɹ (䲣᪦, 871±ɇɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɑɷɧɶ
Ɍɭɚɧɹɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ©ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜ-ɬɢɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɯɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɫɧɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɵ
ɏɭɚɲɚɧɶª㨟ኡॱҼⶑ࣏㑭䁓 ɏɭɚɲɚɧɶɲɢɷɪɲɭɣɝɭɧɰɡɭɧɰɡɸɷɜɜɨɞɢɬɜɨɛɨɪɨɬɑɠɨɭɅɸɣ
ɰɡɢɧɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɟɟɜɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɸ©Ɉɛɲɢɪɧɵɟɱɬɟɧɢɹɭȼɪɚɬɩɨɤɨɹªཧ䮰ᔓ⢈ ɂɦɷɧɶɝɭɚɧɞɭ
ɋɚɦɚɞɚɨɫɫɤɚɹɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ©ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɫɧɨɜªɩɨɲɥɚɩɨɥɢɧɢɢɫɟɦɶɢɑɷɧɟɣɫɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɋɭɧ
ɤɚɤɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɨɫɶɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɤɨɧɰɚXVI ɜ 19, ɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶɜɞɜɭɯɰɢɤɥɚɯɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɥɟɠɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɨɤɭ Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ
ɱɬɨ ɑɷɧɶ Ɍɭɚɧɶ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɨ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɢ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ©ɫɧɨɦª ± ⶑ ɲɭɣ ɑɷɧɶ Ɍɭɚɧɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɟ ©ɫɩɹɳɢɣ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬ-
ɧɵɣª ± ⶑԉ ɲɭɣ ɫɹɧɶ ɇɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɟ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɏɚɫɷɝɚɜɚ Ɍɨɯɚɤɭ ±
ɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɶɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɩɹɳɢɦɫɢɞɹɇɚɦɧɨɝɢɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯɨɧɩɨɤɚ
ɡɚɧɤɚɤɞɚɨɫɫɩɹɳɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɧɟɛɟɫɚɯ
ɈɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɚɥɨɟɝɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɢɡɚɝɢɨ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɜ ©ɂɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɋɭɧª 20 ɫɨɫɬ  ɝ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ
©Ȼɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ Ɍɚɧª 21 ɫɨɫɬ  ɝ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɹɩɪɨɲɥɨɛɨɥɟɟɥɟɬ
ɉɪɨɫɥɵɥ ɨɧ ɨɬɲɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɢɦɟɥ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ Ʉɚɤ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟɜ©ȻɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɬɚɥɚɧɬɨɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɌɚɧª©ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɧɨɬɩɢɳɢɢɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɥ
ɰɢªɂɞɚɥɟɟ©ɉɨɫɟɥɢɥɫɹɨɧɧɚɝɨɪɟɏɭɚɲɚɧɶɜɨɛɢɬɟɥɢ©Ɉɛɥɚɱɧɨɣɬɟɪɪɚɫɵª ± ɘɧɶɬɚɣɝɭ
ɚɧɶɡɚɤɪɵɥɜɫɟɞɜɟɪɢɢɜɨɡɥɟɠɚɥɨɞɢɧɛɵɜɚɥɨɞɟɤɚɞɚɦɢɢɦɟɫɹɰɚɦɢɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɚɥª
Ʉɚɤ-ɬɨɟɝɨɩɪɢɡɜɚɥɤɨɞɜɨɪɭɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɰɚɪɫɬɜɚɑɠɨɭɒɢ-ɰɡɭɧɩɪɚɜ±ɢɩɨɩɪɟ
ɞɚɧɢɸɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɶɧɟɩɪɢɧɹɥɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɪɭɝɨɣɠɟɜɟɪɫɢɢɨɧɜɫɟɠɟɹɜɢɥɫɹɜɨɞɜɨɪɟɰ
ɧɨɬɚɦ©ɥɢɲɶɫɥɚɞɤɨɫɩɚɥɫɨɩɟɥɞɚɯɪɚɩɟɥª
Ɍɟɤɫɬ ©ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣª ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ©ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨª ɪɚɡ
ɞɟɥɚɢɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɥɟɠɚ©ɜɨɫɧɟªȼɬɨɪɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟ
ɦɵɯɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦɢɫɬɢɯɚɦɢɇɚɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɯɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɫɩɹɳɢɣɨɬɲɟɥɶɧɢɤɩɪɢɱɟɦɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɨɧɥɟɠɢɬɧɚɫɨɥɨɦɟɧɧɨɣɢɥɢɛɚɦɛɭɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɤɟɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟ± ɭɧɟɝɨɢɡɝɨɥɨɜɵɜɵɯɨ
ɞɢɬɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɤɨɟɝɨɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ȼɫɟɷɬɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɦɧɚɦɟɞɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɜɨɫɧɟ

18
Ɇɢɧɯɷ ɸɣɢɧɶ >匤古佈丣ধг]. ©Ɉɬɝɨɥɨɫɤɢ ɤɪɢɤɨɜ ɠɭɪɚɜɥɟɣª ɰɡɸɚɧɶ  // China text project. URL: https://
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Ƚɚɨ Ʌɹɧɶ ɐɡɭɧɶɲɷɧ ɛɚ ɰɡɹɧɶ >儈◲DŽ䚥⭏‫ޛ‬ㅪ˖ধг@ ȼɨɫɟɦɶ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɣ ɷɫɫɟ ɨ ɩɨɱɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɰɡChina text project. URL: https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=606837#pɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
20
ɋɭɧɲɢɅɟɱɠɭɚɧɶɢɧɶɢɲɚɧ>ᆻਢ˖ࡇۣҼⲮаॱ‫ ޝ‬䳡䙨к@ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɋɭɧȻɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɈɬ
ɲɟɥɶɧɢɤɢɱChina text project. URL: https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=950341 (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
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Ɍɚɧɰɚɣɰɡɵɱɠɭɚɧɶ>ୀ᡽ᆀۣ@ȻɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɬɚɥɚɧɬɨɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɌɚɧChina text project. URL: https://ctext.org/
wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=290429#p31 (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 14.03.2021).
 ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɯɨɬɹɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɦɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɧɢɡɨɛɢ
ɥɭɟɬɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɦɢɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢɢɞɚɠɟɰɢɬɢɪɭɟɬɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɟɫɭɬɪɵ± ɬɚɤɨɜɚɩɪɢɦɟɬɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɋɭɧ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ
ɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ȼɫɹɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚɧɚɬɪɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɵɣɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɬɨ
ɞɧɟɣ ©ɛɭɞɟɲɶ ɞɵɲɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɪɟɩɚɯɚª ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ± ɬɪɢɫɬɚ ɞɧɟɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɢ
ɥɸɥɹɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹɢɨɬɤɪɨɸɬɫɹ©ɜɪɚɬɚɦɟɠɛɪɨɜɹɦɢªɬɪɟɬɢɣ± ɞɜɚɝɨɞɚɬɟɥɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɥɟɝɤɢɦ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ± ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɥɸɥɢ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟ
ɚɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣɷɬɚɩ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɚɞɟɩɬɭɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɬɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ± ©ɜɨɫɩɚɪɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɹ
ɧɟɫɥɵɲɢɦɨɝɨɢɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɨɝɨªɩɪɢɱɟɦɢɡɬɟɤɫɬɚɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹ
ɧɢɹɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣɜɧɟɬɟɥɟɫɧɵɣɨɩɵɬɢɥɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɭɦɟɪɟɬɶ
ȼɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɶɱɟɬɤɨɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɱɬɨ©ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɫɧɨɜªɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤɞɧɟɦɬɚɤɢɧɨɱɶɸ©ȿɫɥɢɜɵɦɭɠɢɱɬɨɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɟɩɭɬɶ-Ⱦɚɨɢɩɟɫɬɭɟɬɟɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɪɟ
ɦɢɬɟɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɨ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ
ɞɧɟɜɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɟɥ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɟ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɹɧɫɹɞɶɬɟɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɜɲɢɫɶɢɩɨɫɬɭɱɢɬɟɡɭɛɚɦɢɪɚɡɚɡɚɬɟɦɨɞɧɨɝɨɡɚɞɪɭ
ɝɢɦɫɨɛɟɪɢɬɟɜɦɟɫɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɱɬɨɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɸɬɜɜɚɲɟɦɬɟɥɟª
ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɞɟɩɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɥɟɠɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɵ-
ɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɪɭɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ©Ɋɚɫɫɬɟɝɧɢɬɟ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ
ɢ ɪɚɫɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɹɫ ɥɨɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɛɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɤɪɟɩɤɨ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ
ɪɨɬɢɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭɩɪɢɤɪɨɣɬɟɝɥɚɡɚɩɪɢɠɦɢɬɟɤɨɧɱɢɤɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɞɪɚɤɨɧɚɬ ɟɹɡɵɤɚɤɜɟɪɯ
ɧɟɦɭɧɺɛɭɫɨɝɧɢɬɟɨɞɧɭɧɨɝɭɜɤɨɥɟɧɟɢɩɚɥɶɰɵɫɬɨɩɵɜɵɝɧɢɬɟɧɚɫɟɛɹɤɚɤɤɪɸɱɨɤɌɨɝɞɚ
ɢɧɶɢɹɧ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɬɟɥɚ 22 ± ɷɬɨɛɭɞɬɨɫɧɚɪɭɠɢɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɥɭɧɚɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɜɨɟ
ɫɢɹɧɢɟ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɭɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ©ɜɨɧɡɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɟɱª ɬ ɟ ɜɵɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɞɜɚ
ɩɚɥɶɰɚ. ± Ⱥ Ɇ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɪɭɤɭ ɧɚ ©ɜɪɚɬɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª 23 ɠɢɜɨɬ Ⱦɪɭɝɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ©ɜɨɧɡɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɦɟɱɚª ɫɨɝɧɢɬɟ ɜ ɥɨɤɬɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ Ƚɥɚɡɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɶɬɟɧɚɧɨɫɧɨɫ± ɧɚ©ɜɪɚɬɚɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢªɫɨɦɤɧɢɬɟɡɭɛɵɪɚɫɤɪɨɣɬɟ©ɇɟɛɟɫɧɵɟȼɪɚ
ɬɚª 24 ɱɬɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵɧɚɥɛɭ. ± Ⱥ Ɇɢɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ©Ɂɟɦɧɨɣɞɜɨɪª 25.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢ ɜɡɨɪ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɶ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɬɪɢɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɤɚɧɶ ɢ ɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨ
ɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ 26ª
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɵɯɚɧɢɹɞɨɬɚɤɨɣɫɬɟ
ɩɟɧɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɩɨɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ©ɞɵɯɚɧɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɩɚɯɢª ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦ
ɤɚɤɭɫɩɹɳɟɝɨ©ɗɬɨ± ɫɨɡɢɞɚɧɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɇɟɛɨɦɢɁɟɦɥɟɣ
ȼɫɟɷɬɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɜɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɣɡɚɫɬɚɜɟɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɦɟɯɚɦ 27ª

22
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɬɟɥɚ ヵ ɰɹɨ) ± ɩɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɥɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɟɜɹɬɶɸ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ
ɢɥɢ©ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢªɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɢɝɥɚɡɚɭɲɢɧɨɡɞɪɢɪɨɬɹɡɵɤɢɧɢɠɧɢɦɢ©ɝɪɹɡɧɵɦɢªɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɢ± ɚɧɭɫɢɝɟɧɢɬɚ
ɥɢɢ
23
ȼɪɚɬɚɠɢɡɧɢ⭏䮰 ɲɷɧɶɦɷɧɶ) ± ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɠɢɜɨɬɚ
24
ɇɟɛɟɫɧɵɟɜɪɚɬɚཙ䮰 ɬɹɧɶɦɷɧɶ) ± ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɧɚɥɛɭɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɟɪɯɧɟɦɭɞɚɧɶɬɹɧɶɗɬɚɮɪɚɡɚɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭ
ɟɬɫɹɫɮɪɚɡɨɣɢɡ©Ⱦɚɨɞɷɰɡɢɧɚª©Ɇɨɠɧɨɥɢɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɹɢɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɹɇɟɛɟɫɧɵɟɜɪɚɬɚɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɫɚɦɤɢ"ª
ȼɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢɏɷɲɚɧ-ɝɭɧɚɤɷɬɨɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɧɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ©ɇɟɛɟɫɧɵɦɢɜɪɚɬɚɦɢɡɨɜɭɬɉɭɪɩɭɪɧɵɣɞɜɨɪɟɰɇɟɮɪɢɬɨ
ɜɨɝɨɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɸɫɚª
25
ɋɤɨɪɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɨɞ©Ɂɟɦɧɵɦɞɜɨɪɨɦªൠᡨ ɞɢɯɭɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɠɢɜɨɬɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɞɚɧɶɬɹɧɶɎɪɚɡɚ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɫɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɨɣ©ɇɚɇɟɛɟɟɫɬɶɜɪɚɬɚɧɚɡɟɦɥɟɟɫɬɶɞɜɨɪɵª
26
ɌɪɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɄɚɧɶൾ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɟɪɞɰɭɬɪɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɅɢ䴒 ± ɩɨɱɤɚɦɊɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɚɥɯɢɦɢɢ©ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹɨɝɧɹɫɟɪɞɰɚɢɜɨɞɵɩɨɱɟɤª
27
ɗɬɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɚɤɮɪɚɡɚɦɢɡ©Ⱦɚɨɞɷɰɡɢɧɚªɨ©ɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɣɡɚɫɬɚɜɟª⦴䯒ɢ©ɦɟɯɚɦª (೺㊕©ɇɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɥɢ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɇɟɛɨɦ ɢ Ɂɟɦɥɺɣ >ɤɭɡɧɟɱɧɵɦ@ ɦɟɯɚɦ"ª †  Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ೺㊕ ©ɮɭɬɥɹɪ ɞɥɹ
ɮɥɟɣɬªɋɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɚɹɡɚɫɬɚɜɚɢɮɭɬɥɹɪɞɥɹɮɥɟɣɬɵ⦴䯒೺㊕ ɫɸɚɧɶɝɭɚɧɶɧɚɧɸɷ) ± ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɪɟɱɶɢɞɺɬɨɫɢɦɜɨ
ɥɚɯɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɚ
 ɇɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɞɨɫɬɢɱɶɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɸ ©ɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɸɥɢª ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹ ©ɉɭɫɤɚɣ ɬɜɨɢ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ
ɢɞɭɯɜɟɪɧɭɬɫɹɤɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɞɭɯɭª 28.
ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ©ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ
ɧɢɟªɞɨɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɝɨɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɚɦɫɟɛɹɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ©ɋɞɟɥɚɣ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɲ
ɧɟɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢɟɞɢɧɨɟɷɬɨɢɫɬɚɧɟɬɦɟɬɨɞɨɦɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜȾɚɨɄɨɝɞɚɬɜɨɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɞɨɫ
ɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɬɨ ©ɲɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɪɨɜª 29 ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ. ± Ⱥ Ɇ ɫɚɦɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ
ɚɩɹɬɶɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɢɯɢɣɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɨɟɞɢɧɨª
ɗɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɧɚɱɚɥɭ©ɩɥɚɜɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɩɢɥɸɥɢªɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɚɷɬɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɧɚɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɝɥɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ©ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ
ɨɝɧɹª ©ɋɜɟɠɟɫɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɚɪ ± ɷɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɬ ɟ ɫɥɸɧɚ. ± Ⱥ Ɇ ɱɬɨ
ɨɦɵɜɚɟɬɢɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɟɬ©ɤɨɪɟɧɶɞɭɯɨɜªɹɡɵɤ. ± Ⱥ ɆȺɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɱɬɨɤɨɝɞɚɫɨ
ɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɤɚ 30 ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɶɟɬ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɜɢɧɨ 31 ɫɥɸɧɭ. ±
Ⱥ Ɇɜɫɜɨɢɯɫɧɚɯ«ɂɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟɧɚɱɚɥɨɹɧ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɩɨɤɢɧɟɬɬɟɛɹª
ɇɚɷɬɨɦɩɟɪɜɵɣɰɢɤɥɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ± ɟɝɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɥ
ɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɸ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɰɢ, ɰɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɭɯɚ-ɲɷɧ.
ɂɦɟɧɧɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɱɢɫɬɨɬɵɢɩɨɤɨɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɷɬɨ
ɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ©ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɲɶ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɫɧɨɜ ɩɨɦɚɫɫɢɪɭɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɫɟɪɞɰɚɁɚɬɟɦɩɨɬɪɢɝɥɚɡɚ± ɢɬɨɝɞɚɫɟɪɞɰɟɢɬɟɥɨɛɭɞɭɬɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɟɛɹɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɢɛɟɡɡɚ
ɛɨɬɧɨ«Ʉɨɝɞɚɞɭɯɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɩɨɤɨɟɬɨɧɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɧɢɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɣɧɢɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣɚɟɫ
ɥɢ ɢ ɰɢ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɟ ɬɨ ɢ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɟɦɹ-ɰɡɢɧ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɟ ɬɨ
ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬɢɜɫɟɩɨɯɨɬɥɢɜɵɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɉɨɫɥɟɷɬɨɝɨ©ɬɪɢɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯªɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɤɟɞɢɧɨ
ɦɭɚɜɨɫɟɦɶɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɤɫɜɨɟɦɭɢɫɬɨɤɭª 32.
Ɂɞɟɫɶɜɧɨɜɶɡɜɭɱɢɬɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɣɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɣɦɨɬɢɜ©ɢɥɥɸɡɢɢªɜɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢɦɢɪɚɤɚɤɩɨɥ
ɧɨɝɨ ɬɭɩɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɩɭɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ©ɤɚɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯª
©ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ± ɨɧɜɧɟɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɣɚɛɭɞɭɱɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦɨɬɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɧɫɜɨ
ɛɨɞɟɧɢɨɬɝɪɟɡ«Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɟɥɸɞɢɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɸɬɜɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ± ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɷɬɢɦɧɟɬɤɨɧɰɚ
ɂɯ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɠɢɝɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɚ ɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ ɦɢɪɢɚɞɚɦɢ ɤɚɪ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɭɯ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɨɣ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɭ
ɁɚɬɭɦɚɧɟɧɧɵɟɝɪɟɡɹɬɨɧɢɢɞɧɟɦɝɪɟɡɹɬɨɧɢɢɧɨɱɶɸɈɧɢɝɪɟɡɹɬɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɝɪɟ
ɡɹɬɤɨɝɞɚɡɚɫɵɩɚɸɬȾɚɠɟɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟɫɦɟɪɬɢɤɨɝɞɚɢɯɜɪɟɦɹɭɠɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɤɤɨɧɰɭɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɵ
ɨɧɢɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɦɢª
Ɍɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚ©ɝɪɟɡɵªɢ©ɢɥɥɸɡɢɢªɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚɢɡɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɚ± ɞɚɨɫɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɶ
ɬɟɩɟɪɶɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɨɢɬɧɚɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɨɣɩɨɱɜɟ©Ȼɭɞɭɱɢɨɞɧɚɠɞɵɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɷɬɨɬɤɚɪɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɣɰɢɤɥɭɧɢɯɞɚɠɟɧɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɪɜɚɬɶɫɹɢɡɧɟɝɨ«ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɨɛɵɱɧɵɟɥɸɞɢɪɚɞɭɸɬ
ɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɧɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɤɨɬɤɭɞɚɠɟɢɦɡɧɚɬɶɱɬɨɬɚɤɚɹɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ± ɷɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ"ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɨɧɢɦɨ

28
ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣɞɭɯ‫ ⾎ݳ‬ɸɚɧɶɲɷɧɶɜɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɣɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ± ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɭɲɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɥɢɜɥɚɞɵɤɚɇɟɛɟɫ
ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣɜɫɟɦɞɭɯɚɦ
29
ɒɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɪɨɜ ‫ޝ‬䋺 ɥɸ ɰɡɷɣ) ± ɜ ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɟ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɭɲɢ ɧɨɫ ɹɡɵɤ ɬɟɥɨ ɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ-
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɦɢɪɟɢɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɲɟɫɬɶɸɢɧɞɪɢɹɦɢ
30
©ɋɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɚɹɫɚɦɤɚª⦴⢍ ɫɸɚɧɶɩɢɧɶ) ± ɫɢɦɜɨɥɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɫɟɝɨɦɢɪɚɢɫɬɨɤɚɜɫɟɝɨɫɭ
ɳɟɝɨȾɚɨȼɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɨɬɫɢɦɜɨɥɫɨɩɪɹɝɚɥɫɹɫɞɭɯɚɦɢɱɬɨɨɛɢɬɚɸɬɜɞɨɥɢɧɚɯ©Ⱦɭɯɜɞɨɥɢɧɟɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɭɦɢ
ɪɚɟɬɂɡɨɜɟɬɫɹɷɬɨɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɚɦɤɨɣȼɪɚɬɚɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɚɦɤɢɡɨɜɭɬɫɹɤɨɪɧɟɦɇɟɛɚɢɁɟɦɥɢª©Ⱦɚɨɞɷɰɡɢɧª
†
31
ȼɟɫɟɧɧɟɟɜɢɧɨ᱕䞂 ɱɭɧɶɰɡɸ) ± ɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɫɨɛɵɣɫɨɪɬɜɢɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɜɟɫɧɵɞɨɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɯɨɥɨɞɨɜȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɤɨɪɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɸɧɚ
32
©Ɍɪɢɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯªࢀ‫ ݫ‬ɫɚɧɶɸɚɧɶ) ± ɞɭɯ-ɲɷɧɶɫɟɦɹ-ɰɡɢɧɩɧɟɜɦɚ-ɰɢȼɨɫɟɦɶɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ‫ޛ‬㜹 ɛɚɦɚɣ) ± ɜɨ
ɫɟɦɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯɦɟɪɢɞɢɚɧɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɢɡɛɵɬɨɤɤɪɨɜɢ䱣㔤 ɹɧɜɷɣ, 䱤㔤 ɹɧɢɧɶ, 䱣䒫 ɹɧɰɹɨ,
䱤䒫 ɢɧɶɰɹɨ, ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟ-ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɵɣԫ ɠɷɧɶ, ߢ ɱɭɧɡɚɞɧɟ-ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɵɣⶓ ɞɭɨɩɨɹɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ᑖ ɞɚɣ).
ɬɵɥɶɤɚɦ ɱɬɨ ɥɟɬɹɬ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɯɚɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ >ɛɥɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ@
ɨɥɨɜɚɆɨɬɵɥɶɤɢɢɦɭɯɢɞɚɠɟɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɱɬɨɫɚɦɢɠɟɝɭɛɹɬɫɟɛɹª
Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɛɢɞɨ-
ɡɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɣ ©ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɧɢª ɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɩɥɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɦ
ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɜɵɯɨɞɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɜɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɠɟɥɚɧɢɣɱɬɨɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɨɛɵɟɳɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɜ ©ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɢª ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɟ ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ©ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢɨɛɭɡɞɚɬɶɞɟɦɨɧɨɜɫɟɦɟɧɢɚɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶɢɫɬɢɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɹ ɫɟɦɹ-ɰɡɢɧ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɧɟɜɦɭ-ɰɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɹ ɰɢ,
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɜɞɭɯɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɹɞɭɯɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɤɩɭɫɬɨɬɟª
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɢɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɢɥɥɸɡɢɣɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹɤɚɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ©ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɣª ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɫ
ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɝɨɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ©ɑɭɞɟɫɧɨɫɬɶɷɬɨɝɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɞɭɯɩɨɫɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɰɟɧɬɪɟ>ɬɟɛɹ@
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɷɬɨɬɨɦɭɤɚɤɞɜɚɬɢɩɚɰɢ (ɢɧɶ ɢɹɧɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹɜɀɟɥɬɨɦɞɜɨɪɰɟ 33ɚɬɪɢɰɜɟɬɤɚ
ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɟɞɢɧɨɜɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɢ 34 ± ɬɨɝɞɚɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɡɚɪɨ
ɞɵɲ 35 ɂ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɣ ɞɭɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ± ɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɲɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ
ɢɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɜɫɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɲɶɫɹɟɞɢɧɫȾɚɨª
ȼɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɢɫɬɟɦɭɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɵɡɵ
ɜɚɬɶɜɭɠɟɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɧɨɦɢɨɩɭɫɬɨɲɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɗɬɨɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɟɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯ
ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɫɜɨɢɯɜɢɞɟɧɢɣɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɨɫɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɨɞɧɨɢɡɬɚɤɢɯɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
Ɇɚɨɋɸɚɧɶɯɚɧɶɨɛɭɤɪɨɳɟɧɢɢɞɪɚɤɨɧɚɢɬɢɝɪɚ
ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɰɢɱɬɨɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɟɪɞɰɟɞɪɚɤɨɧɨɦɡɨɜɭɬ
ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɫɟɦɹ-ɰɡɢɧɱɬɨɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɬɟɥɟɬɢɝɪɨɦɡɨɜɭɬ
ȿɫɥɢɬɜɨɹɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
Ɍɨɞɪɚɤɨɧɜɟɪɧɟɬɫɹɜɜɨɞɭ
ȿɫɥɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɬɜɨɢɭɫɩɨɤɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
Ɍɨɬɢɝɪɭɤɪɨɟɬɫɹɜɝɨɪɚɯ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɷɬɢɞɜɨɟɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɫɹɢɩɪɢɞɭɬɜɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɸ
ɂɦɹɬɜɨɟɛɭɞɟɬɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɨɜɫɩɢɫɤɢȻɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɯ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɜɫɟɫɬɢɯɢɬɚɤɢɥɢɢɧɚɱɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɹɦɢɬɨɟɫɬɶɧɟɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɥɢɲɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɟɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɥɢ©ɩɪɚɡɞɧɵɦɨɬɞɨɯ
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦªɱɬɨɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɰɟɥɶɸ©ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɫɧɨɜªɑɷɧɶɌɭɚɧɹ

ɆɟɬɨɞȻɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɹ©ɋɨɧɛɟɡɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣª

ȿɫɥɢɞɜɚɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ  ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɨ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ
©Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɩɢɥɸɥɢª ɐɡɢɧɶɞɚɧɶ-ɩɚɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ Ȼɚɣ ɘɣɱɚɧɶ ⲭ⦹㸮, 1194±  ɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɫɨɧ
ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɄɚɤɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣɦɟɬɨɞɫɧɚ ± ɢɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɥɸɛɵɯɫɧɨɜɢɞɟ
ɧɢɣɢɥɢɝɪɟɡɋɜɨɣɦɟɬɨɞȻɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɶɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɜɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɦɟɦɭ>Anderl, Eifring, 2006,
ɪ. 195±@ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɟ©Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɝɪɟɡɚɯªɢɥɢ©Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɯªདྷ䃜 Ɇɷɧ-
ɲɨ) ± ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬ ©ɏɭɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶ ɰɡɢª ±

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Ⱦɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɰɢ (Ҽ≓) ± ɹɧ-ɰɢ ɢ ɢɧɶ-ɰɢ ©ɀɟɥɬɵɣ ɞɜɨɪɟɰª 哴ᓝ) ± ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ
ɢɥɢɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɬɟɥɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹɠɢɜɨɬɫɟɪɞɰɟɢɫɟɥɟɡɟɧɤɭ± ɦɟɫɬɨ©ɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹªɞɜɭɯɧɚɱɚɥɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ
ɜɭɸɳɢɯɬɪɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɤɚɧɶ ɢɥɢɝɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɡɚɪɨɞɵɲ㚆㛾).
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©ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟª‫ݳ‬ヵ ɸɚɧɶɰɹɨ) ± ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɦɟɠɞɭɛɪɨɜɹɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
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Ɍɪɢɰɜɟɬɤɚй㨟ɞɭɯ-ɲɷɧɶɩɧɟɜɦɚ-ɰɢ ɢɫɟɦɹ-ɰɡɢɧ.
©ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɨɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɤɢɫɬɢɧɟªɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɶɸ©Ⱦɚɨɰɡɚɧɚª
ɰɡ 1074) 36.
Ȼɚɣ ɘɣɱɚɧɶ ɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɫɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɢɦɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚȿɝɨɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɫɧɚɢɨɛɪɚɡɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɧɟɦɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
Ʉɚɤ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ Ȼɚɣ ɘɣɱɚɧɶ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ©ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɰɢª Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɠɟ
ɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ-ɯɭɧɶ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ-ɩɨ:
©Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɹɧ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɢɧɶ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ-ɯɭɧɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɟɦɧɵɟ
ɞɭɲɢ-ɩɨ ɞɭɯ ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɦɢ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɢɧɶ
ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚɞɹɧɬɨɝɞɚɬɟɦɧɵɟɞɭɲɢ-ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɜɟɬɥɵɟɞɭɲɢ-ɯɭɧɶɚɞɭɯɨɤɚɡɵ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɭɬɧɟɧ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɵ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚ
ɟɲɶɫɹɜɫɦɹɬɟɧɢɟɢɯɚɨɫ± ɬɟɦɧɵɨɧɢɢɛɟɫɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɵª
Ȼɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɶɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɤɪɚɧɧɟɦɭɦɨɬɢɜɭɫɧɚɤɚɤɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɜɟɪɯɬɟɥɟɫɧɨ
ɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɞɟɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɧɚɯ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɚɤɞɟɥɚɥɢɒɷɧɶ-ɧɭɧɏɭɚɧ-ɞɢɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵɄɨɧɮɭɰɢɣ± ©ɢɯɞɭɯɹɧ ɫɢɹɥɧɚɞ
ɦɚɫɫɨɣɢɧɶ 37ɨɫɥɟɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɹɪɤɢɣɢɧɟɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɱɢɫɬɵɣɂɩɭɫɤɚɣɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢɨɧɢɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɧɨɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɥɢɨɧɢɜɧɟɷɬɢɯɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣ± ɷɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɬɚɣɧɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɚª.
Ȼɚɣ ɘɣɱɚɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɩɹɬɶ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɩɚ
ɞɚɸɬɫɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ©ɩɹɬɢɤɨɪɧɟɣªӄṩ ɭɝɷɧɶɜɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɟ©Ⱦɧɟɦɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣɞɭɯɩɪɟɛɵ
ɜɚɟɬɜɝɨɥɨɜɟɄɨɝɞɚɝɥɚɡɚɚɥɱɧɵɚɜɡɨɪɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɚɩɨɯɨɬɥɢɜɨɟɬɨɢɞɭɯɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɯɨ
ɬɶɸɗɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɝɪɟɡɵɱɬɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬɱɟɪɟɡɝɥɚɡɚɄɨɝɞɚɭɲɢɚɥɱɧɵɚɫɥɭɯɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɥɢɲɶ
>ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ@ɡɜɭɤɢɬɨɢɞɭɯɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬɫɹɷɬɢɦɢɡɜɭɤɚɦɢɗɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɝɪɟɡɵɱɬɨɩɪɨɧɢ
ɤɚɸɬɱɟɪɟɡɭɲɢɄɨɝɞɚɧɨɫɚɥɱɟɧɢɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɚɪɨɦɚɬɚɦɢɬɨɢɞɭɯɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɚɪɨɦɚɬɚɦɢɗɬɨ
ɢɟɫɬɶɝɪɟɡɵɱɬɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬɱɟɪɟɡɧɨɫȿɫɥɢɪɨɬɚɥɱɟɧɢɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɜɤɭɫɚɦɢɬɨɞɭɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦɢɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢɗɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɝɪɟɡɵɱɬɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬɱɟɪɟɡɪɨɬª
ɍɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɧɨɱɶɸɝɪɟɡɵɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢɢɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɨɡ
ɧɚɧɢɟ©ȼɧɨɱɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɞɭɯɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɟɪɞɰɟɄɚɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɡɚɫɵɩɚ
ɟɬ ɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ-ɩɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɧɶ ɨɤɭɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ-ɯɭɧɶ ɢ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɫɭɦɪɚɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɦɭɬɧɵɦɢ Ɍɵ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɢɲɶ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɭɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɲɶ
ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢɬɵɡɚɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɨɡɚɦɢɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɥɥɸɡɢɣᘥᒫɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɞɚɠɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɹɝɥɚɡɚ
ɬɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɲɶ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɫɧɚɯ ɂ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɦɵɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɬɵ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɲɶ ɝɪɟ
ɡɢɬɶª
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɧ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɟɧ ɥɢ
ɷɬɨɬɫɨɧɢɥɢɷɬɨɥɢɲɶɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹɫɧɚɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ± ɢɬɨɢɞɪɭ
ɝɨɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɥɢɲɶɩɫɟɜɞɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɨ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ± ɫɨɧɨɩɚɫɟɧ ɤɚɤɢɥɸɛɨɟɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɈɧɢɫɬɨɳɚɟɬɫɟɛɹ©Ʉɨɝɞɚɞɭɲɚɬɜɨɹ
ɧɟɨɱɢɳɟɧɚɞɭɯɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɧɭɬɪɢɨɛɢɬɟɥɢɩɪɢɫɨɥɧɰɟɨɧɛɭɞɟɬɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧ
ɩɪɢɥɭɧɟ± ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɋɟɦɹ-ɰɡɢɧ ɢɞɭɯ-ɲɷɧɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹɢɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɚɫɚɦ>ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ@ɩɨ
ɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɲɟɫɬɶɫɮɟɪɩɟɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɣ 38 ɢɜɯɨɞɢɬɜɱɟɪɬɨɝɢɫɧɨɜɢɢɥɥɸɡɢɣɗɬɨɬɨɱɬɨ
ɥɸɞɢɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ©ɤɨɪɧɟɦɠɢɡɧɢɢɫɦɟɪɬɢªɄɨɝɞɚɥɢɲɶɨɞɧɚɦɵɫɥɶɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɧɨɜɢ
ɞɟɧɢɹɢɝɪɟɡɵɬɨɨɧɚɢɟɫɬɶɤɨɪɟɧɶɠɢɡɧɢɢɫɦɟɪɬɢª

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Ɇɷɧɲɨ©Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɝɪɟɡɚɯªདྷ䃜) ɜ©ɏɭɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶɰɡɢª©ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɨɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɤɢɫɬɢɧɟª 䚴ⵏ䳶) //
China text project. URL: https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=380264#ໂ㘺. ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
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Ɇɚɫɫɚɢɧɶ (ɰɸɧɶɢɧɶ) ± ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɥɸɛɵɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɢɧɶɗɬɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ©Ʌɸɣɳɢ ɱɭɧɰɸª ± ©ȼɟɫɧɵ ɢ ɨɫɟɧɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɢɧɚ Ʌɸɹª ɨɤ ,,, ɜ ɞɨ ɧ ɷ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ©ɐɡɢɧ ɬɭɧª ±
©Ɍɨɧɱɚɣɲɟɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟªɝɞɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨ©ɥɭɧɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɜɫɟɣɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɧɶªChina text project. URL:
https://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu/jing-tong/zh (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 12.03.2020).
38
ɒɟɫɬɶɫɮɟɪɩɟɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɣ‫ޝ‬䏓 ɥɸɰɸ) ± ɜɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɟɲɟɫɬɶɤɪɭɝɨɜɝɚɬɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɣɤɪɭɝɢɚɞɚɝɨ
ɥɨɞɧɵɯɞɭɯɨɜɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɞɟɦɨɧɨɜɚɫɭɪɨɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɟɛɟɫɧɨɝɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
 Ȼɚɣ ɘɣɱɚɧɶ ɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɭɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɣ ɑɷɧɶ Ɍɭɚɧɹ ± ɫɨɧ ɛɟɡ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟ-
ɧɢɣ❑དྷ©ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɱɬɨɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɜɟɥɢɤɢɦɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɦɢɧɟɢɦɟɟɬɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣɑɬɨɞɧɟɦ
ɱɬɨɧɨɱɶɸɨɧɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɨɬɬɪɟɜɨɝ«>ȿɫɥɢɬɜɨɣɞɭɯ@ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɢɧɶ ɢɹɧɨɬɤɭɞɚ
ɠɟɜɡɹɬɶɫɹɫɧɚɦ"ª
Ʉɚɤɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɷɬɨɝɨ± ɫɧɚɛɟɡɝɪɟɡɫɧɚɜɩɭɫɬɨɬɟ"Ɍɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɧɢɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ± ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶɫɜɨɣ
ɫɨɧ©ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɱɬɨɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬȾɚɨɟɫɥɢɫɦɨɠɟɬɜɨɫɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɶɱɬɨɷɬɨɥɢɲɶɫɨɧɫɬɚɧɟɬɟɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦȼɵɯɨɞɢɬɨɧɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɵɠɢɡɧɢɢɫɦɟɪɬɢɢɛɨɥɟɟɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɨɤɪɵɬɞɚɠɟɧɚ
ɱɚɥɚɦɢɢɧɶ ɢɹɧɂɡɭɱɢɜɲɢɣɷɬɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟª
ɄɚɤɜɢɞɢɦɦɟɬɨɞȻɚɣɘɣɱɚɧɹɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɧɨ
ɭɠɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɚɩɨɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɭɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨɛɟɫɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɋɨɧɜɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɟɩɨɫɥɟ;ɜɫɬɚɥɩɭɫɬɶɧɟɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɧɨɜɟɫɶɦɚɜɚɠɧɵɦɦɟɬɨɞɨɦɚɥɯɢɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɩɨɫɭɬɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣɢɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜȼɷɬɨɦɩɥɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨ©ɫɧɟªɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɛɨɤɢ ɋɨɧ ɧɟ
ɢɦɟɥ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɭɸɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɩɨɥɭɫɨɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɄɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɞɭɯɚ-ɲɷɧɶ ɞɚɠɟɧɚɞɧɨɱɧɵɦɢɜɢɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɞɚɨɫɚɞɧɟɦɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɡɚɫɱɟɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɦɚɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɫɨɧɢɹɜɶɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɟɞɢɧɵɣɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɵɣɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɭɦɚɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɵɟ©ɩɨɯɨɬɥɢɜɵɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɹªɢɡɝɨɧɹɥɢɫɶɢɡɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɗɬɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ©ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦªɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢ
ɟɦɪɚɧɧɢɯɞɚɨɫɫɤɢɯɢɞɟɣɨɫɧɟɤɚɤ©ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɢªɨɛ©ɭɬɪɚɬɟɬɟɥɚªɈɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ
ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬ ©ɫɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɫɧɨɜɢɞɟɧɢɣª Ȼɚɣ ɘɣɱɚɧɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ©ɢɝɪɵ
ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦɢª ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɞɚɨɢɧɶ ɑɷɧɶ Ɍɭɚɧɹ ɞɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɞɧɟɜɧɵɯ ɛɨɞɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ
ɐɸɚɧɶɱɠɷɧɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ©ɥɢɲɶ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɢɲɶª ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɲɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɟɥɚɈɞɧɚɤɨɜɫɟɷɬɨɛɵɥɨɱɚɫɬɶɸɨɛɳɟɣɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɢɝɥɚɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɡɚ
ɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɧɨɦ ɢ ɹɜɶɸ ɞɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ©ɷɝɨª ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɟɥɚ©ɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚªɌɟɯɧɢɤɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɫɧɚɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɜɨɬɪɵɜɟɨɬɨɛɳɟɣɚɥɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɢɛɵɥɚɫɤɨɪɟɟɟɟɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢ
ɟɦɱɟɦɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɋɚɦɩɨɫɟɛɟɫɨɧɬ ɟɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɜɦɢɪɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɢɫɥɟɞɨɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɷɬɨɬɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɫɹɜɫɜɨɸɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ± ɩɨ
ɯɨɠɭɸ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ± ɜ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɜ©ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɝɨª

ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

Ɇɚɥɹɜɢɧȼ ȼ. ɑɠɭɚɧ-ɰɡɵɆɆɵɫɥɶɫ
Ɇɚɫɥɨɜ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɹɧɹ //
ȼɟɫɬɧ. ɇȽɍ ɋɟɪ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹ  Ɍ  ʋ  ȼɨɫɬɨɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɋ 9±24.
DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-4-9-24
Anderl ɋ Eifring H., (eds.) Studies in Chinese Language and Culture: Festschrift in Honour
of Christoph Harbsmeier on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday. Oslo: Hermes Academic Pub-
lishing, 2006. Ɋ. 195±207.
Despeux C., Kohn L. Women in Daoism. Cambridge, MA: Three Pines Press, 2003. 296 p.
Despeux ɋ. Taoism and Self Knowledge. Leiden: Brill, 2018. 312 p.
Goossaert V. 3RqPHVWDRwVWHVGHVFLQTYHLOOHVeWXGHV&KLQRLVHV$VVRFLDWLRQIUDQoDLVHG¶pWXGHV
chinoises, 2000. Vol. XIX, no. 1±2. P. 249±270.
Holecek A. Dream Yoga: Illuminating your life through lucid dreaming and Tibetan yogas of sleep.
Boulder CO, 2016. 352 p.
May B., Wang M. and Tomoda T. The life of Ma Dan Yang // Journal of the Australian Chinese
Medicine Education and Research Council. 1999. Vol. 4, no. 6. P. 12±16.
Norbu N. Dream Yoga and the Practice of Natural Light. [Ithaca, NY]: Snow Lion Publications,
2002. 167 p.
Waggoner R., McCready C. Lucid Dreaming, Plain and Simple: Tips and techniques for insight,
creativity, and personal growth. San Francisco: Conari Press, 2015. 224 p.
Ⱦɚɨɰɡɹ ɰɡɢɧɶɲɢ ɥɸɷ / ɑɷɧɶ ɸɚɧɶ ɛɹɧɶɰɡɭɚɧɶ, ɱɷɧɶ ɱɠɢɱɚɨ, ɰɡɷɧ ɰɢɧɴɢɧ [䚃ᇦ䠁⸣⮕ / 䱸ී
㕆㒲ˈ䲣Ც䎵ǃᴮឦ⪋ṑ㺕]. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɨɫɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɢɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ  ɋɨɫɬ ɑɷɧɶ ɘɚɧɶ ɞɨɩ
ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɑɷɧɶ ɑɠɢɱɚɨ ɐɡɷɧ ɐɢɧɴɢɧ ɰɡɹɨɛɭ ɉɟɤɢɧ ȼɷɧɶɭ ɱɭɛɚɧɶɲɷ   ɫ
ɧɚɤɢɬɹɡ
©Ʌɸɣɰɡɭ ɰɸɚɧɶɲɭªɥɸɳɢɫɵɰɡɸɚɧɶɌɚɧɥɸɣɹɧɶɫɸɚɧɶɰɢɧɳɚɨɱɠɢɥɢɧɶɰɡɢɰɡɢ>lj੅
⾆‫ޘ‬ҖNJ‫ॱޝ‬ഋধ / ୀ੅ᎃ᫠ˈ␵䛥ᘇ⩣䳶䗁ˈҮ䲶ഋॱᒤ↖᷇⦻∿࠺ᵜ@ɉɨɥɧɨɟɫɨɛ
ɪɚɧɢɢɤɧɢɝɉɪɟɞɤɚɅɸɣ>Ⱦɭɧɛɢɧɹ@ɜɰɡɸɚɧɹɯ / ɋɨɡɞɚɧɨɅɸɣəɧɟɦɞɢɧɌɚɧɫɨɫɬ
ɒɚɨ ɑɠɢɥɢɧɟɦɞɢɧɐɢɧɂɡɞ-ɜɨɍɥɢɧɶɝ-ɧɚȼɚɧɚ>ȼɚɧɅɸɣɰɡɟ@ɪɟɩɪɢɧɬɧɨɟɢɡ
ɞɚɧɢɟcɧɚɤɢɬɹɡ
ɑɠɭɧɯɭɚ ɞɚɨɰɡɹɨ ɞɚ ɰɵɞɹɧɶ [ѝ㨟䚃ᮉབྷ䗝ި / 㜑ᆊ⩋ѫ㐘]. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɚɨɫɢɡɦɚ  ɋɨɫɬ ɏɭ Ɏɭɱɷɧɶ ɉɟɤɢɧ ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɭɤ   c.
(ɧɚ ɤɢɬ. ɹɡ.)

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ing, 2006, pp. 195±207.
Despeux ɋ. Taoism and Self Knowledge. Leiden, Brill, 2018. 312 p.
Despeux C., Kohn L. Women in Daoism. Cambridge, MA, Three Pines Press, 2003. 296 p.
Goossaert V. 3RqPHV WDRwVWHV GHV FLQT YHLOOHV eWXGHV &KLQRLVHV $VVRFLDWLRQ IUDQoDLVH G¶pWXGHV
chinoises, 2000, 19 (1±2), pp. 249±270.
Holecek A. Dream Yoga: Illuminating your life through lucid dreaming and Tibetan yogas of sleep.
Boulder CO, Sounds True, 2016. 352 p.
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DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-4-9-24
May B., Wang M., Tomoda T. The life of Ma Dan Yang. Journal of the Australian Chinese Medi-
cine Education and Research Council, 1999, 4 (6), pp. 12±16.
Norbu N. Dream Yoga and the Practice of Natural Light. [Ithaca, NY], Snow Lion, 2002. 167 p.
Waggoner R., McCready C. Lucid Dreaming, Plain and Simple: Tips and techniques for insight,
creativity, and personal growth. San Francisco, Conari Press, 2015. 224 p.
'DRMLDMLQVKLOHChen yuan bianzuan, chen zhichao, zeng qingying jiaobu [䚃ᇦ䠁⸣⮕ / 䱸ී㕆
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ୀ੅ᎃ᫠ˈ␵䛥ᘇ⩣䳶䗁ˈҮ䲶ഋॱᒤ↖᷇⦻∿࠺ᵜ]. The Complete Collection of Books
RIWKH$QFHVWRURI/ [Dongbin] in 64 juans. &UHDWHGE\/<DQ7DQJG\QDVW\Fompiled by
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 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ

ȺɥɟɤɫɟɣȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ Ɇɚɫɥɨɜɞɨɤɬɨɪɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ

Information about the Author

Alexey A. Maslov, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor

ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚɜɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ;
ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɚɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɤɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ
The article was submitted 30.08.2021;
approved after reviewing 22.09.2021; accepted for publication 08.10.2021