Questions & Answers

- Radiographic Testing (RT) Level - 1 - 2 - 3

by Edward A. Ginzel *
Acknowledgement:
Materials Research Institute Canada are thanked for permission to use their
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Level Question [Ref]

2
Most modern x-ray units (post 1980's) utilize _____ circuits to
1 [AGFA]
provide smooth high voltage supplies to the x-ray tube.
a) diode
b) triode
c) Villard
d) thyristor-based
In a betatron, electrons complete _____ prior to being deflected at a
2 [AGFA]
target.
a) 1 revolution
b) several dozen of revolutions
c) tens of thousands of revolutions
d) hundreds of thousand revolutions
In the Van de Graff generator, electrons from the primary electrode
3 [AGFA]
are transferred to the high tension electrode via
a) a conveyor belt
b) alternating electro-magnetic fields
c) 1 MeV potential
d) osmotic action
Direct-fluoroscopy, ie. via a mirror or through radiation absorbing
4 [AGFA]
glass is suitable for
a) thin and or non-metallic specimens
b) thick metals
c) lead based ceramics
d) none of the above
X-ray television fluoroscopic images of quality equal to film
5 [AGFA]
radiography are possible using
a) x-ray diffraction
b) filtered x-rays
c) digitizing and computerized image enhancements
d) ultra-fine zinc silicate output phosphors
In order to check for possible leakage of radioactive material from a
6 [ASNT]
cobalt camera the _________ is used.
a) TLD
b) wipe test
c) G-M counter
d) DRD
A radiation detector that indicates the total amount of ionizing
7 [ASNT]
radiation received in an area over a period of time is a(n)
a) proportional counter
b) rate-meter
c) integrating radiation detection instrument
d) Geiger-counter
8 Most thermoluminescence systems use ____ crystals. [ASNT]
a) silver bromide
b) ferrous sulphate
c) lithium fluoride
d) zinc sulphide
9 Neutrons are classified according to their [ASNT]
a) mass
b) charge
c) spin
d) energy
10 Which mechanisms are used to detect neutrons? [ASNT]
a) (n,�) (n,p)
b) (n,d) (n,f)
c) (n,�)
d) all of the above can be used
The first detectable clinical effects of whole body gamma doses
11 [Burnham]
would not be seen until exposures of about
a) 30�Gy
b) 30 mGy
c) 300 mGy
d) 3000 mGy
The so called "sensitive period" during a woman's pregnancy when
12 [Burnham]
the fetus is most sensitive to radiation induced abnormalities is
a) the first ten days after conception
b) ten days to six weeks after conception
c) six weeks to three months after conception
d) three months until birth
13 A small dose of x-radiation received by a pregnant woman will [Burnham]
a) result in fetal death
b) cause brain damage in the fetus
c) increase chances of birth defects
d) none of the above
Which somatic effect of radiation is likely to be considered to have
14 [Burnham]
a threshold (non-stochastic)?
a) cancer
b) erythema (skin reddening)
c) serious hereditary ill-health
d) leukemia
Which somatic effect of radiation is likely to be considered to have
15 [Burnham]
no threshold (stochastic)
a) cataract formation
b) erythema (skin reddening)
c) benign tumor formation
d) none of the above
When an unstable isotope experiences � decay, the number of
16 [Friedlander]
neutrons
a) increases by 1
b) decreases by 1
c) increases by 2
d) remains the same
An isotope has a 12.4 hour half life. If it has an activity of 30mCi at
17 [Friedlander]
noon today, what was its activity at 3 p.m. yesterday?
a) 110 mCi
b) 102 mCi
c) 97 mCi
d) 88 mCi
Sr-85 has a 64 day half life. If a sample is presently 200 MBq what
18 [Friedlander]
was its activity 100 days ago?
a) 589 MBq
b) 538 MBq
c) 477 MBq
d) 369 MBq
An isotope has a 60 day half life. If its activity is 2GBq today what
19 [Friedlander]
will its activity be in 3 weeks?
a) 1.14GBq
b) 1.57GBq
c) 1.61GBq
d) 1.77GBq
If a electron and an alpha particle both had the same energy, the
20 [Hall]
alpha particle would have the greatest
a) velocity
b) frequency
c) wavelength
d) LET
If an alpha particle loses 34eV on average for each ion pair it
21 creates, what is the number of ion pairs a 680keV alpha particle can [Hall]
make before coming to rest?
a) 2000
b) 4000
c) 20
d) 40
When radiographing a weld it may be advisable to grind the surface [IIW
22
to a smooth or at least clean surface. The purpose of this is to Handbook]
a) reduce exposure time
b) ensure uniform density over the total surface
c) reduce chance of missing defects
d) improve film contrast
The purpose of indicating distance along a weld on a radiograph by [IIW
23
means of lead numbers is to Handbook]
a) correct for parallax
b) meet code requirements
c) accurately locate defects
d) all of the above
The purpose of the telescopic rod that flips out in front of the [IIW
24
window of a spot x-ray tube is to Handbook]
a) centre the x-ray beam on the area of concern
b) filter the beam
c) protect the beryllium window
d) split the x-ray beam in two
If you use a magnifying lens to assist in viewing a radiograph it is [IIW
25
usually 4x to 6x power. If much greater magnification is used Handbook]
a) the high intensity viewer will burn out the retina
b) evaluation will be more stringent than code requirements
c) film gain will interfere with interpretation
d) none of the above
[Training
26 Mass is not a property of
Manual 2]
a) x-rays
b) beta particles
c) alpha particles
d) neutrons
[Training
27 Ultraviolet light has a wavelength that is longer than
Manual 2]
a) x-rays
b) gamma rays
c) cosmic rays
d) all of the above
The effect of increasing the frequency of a gamma photon would be [Training
28
to Manual 2]
a) increase its wavelength
b) increase its velocity
c) decrease its wavelength
d) decrease its velocity
The number of electromagnetic waves passing a point per unit time [Training
29
is called Manual 2]
a) wavelength
b) angstrom unit
c) velocity
d) frequency
[Training
30 The electron volt (eV) is a unit of
Manual 2]
a) electric charge
b) power
c) energy
d) all of the above

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References (NDT TestMaker software)

1. [Training Manual 2] Minister of Supply and Services Canada Training Manual 2,

Radiation hazard Control in Industrial Radiography, Health and Welfare Canada,
1982.
2. [Training Manual 3] Minister of Supply and Services Canada Radiation Hazard
Control in Industrial Radiography RPB - TM - 3, Health and Welfare Canada, 1973
3. [Asimov] Asimov, Issac, Understanding Physics: The Electron, Proton and Neutron,
New American Library, Inc. , 1966
4. [Burnham] Burnham, J.U. Radiation Protection Point Lepreau Generating Station,
N.B. Power,1986
5. Chesney, D.N., & Chesney, M.O., Radiation Photography, William Clowes & Sons,
1965 Chesney
6. [Jaundrell] Jaundrell-Thompson,F. & Ashworth, W.K., X-ray Physics and
Equipment, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1965
7. [Agfa] Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Industrial Radiography, Agfa-Gevaert N. V., 1986
8. [Burns] Burns, D. M. & MacDonald, S.G.G., Physics for Biology and Pre-Medical
Students, Addison-Wesley Publsihing Company, 1970
9. [Hall] Hall, E. J., Radiobiology for the Radiobiologist, Second Edition, Harper and
Row, Publishers, 1978
10. [Friedlander] Friedlander.G., Kennedy.J.W., Miller,J.M., Nuclear and
Radiochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1964
11. [ASNT]American Society for Nondestructive Testing Nondestructive Testing
Handbook, Vol. 2, Second Edition, American Society for Nondestructive Testing,
1982
12. Halmshaw, R., Mathematics and Formulae in NDT British Institute of
Nondestructive Testing, 1983 Math in NDT
13. [IIW Handbook] International Institute of Welding, Handbook on Radiographic
Apparatus and Techniques, International Institute of Welding, 1961
14. [Freifelder] Freifelder, D., Molecular Biology, Second Edition, Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Inc. 1987

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