Course : Ed.D.

-Educational Management 4

Discuss comprehensively the following:

1. Educational leadership involves working with and guiding

teachers toward improving educational processes in
educational institutions. Leadership is therefore about how
leaders combine and blend these areas in addressing the
present problems of the Philippine Educational System. As
future administrator, how are you going to respond to the
following particular organizational circumstances and
challenges you may face and encounter over time:

1.1 Deteriorating quality of education.

In addressing the deterioration of quality of education,

first we have to recognize that theirs is a problem in
quality of education, through this we can create a concrete
plan to improve the quality of education. We understand that
a well-designed educational programs with monitoring and
evaluation system will give us security to achieve our
desired goal.

1.2 Colonial, feudal, imperial, commercial, and

elitist orientation in Philippine Education;

According to Decena (2014) colonial mentality is defined as

the perception of ethnic and cultural inferiority and a form
of internalized racial oppression. It is deemed a direct
consequence of the Philippines' long history of colonialism.

To change the perception of our learners in the so-called

ethnic and cultural inferiority of our country, we have to
create a program that will promote a deep cultural and
traditional appreciation. One way is magnifying the Buwan ng
Wika. Creating a school-program that will features the
awesomeness of authentic Filipino culture and traditions.
Also, we can insert topics in every subjects, especially
Filipino, Araling Panlipunan and Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao
that will highlights the amazing things in our culture.
Through this, learners will have a deep a appreciation in
our customs and values that will give them a notion that our
culture is also marvelous same as other culture of other
countries.

1.3 Shortage of school buildings, textbooks, and

equipment;

In the shortage of school buildings;

Since school budget is not enough to make a new school

building, our best option would be splitting classrooms into
two and employing double shifting of classes. And also, we
make use of all the available rooms, we will prioritize the
use of rooms as classrooms and instructional rooms.

In the shortage textbooks, and equipment;

The school need to strengthen its partnership with the local

government and private sector, through this we can solve the
textbooks shortage and equipment. Because we understand that
the schools and community partnership will benefit everyone.
It can strengthen and support insufficiency in the school
learning materials, resulting a quality in school-
educational program, more efficient use of resources, and
better alignment of goals and curricula

1.4 Overworked and underpaid teaching staff;

In our point of view, overworked and underpaid teaching

staff is a result of much bigger problem in the Department
of Education, even we want to hire more teachers to fill the
gaps of the teachers shortages, budget will be a problem. To
solve this, we need a strict distributions of workloads, it
should be distributed equally to the teachers. Task and
duties of the Head Teachers and Masters Teachers should not
be given to the Teacher I, through this we can lessen their
managerial works. And also, not to mention, School
Administrator should learn to recognize and appreciate the
achievements their teachers. It is an essential component to
building a motivated, high-performing teachers that will
give their hearts and minds, that can bring out the best in
a person and encourage them to work harder and smarter.

1.5 Bilingual policy and the problem of a national

language;
The Policy on Bilingual Education aims at the achievement of
competence in both Filipino and English at the national
level, through the teaching of both languages and their use
as media of instruction at all levels. This skills is
critically important to learners to be successful in
today's world. A bilingual learners are not only equips in
language skills but also understand social skills needed to
work with others from varying cultures and backgrounds.
Which give them ability to be more perceptive of others, to
be more empathetic and to communicate more effectively. With
this, it is imperative to improve the Bilingual policy,
through understanding of the implementation process and
implementation outcome by using the result of the several
researches to redesign policies so they can do their work
better.

1.6 Mismatch;

According to International Labor Organization (2020) skills

mismatch is a discrepancy between the skills that are sought
by employers and the skills that are possessed by
individuals. Simply put, it is a mismatch between skills and
jobs. This means that education and training are not
providing the skills demanded in the labor market, or that
the economy does not create jobs that correspond to the
skills of individuals. One way to solve job mismatch in the
country is through intensifying our effort in partnership
with the private sector – with this we can provide the
essential skills needed by learners to that correspond to
the skills demanded in the labor market. As stated by
Philippine News Agency (2020) This will help our faculty
and learners understand the different industries — their
needs and challenges — and possibly adapt to the future
skills requirements as well as close the gaps in the
industry value chains to achieve our shared objectives of
industry development for quality employment of our
graduates.

1.7 Globalization issue in Education.

According to Group Discussion Ideas (2021) Globalization has

helped many countries in improving their education systems
and literacy rates. However, not everyone could benefit from
the impact of globalization on education. Education
inequalities must be bridged between Rich-poor & urban-rural
 areas so that everyone can utilize the opportunities created
by globalization. To solve this issue, School administrator
need to intensify the support and align its school policy in
Education for All (EFA) initiative, with this it will remove
all hurdles limiting access to and delivery of basic
education, whether regulatory, structural, financial or
institutional.

2. Educational Planning is one of the most important functions

of management in academic institutions, both public and private.
You can see how much you have progressed towards your objectives
and how far you are from your destination. As future
administrator, discuss the following process of planning to
ensure success in school administration and supervision:

2.1 Analysis of Opportunities;

According to Kenton (2022) opportunities refer to favorable

external factors that could give an organization a
competitive advantage. Through Analysis of Opportunities we
can identify opportunities and challenges – both internal
and external in our organization and service. Also we use
it to define the scope of a problem. It is an advantage to
work out the best course of action and move forward without
wasting our efforts, knowledge and resources by repeating
things or making false moves.

2.2 Identifying the Aim of the Plan;

Aims are statements of intent written in broad terms,

describing what the organization wants to achieve and where
it wants to be in the future (Clark, 2021). To obtain
results, we need to articulate the outcomes we desire. Aims
help us to define where we want to be strategically and how
we are going to get there in practice. It allows an
organization to be identified and communicate clearly.
Analyzing aims is extremely important is a proactive stance
on the part of the organizational leaders, It helps you to
understand the resources you need, and it helps you to
navigate toward a successful project end within a reasonable
time frame.
 2.3 Exploring Options;

Explore in this context is synonymous with investigate or

consider. Exploring one’s options means to see what other
choices are available in a given situation. Exploring
options is looking for other choices when making a decision.
If you didn't explore your options, then you settled on a
plan before you checked out other possibilities. In an
organization, decision-making is a serious matter, its
outcome will affect its performance and direction, exploring
options helps the organizational leaders to find solutions
to problems by looking the different options available and
selecting the best alternative out of them.

2.4 Selecting the Best Option;

A well-crafted decision helps an organization move in the

right direction and systematizing how these decisions are
made can ensure that the choices made are the best ones for
the group. By systematizing the way an organization make
decisions will ensure that each selection will be the best
one possible. Members of an organization will appreciate a
systematic, fair way of making decisions, and the
organization will benefit more thoroughly from their
expertise.

2.5 Detailed Planning;

The education system meets all different kind of hindrances,

so planning becomes even more important. It secure an
institution’s success, it eliminates the trial-and-error
procedure, reduces the chances of collapse and guarantees
success. It offers intelligent direction for action.

2.6 Evaluation of the Plan and its Impact;

Evaluation is the periodic, retrospective assessment of an

organization, project or program that might be conducted
internally or by external independent evaluators. It is made
to find out the progress of the system. Through this, we can
 find out whether the system is progressing normally or as
expected. If anything, abnormal is discovered, steps may be
taken to rectify the system before the system becomes out of
control.

2.7 Implementing Change;

Change Management is the application of a structured process

and a set of tools for leading people of the organization
through change to achieve a desired outcome. It is about
getting rid of old outdated habits and introducing the
needed one, including the necessity of introducing new
technology and methodology to help an organization grow and
thrive. Furthermore, it aims to ensure competitiveness of
the organization.

2.8 Closing the Plan.

A closing plan is a document that defines the steps to move

an opportunity from its current state to a closed-won stage.
It is a discipline addressing how to complete a project in a
certain timeframe, usually with defined stages and
designated resources. The benefit of this closing plan is it
will give everyone a clear line of sight on how the deal is
progressing, allowing for better sales forecasting and risk
mitigation for any deal going off track.

3. Discuss the importance of the following in Educational

Planning for Quality Education:

3.1 Systems Approach to Educational Planning;

It is a combination of things or parts forming a complex

whole. It is a management tool that allows individuals to
examine all aspects of the problem, to inter-relate the
effects of one set of decisions ensure a coherent and well-
running structure. Through systems approach in Education,
teachers understand the basic teaching process, clarifies
objective and means, enhances efficiency in guidance
process, learning experiences can be provided properly and
it helps to make educational instruction more effective.
 3.2 Centralized and Decentralized Educational
Planning;

In an organization, decision making can be Centralization or

Decentralization. In centralization it is a hierarchy of
formal authority for making all the important decision for
the organization. The decision-making powers are retained in
the head office, and all other offices receive commands from
the main office. Its advantages can be uniformity of
procedures and policies, Also, it can help in the
elimination of overlapping or duplicate activities and save
costs. Thirdly, offers a better control over the activities
of the organization. While in decentralization, decision
making is left for the lower level of organization. Its
Advantages are the following; there is less burden on the
Chief Executive as in the case of centralization,
diversification and horizontal can be easily implanted.
Through this, it helps low-level staff to learn leadership
skills that can contribute to the long-term growth of the
business.

3.3 People Empowered Educational Planning;

People Empowered Educational Planning is method that aims to

engage and involve the people in the strategic and design
process of a project. It enhances the quality of the project
by taking into consideration the insights of the children,
who will eventually be the users of the space. Furthermore,
the practice of genuine participation, creates stronger ties
between the greater stakeholder and its organizations.

3.4 Planning for Manpower Development;

The objective manpower development is to provide a framework

for teachers to develop their competencies necessary for
individual and organizational efficiency and productivity as
well as career growth. It is typically a part of the
organization's human resource strategy and aims to maximize
teachers potential so as to attain strategic institutional
 objectives. Also, development programs are designed to
ensure teachers acquire pertinent skills and qualities
required to work in higher levels. Systematic training
programs also place the organization in a unique position to
confront the growing and changing needs of manpower,
technology and diversification of institutional activities.

3.5 Institutional Educational Planning.

Institutional plan is a program of development by an
educational institution on the basis of its felt needs and
the resource available. It is based in the principal of
optimum utilization of the resources available in the school
and the community. The plan may be for a longer duration or
a shorter duration. It is essential because it makes sure an
institution’s success. It considers the significant issues,
constraints, conditions, and factors of education. It
eliminates the trial-and-error procedure and Lastly, reduces
the chances of collapse and guarantees success.

References

Decena, Ashley M. (2014)

Identity, colonial mentality, and decolonizing the mind :
exploring narratives and examining mental health implications for
Filipino Americans
Retrieved from https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/769/

Clark, Paul (2021) Business Management HL

Retrieved from
https://guide.fariaedu.com/business-management-hl/unit-1-
business-organisation-and-environment/1.3-organisational-
objectives/aims-objectives-strategies-and-tactics-and-their-
relationships-ao3

International Labor Organization (01 April 2020) What is skills

mismatch and why should we care?
https://www.ilo.org/skills/Whatsnew/WCMS_740388/lang--en/
index.htm
Kenton, Will (May 28, 2022) Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and
Threat (SWOT) Analysis
Retrieved from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/swot.asp

Philippine News Agency (July 19, 2022) Schools to help solve job
mismatch
Retrieved from
https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/02/business/top-business/
schools-to-help-solve-job-mismatch/1838541

Team GD Ideas (Sep 7, 2021) Impact of globalization on education

Retrieved from
https://www.groupdiscussionideas.com/impact-of-globalization-on-
education/