VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

LANGUAGE AND MEDIA

NEWSPAPER REPORT ANALYSIS
- GROUP 4 –

Lecturer: Ms. Nguyễn Diệu Hồng

Students: Tăng Minh Anh Trần Đức Hiếu

Nghiêm Hoàng Mai Hoàng Thúy Trà
Vũ Linh Ngọc Vũ Tố Linh

Hanoi, 2021
 Table of Contents
MEMBERS’ CONTRIBUTION EVALUATION REPORT ............................................................. 2
NEWSPAPER REPORT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 5
A. Sources: ..................................................................................................................................... 5
B. Newspaper layout ...................................................................................................................... 5
C. Analysis form: ........................................................................................................................... 9
I. Content and details ............................................................................................................................ 9
II. Linguistic Features ...................................................................................................................... 13
III. Tone ............................................................................................................................................ 41
IV. Accompanying photo/illustration/graphic/graphs ....................................................................... 42
REFERENCE ............................................................................................................................................ 44

1
 MEMBERS’ CONTRIBUTION EVALUATION REPORT

Member Student Tasks Presentation & Evaluation

ID Slide designing
part

1. Tăng 18050201 - Select subordinate report “Content and - Always

Minh source details” section: met the
Anh deadlines
- Design the form of group  Headline +
(Group newspaper report. Effectiveness - Work
leader) - Fulfill analysis part in two of headline quality:
reports for “Content and Excellent
 Factual
details” section: content -
Cooperative
 Headline + Effectiveness  The end of with the
of headline the story team
 Factual content
 The end of the story � 100%

2. 18050101 - Select subordinate report “Linguistic - Always

Nghiêm source Features” section: met the
Hoàng deadlines
- Design and check the  Paragraph
Mai content of group newspaper - Work
structure
report quality:
 Complexity
- Fulfill analysis part in two Excellent
of lexical
reports for “Linguistic choices -
Features” section: Cooperative
with the
 Paragraph structure
team
 Complexity of lexical
� 100%
choices
- Design form of group
analysis

3. Vũ 15030525 - Find and select the “Accompanying - Always

Linh subordinate report source photo/illustration/ met the
Ngọc - Write the content of group graphic/graphs” deadlines
newspaper report section

2
 - Fulfill analysis part in two - Work
reports for “Accompanying quality:
photo/illustration/graphic/gra Excellent
phs” section -
Cooperative
with the
team
� 100%

4. Vũ Tố 16003452 - Find and select subordinate “Linguistic - Met the

Linh report source Features” section: deadlines
- Analyze “Newspaper  Sentence - Work
layout” section for two type & quality:
reports. Sentence Excellent
- Fulfill analysis part in two structure -
reports for “Linguistic  Cohesive Cooperative
Features” section: devices with the
team
 Sentence type &
Sentence structure � 100%
 Cohesive devices

5. Trần 18040083 - Select the subordinate “Content and - Met the

Đức Hiếu report source details” section: deadlines
- Write the content of group  Fact - Work
newspaper report arrangement quality:
Excellent
- Fulfill analysis part in two  Fact
reports for “Content and accuracy -
details” section: Cooperative
 Use of with the
 Fact arrangements quotations team
 Fact accuracy  Missing � 100%
 Use of quotations information

 Missing information

6. Hoàng 16010630 - Select the subordinate “Tone” section - Met the

Thúy Trà report source deadlines

3
- Write the content of group - Work
newspaper report quality:
- Fulfill analysis part in two Excellent
reports for “Tone” section -
Cooperative
with the
team
� 100%

4
 NEWSPAPER REPORT ANALYSIS

A. Sources:
Main source: Subordinate source:

Covid19 - Silent Sacrifice Volunteers on the frontline

B. Newspaper layout:
1. Main source:

5
6
2. Subordinate source:

7
8
 C. Analysis form:
I. Content and details

Analysis of the main Analysis of the

No Features
source subordinate source
What was the headline for the Covid - 19 - Silent Volunteers on the
story? Sacrifice frontline
1
Similarity: Have the same Topic: Both show nice
Compare & contrast
actions of covid 19
- Length: 3 words
(suitable) - Length: 4 words
- Word use: metaphorical (suitable)
words - Word use: a noun,
The length => Advantage: impress, common words
of headline attract readers, briefly => Advantage: help
introduce the content of readers to easily follow
Discuss the the report: emphasize the and understand, show
2 effectiveness of contributions of silent topic of the report
the headline volunteer
The stories about the
silent "soldiers" moved The stories about
Summarize into epidemic areas to volunteers support the
the story assist in the fight against fight against the epidemic
the Covid-19 pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City
in VietNam

9
 "Silent Sacrifice" =>
metaphorical words:
Borrow an adjective to
Get the "Volunteers" => it is
refer to those who have
reader's obvious, pointing directly
devoted themselves to
attention at those on the frontlines
helping the country and
people - fighting the
pandemic
NDO – The fight against
VIET NAM - Unafraid of the COVID-19 epidemic
hardships, the silent in Ho Chi Minh City has
"soldiers" moved into drawn the significant
LEAD
epidemic areas to assist contributions of
in the fight against the volunteers from many
Covid-19 pandemic. provinces and cities
around the country.
The articles mention some individuals. It is about
WHO? the story of volunteers participating in the fight
against the pandemic
Briefly describe
participating in the fight against the Covid-19
the factual content
WHAT? pandemic: take samples for testing, process rubbish,
3 of the story
Support rice or water distribution
related to the lead:
5W's and the H WHEN? In the current 4th COVID-19 outbreak

WHY? -No attentions

- Showing users truthful content in their feeds and
searches.
HOW? Unafraid of hardships, has drawn the significant
moved into epidemic contributions of
areas to assist volunteers
=> Evaluate: clearly, full summary of the main
content of the article, the reader will understand
what you will write the article

- Appreciate their efforts, the things they have

How did the end of the story contributed to the country.
4 summarize the main idea and - Have a message to spread to everyone
provide closure for the reader?
=> Evaluate: It is a good way to mention new issues
at the end of the reports

10
 => The reader will remember the information
mentioned in the article after reading it.

Main source Subordinate source

5, Fact Facts in this article were not well Facts are effectively
arrangements: arranged because: arranged:
Facts in a  This article is about the ‘silent  This article is
newspaper report sacrifice’, in other words, it is about the voluntary
are supposed to be about the work of the others - work of doctors
arranged from most the sanitary worker and the and nurses in the
to least important. voluntary worker, other than frontline.
Do you believe the doctors and nurses, on the  This article jumps
author did this front. right into the point
effectively? Why?  However, facts about as the first fact,
COVID-19 situation in also the most
Vietnam are brought up first, important, is
despite being minor facts. For introducing the
example: audience to their
“Vietnam has recorded over 110 volunteer to hazard
thousand active cases and over 1100 zone:
deaths” “The fight against the
“there are, on average, around 7000 COVID-19 epidemic in
confirmed cases of COVID-19” Ho Chi Minh City has
“Vietnam is dealing with two drawn significant
hazardous, fast-spreading SARS- contributions...”
CoV-2 virus strains,...”  Following this are
“it has spread to nearly the entire smaller facts that
country,...” support the main
 After readers are given insight one. For example:
of the situation, the most “A working delegation
important fact - the so-called from the Vietnam –
sacrifice are then mentioned: Russia Tropical Centre
“...there are individuals on the front under the Ministry of
lines who risk their lives every day Defence have been
to serve and protect the unfortunate supporting Ho Chi Minh
victims of COVID-19” City... “
 Despite the early misstep, the ““The centre previously
rest of the article is arranged joined in the combat
quite well, as the following of against the epidemic in
the most important fact is a Da Nang City, Quang

11
 series of smaller ones that Binh and Bac Giang
support the main one. For Provinces and in several
example: other localities...””
“”Every day we have to handle a “By July 24, Field
huge amount of medical waste...”” Hospital No. 9 had
“”..We have to sample hundreds of recorded 86 patients as
people every day...”” discharged...”

6, Fact accuracy:  Facts about COVID are  Some facts are

Discuss the extracted from reputable extracted from
accuracy of facts sources, both national and internal reports
used in the report. international sources that are not
How do you know (cdc.gov; worldometers.info; properly cited. For
that the sources ncov.moh.gov.vn). example:
used were reliable “there are, on average, around 7000 “As of July 24, after 20
and accurate? confirmed cases of COVID-19” days in Ho Chi Minh
Provide specific  Facts about “silent sacrifice” City, the unit has received
examples. are from selected 13,632 samples,
interviewees working in the equivalent to more than
danger zone, thus highly 118 people, and found
accurate (one from a 923 positive cases”
sanitation worker and one  Some facts in this
from a volunteer). article are
“”Every day we have to handle a extracted from
huge amount of medical waste...”” doctors, nurses or
“”..We have to sample hundreds of officials.
people every day...””  Generally, facts
 Facts about “lending a hand” involving the
are taken from governmental human factor are
sites, thus highly credible not always 100%
(statements from the Ministry true or credible.
of Health and the Youth For example:
Union). ““With the number of
“The Ministry of Health also called patients being up to 700
on the people for voluntary every day, we are
assistance and has asked everyone to determined to do all our
register as a volunteer to help fight work, regardless of the
against the pandemic together." time needed””
 However, those
doctors, nurses and
officials are
experts on their

12
 respective field,
plus, they want to
update the COVID
situation as quickly
as possible. Thus
they are reliable
and true.

7, Use of quotations The quotation did not add more
In what ways did credibility to this article.
the use of From the writer's point of view, this
quotations: may have added more interest for
Add credibility to readers as they get to know more,
the story? acknowledge and appreciate the
Make the stories “silent sacrifice”. Plus, the readers
more interesting? may have been encouraged to do
Present differing something about the situation - stay
points of view at home or join the forces.
about the topic This quotation does not present any
differing point of view.
The quotation did not add
more credibility to this
article.
Similar to the main
source. However, instead
of ‘the silent sacrifice’,
readers get to
acknowledge and
appreciate the volunteers
working in the frontline.
No differing viewpoint.

8, Missing In terms of content, there is enough No missing information

information information.
In terms of detail, more interviews
could have been conducted for better
insight of the situation.

II. Linguistic Features

N Features Analysis of the main source Analysis of the subordinate

o source

13
1 Paragraph structure
- The report is divided into 12
paragraphs. When reflecting
the article's topic, the report's
long and short paragraphs are
arranged in an alternating
pattern. The majority of these
paragraphs are 1-2 sentences
long. In fact, four of the
twelve paragraphs include
only one sentence, while the
other three contain two
sentences. The shortest
paragraph has one sentence
quoting a volunteer's account
of his daily life: “He shared
more with a sad voice: "I
haven't been home in two
weeks.”.”
- It is broken down into 5
sections with 19 paragraphs,
the majority of which consist
of one to six sentences.
- Only one paragraph is made
up of a single sentence,
whereas nine of the 19
paragraphs are made up of
two sentences.
- The report, on the other
hand, is mainly comprised of
paragraphs with numerous
sentences. There are two
paragraphs with five
sentences each and two
paragraphs with six
sentences total.

- The paragraphs that are

regarded to be long are
composed mainly of three to
four sentences. The majority
of the sentences in these
paragraphs are short types.
The longest paragraph
consisted of 6 sentences
totaling 110 words, which
were distributed throughout
all 16 lines.

14
 Compare and There are more paragraphs in the subordinate source than in
contrast the main source. Two reports, however, all have paragraphs
consisting of short sentences that make the text simpler to
comprehend and keep readers interested. Furthermore, both
reports' longest paragraphs contain six short sentences. As a
result, these reports provided sufficient information to
readers and made it easier to meet the communication aim.

2 Complexi Technic The language of the article is The majority of the words are
ty of al terms simple and easy to below B2 level, accounting
lexical understand with only about for 79% of the words in the
choices: 18% of the words at and report, which makes the
above B2 level: hazardous, article easy to follow and
outbreak, recognition, understand. Besides, there
sincerity, etc. are several academic words
Word Types Token that are above B2 level, such
List s as delegation, accumulated,
nostalgia, spiritual, etc.
157 400 Word Types Token
(37.62 (56.08 List s
A1 %) %)
262 757
65 73 (39.23 (56.50
(15.70 (10.65 A1 %) %)
A2 %) %)
101 136
63 65 (15.12 (10.16
(15.42 (9.59% A2 %) %)
B1 %) )
79 115
55 68 (11.85 (8.61%
(12.95 (9.28% B1 %) )
B2 %) )
77 100
17 18 (11.49 (7.50%
(3.57% (2.16% B2 %) )
C1 ) )
19 22
5 6 (2.85% (1.64%
(1.21% (0.93% C1 ) )
C2 ) )

15
 46 75 16 28
Unliste (13.54 (11.32 (2.40% (2.08%
d %) %) C2 ) )
113 181
Unliste (17.04 (13.50
d %) %)

16
Interesti - Phrase “Join forces to…”
ng & → This expression featured
varied in the concluding sentence,
words which helped to inspire a
sense of solidarity by
encouraging everyone to
work together to combat the
pandemic. This term comes
from the phrase "join hands
to..." The word “Forces” was
used instead of the word
“Hands” as usual to appeal to
a larger force of people
across the country, including
students, children,
employees, business owners,
to hospital nurses and doctors
who are directly involved in
the process of saving
patients.
- Although a few terms, such
as dubbed, participate in,
force..., appear several times
throughout the story, the
article uses a variety of
synonyms to substitute the
word in various contexts:
 Tasks,
missions…
 Responsibilitie
s, charge,
duty…
 Said, added,
confided…
- The diverse use of
grammatical words to convey
one single meaning:
 Called on
people to,
17
- No catchy or interesting
words are verified.
- The use of denotation: “do
all our work, regardless of
the time needed”
→ This term, which is
derived from a Doctor's
speech, reflects the frontline
forces' best efforts in the fight
against the disease and for
the people of the country to
coexist. As a result, readers
can empathize with the
doctors' determination and
join hands to make further
attempts. This also
contributes to the article's
appeal and makes it easier to
follow.
- Languages used are varied
with many synonyms:
 The fight,
combat,
struggle.
 Medical staff,
workers,
doctors,
nurses,
technicians,
front-line
forces, hospital
on-site
forces…
→ The usage of synonyms
boosts the newspaper's
uniqueness and intrigue, as
well as reader enthusiasm.
- Diverse use of grammatical
words when quoting:
 asked people
to.
 Take on
responsibilities
, in charge of,
on duty,
undertake
tasks…
→ Emphasize information in
the newspaper regarding
activities and plans that can
be implemented in the fight
against the pandemic.
Besides, using different
terms to demonstrate the
same event makes the news
more fascinating for readers
because they don't have to
see the same word
repeatedly.
- Many interviews are
referenced in the report,
which increases the
authenticity of the
information in the article:
"It's very scary, because we
have to directly contact the
waste of patients F0, F1 in
the isolation area. Every day
we have to handle a huge
amount of medical waste so
just a small mistake can turn
us into F0 immediately. Also,
we have to work 3 to 4 times
more than usual. But if we
don't do it, no one will take
on this job."…
→ Moreover, these direct
quotations also included the
interviewers’ emotion when
18
“He shared: “The delegation
consists of three female
members so they are
prioritised for working on the
day shifts…”.”
“Doctor Hoang Duc Hau,
from the Director of… said:
“The centre previously
joined in the combat… and
found 923 positive cases”.”
““With the number of
patients being up to 700
every day, we are determined
to do all our work, regardless
of the time needed”, added
Doctor Ly.”
“Nurse Nguyen Thi Hong
Phuong (from Ha Nam
Province) said that she
received great support and
encouragement from her
family.”
“Doctor Nguyen Ba Khanh
Linh confided: “During the
early days when I came here,
I worried a lot… hope for
their speedy recovery”.”
→ The use of many different
structures when the author
quotes the interviewee's
statements throughout the
article will keep the reader
from becoming bored.
they reminisced about their
work. This helps readers
imagine, visualize the
situation and appreciate how
hard the interviewers' jobs
are.

- Give catchy names to

special people:
 The silent
"soldiers" =
people who
work quietly,
assisting
people in
difficulty
without
bothering to
rush into
danger and
hardship.

· “The warrior in
white” – referred to
the doctors and nurses
wearing hot and heavy
protective suits in the
heat of the sun
without any cooling
while taking care of
patients.
· “Knights in
shadow” = people
who silently accept to
take part in important
and risky missions
without fear of
hardship, without
receiving recognition
and praise from
others.

19
→ This naming will make the
article more interesting and
more receptive to the readers.

- The news report is mostly

the writer’s observation and
report. This gives the reader
the best visual representation
of what's going on and allows
them to freely make
conclusions and views about
those actual events.

20
Figurati - The author has used only
ve one but excellent word
language choice that perfectly captures
the image of those who
silently sacrificed and
assisted people in the fight
against the pandemic with
people from all across the
country: “the silent "soldiers
``''.
→ This word not only draws
the audience's attention to
what is being reported, but it
also makes it more enjoyable
to read and follow.
21
- The writer chose to fuel his
or her writing with many
figurative sentences:
“Volunteering in Ho Chi
Minh City, Doctor Tran Duc
Ly, head of the medical
delegation from Ha Nam
Province has determined that
this is a long-term "war".”
(= fight against COVID-19)
“This is the joy of not only
the City but also the whole
country and a great
motivation for them to
continue to join hands with
Ho Chi Minh City in this
difficult “struggle”.” (=
another way to talk about the
fight against COVID-19)
“Despite “field” and hasty
meals at midnight on the
hospital’s corridors…”
(=The meal was hurriedly
prepared and served at the
workplace, particularly in the
field where medical
professionals and
receptioners are attempting
to distribute donations to
patients.)
→ The author's use of
figurative language in the
report enables viewers to
associate what the writer is
talking about with another
popular event that they are
currently paying attention to,
which then prompts their
thinking and keeps them
engaged on what is being
reported.
Compar In terms of linguistic elements such as terminology, language
e and variety, and figures of speech, both news reports appear to be
contrast extensive to read even though the amount of words at and
above B2 are a little high. Moreover, both samples include
many direct language from the object that related to the topic
of the report, which enhances the reliability of the news.
However, the main source with many unique names and
catchy phrases seems to be more attractive and easy to
intrigue readers.
On the other hand, one thing that needs to improve for both
reports is the repetition of specific phrases, which might lead
to boredom and lose readers’ interest.

22
3
Sentence Sentence Composed of 2 types of Includes the same types
sentence structure, with the of structures as article 1,
type & structure predominant appearance of but most of it is the
complex structure with long appearance of simple
sentence sentences. It makes the article sentences
structure more difficult to
read/understand for the - I and others are in
reader. Because the article is charge of the evening
intended to provide shift.
information for reading
comprehension for all - Volunteering in Ho Chi
subjects, the language as well Minh City, Doctor Tran
as the sentence structure Duc Ly, head of the
should be simpler and closer. medical delegation from
Ha Nam Province has
- Simple sentences are used determined that this is a
long-term "war".
+ They are dubbed “knights in
shadow.” - All doctors and nurses
have regularly had to
+ Also, we have to work 3 to 4 work until 2am.
times more than usual.
- As a woman, Phuong
+ Besides sanitation workers, has been also homesick,
volunteers also play an especially on rainy days.
extremely important role in
the anti-COVID 19 campaign. - The hospital has 50
beds.
...
- Their beautiful images
- The frequency of occurrence have brightened up the
of complex sentences is tradition of “a good
relatively large physician is like a good
mother”.
+ With that condition,
Vietnam has proven to be a
challenging problem, as it has
spread to nearly the entire
country, some of which have
been forced to close.

+ While most people are

staying at home trying to

23
avoid spreading the disease,
there are individuals on the
front lines who risk their lives
every day to serve and protect
the unfortunate victims of
COVID-19, such as the Fx, the
patient, and those in
concentrated quarantine.

+ Accompanied with doctors

and the nurses - dubbed “the
warrior in white” - wearing
hot and heavy protective suit
in the heat with virtually zero
cooling, there are janitors
who deal with the potentially
toxic medical waste in the
hospitals or concentration
camps.

...

24
Compare and contrast: While source 1 is composed of all
types of sentence structure, showing the high English
proficiency and an advanced level of the creating news
reports. In terms of sentence structure, source 1 can be
considered a more advanced and professional one
linguistically.

25
Sentence type - The language of this - Declarative sentences:
reporting includes almost
declarative sentences. sentences in the report are
Besides, there are also minor mostly statement
sentences, particularly
functioning as exclamations, → Interrogative,
but usually these appear only imperative
in the headlines. - Exclamative sentences:
- Declarative sentences: + Many are very young
Most sentences in the report doctors, nurses and
are statements technicians and students
→ Fact provided, information who have great
conveyed. enthusiasm.

- Exclamatory sentences: + ... this was a force with

good experience in
+ Unafraid of hardships, the epidemic prevention and
silent "soldiers"... control...

+ ... there are individuals on

the front lines who risk their
lives...

→Strong emotion shown

towards the news.

26
Compare and contrast: Both samples are composed of
statements, which is commonly learned in most texts
written in the form of news reports. The overuse of
declarative sentences can be somehow simplistic and
unattractive to the readers.

27
The language - Reporting verbs: - Reporting verbs:
of the news
report + According to + He shared: “The
worldometers.info, Vietnam delegation consists of
has recorded over 110 three female members so
thousand active cases and they are prioritised for
over 1100 deaths at the time of working on the day shifts.
writing. I and others are in charge
of the evening shift.
+ In the current 4th COVID- During the days with a lot
19 outbreak, Vietnam is of samples, we work until
dealing with two hazardous 4 am”.
fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2
virus strains, the British + Doctor Hoang Duc
variant and the Indian double Hau, from the Director of
variant. the Centre for Hi-tech
Research and Treatment
+ With that condition, of the Institute of Tropical
Vietnam has proven to be a Biomedicine under the
challenging problem, as it has Vietnam – Russia
spread to nearly the entire Tropical Centre said:
country, some of which have “The centre previously
been forced to close. joined in the combat
against the epidemic in
+ Ms. N.T.N, an Da Nang City, Quang
environmental sanitation Binh and Bac Giang
worker who is sweating in a Provinces and in several
thick protective suit under the other localities..."
hot weather of nearly 40
degrees Celsius, said: "The - Passive voice:
more people stay away, the
more we have to rush in". + If nothing changes,
dozens of patients will be
- Passive voice: discharged in the coming
days.
+ ... some of which have been
forced to close. + Hoa Phu Field Hospital
was established on July 7
+ They are dubbed “knights inside the Hoa Phu
in shadow.” Regional General
+ ... what they are called... Hospital in Long Ho
District, in the Mekong

28
 River Delta Province of
- Synonyms: Vinh Long.
+ volunteers - they - Synonyms:
+ Ms. N.T.N, an + the Centre for Hi-tech
environmental sanitation Research and Treatment
worker - she of the Institute of
Tropical Biomedicine
+ Mr. V.H.D, a volunteer in under the Vietnam –
charge of taking samples for Russia Tropical Centre -
testing - he we - the unit

+ Ho Chi Minh City - the

city

29
 Compare and contrast: The use of passive voice and
neutral reporting verbs support both samples to remain
formal and impartial. Besides, a wide range of synonyms
manage to keep news reports interesting and maintain the
attention of readers in the process of interpreting
information, creating professional but engaging news
reports.

Evaluate: Most sentences in 2 articles are declarative sentences. This can

be due to the fact that both samples are pandemic news; therefore, the
authors concentrate more on reporting what happened. Furthermore, both
articles use a lot of complex and compound sentences, which can become
obstacles for readers to follow thoroughly the content of writings.
However, all the reporting verbs in these two articles are neutral verbs,
thus both articles are objective. Both are supported by the use of passive
voice and neutral reporting verbs to keep the sampling formal and
unbiased.

4 Cohesive Reference

30
devices * Anaphoric * Anaphoric

- To refer to the number of To repeat the object

cases mentioned in the mentioned in the previous
previous sentence: sentence:

Vietnam has recorded over + Many are very young

110 thousand active cases doctors, nurses and
and over 1100 deaths at the technicians and students
time of writing. The figure who have great
would soon change as there enthusiasm. They are not
are,... afraid of difficulties and
have volunteered for the
- To connect sentences: frontline to help the City
overcome the pandemic.
+ In the current 4th COVID-
19 outbreak, Vietnam is + Since joining the
dealing with two hazardous delegation to the City,
fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 Doctor Duong Van
virus strains, the British Nghia finishes his work
variant and the Indian double at 2-3am almost every
Grammatical variant. With that condition, day. He shared: “The
devices Vietnam has proven to be a delegation consists of
challenging problem, as it has three female members so
spread to nearly the entire they are prioritised for
country, some of which have working on the day
been forced to close. shifts...
+ The scariest thing is when + The delegation consists
we hear that a volunteer has of 40 people, including 8
been infected with Covid. At doctors, 27 nurses and
that time, the only one thing five technicians assigned
we can do is encourage each to work at Field Hospital
other and try to be more No. 9 in Hoc Mon
careful. District. He said that this
was a force with good
* Cataphoric: No illustration experience in epidemic
identified prevention and control,...

* Cataphoric

No illustration identified

31
Substitution

To connect ideas between To imply to similar

clauses of one sentence: organizations:

Besides them, there are many The medical staff

others doing their best to
brighten up everybody’s day
during this dark time called
the 4 outbreak.
th
including the hospital's
on-site forces and others
have been mobilised from
other localities.

Ellipsis: No illustration identified

Conjunctive cohesion

32
- Conjunction and - Conjunction and
subordinating devices subordinating devices

was used as effective devices was used as effective

to show the devices to show the

relations between ideas within relations between ideas

and within and

between sentences: between sentences:

+ While most people are + For example, there

staying at home trying to was a woman infected
avoid spreading the disease, with Covid-19 while 30
there are individuals on the weeks pregnant and
front lines who risk their lives doctors had to consider
every day to serve and protect measures carefully to
the unfortunate victims of treat her without
COVID-19, such as the Fx, affecting the fetus.
the patient, and those in
concentrated quarantine. + Despite “field” and
hasty meals at midnight
+ "It's very scary, because we on the hospital’s
have to directly contact the corridors, there has been
waste of patients F0, F1 in the no shortage of laughter
isolation area..." among those people in the
same situation.
+ We have to sample
hundreds of people every day, + Despite being away
and wear protective gear from home for prolonged
constantly because we have to periods of time and
be in direct contact with F0, working in difficult
F1, F2. circumstances with a
high risk of infection,
- To link with the previous experts and volunteers
sentence of the same idea have devoted themselves
within the paragraph and parts to the testing and
in the sentence: treatment of patients,
helping them overcome
+While most people are these critical times and
staying at home trying to return them to their
avoid spreading the disease, normal lives.
there are individuals on the

33
front lines who risk their lives
every day to serve and protect + However, after only a
the unfortunate victims of week, everything was
COVID-19, such as the Fx, the fine.
patient, and those in
concentrated quarantine. - To link with the
previous sentence of the
+ According to same idea within the
worldometers.info, Vietnam paragraph and parts in the
has recorded over 110 sentence:
thousand active cases and
over 1100 deaths at the time of + While Dong Thap was
writing. experiencing consecutive
fatal cases, workers from
+ In the current 4th COVID- many localities around
19 outbreak, Vietnam is the country came to the
dealing with two hazardous land of the pink lotus.
fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2
virus strains, the British +Many are very young
variant and the Indian double doctors, nurses and
variant. technicians and students
who have great
+ While most people are enthusiasm.
staying at home trying to
avoid spreading the disease, + I and others are in
there are individuals on the charge of the evening
front lines who risk their lives shift.
every day to serve and protect + Not long ago, he also
the unfortunate victims of joined a delegation from
COVID-19, such as the Fx, the the centre to fight against
patient, and those in the epidemic in Bac
concentrated quarantine. Giang Province.
+ Accompanied with doctors + Doctor Hoang Duc
and the nurses - dubbed “the Hau, from the Director of
warrior in white” - wearing the Centre for Hi-tech
hot and heavy protective suit Research and Treatment
in the heat with virtually zero of the Institute of Tropical
cooling, there are janitors Biomedicine under the
who deal with the potentially Vietnam – Russia
toxic medical waste in the Tropical Centre said:
hospitals or concentration “The centre previously
camps.

34
 joined in the combat
+ There are also volunteers against the epidemic in
who provide compassionate Da Nang City, Quang
and caring meals for not just Binh and Bac Giang
the doctors and nurses, but Provinces and in several
also the patients and those other localities... We
who have been quarantined. coordinated with the
unit's working group in
+ Besides sanitation workers, Ho Chi Minh City to form
volunteers also play an a group of 16 members
extremely important role in directly involved in
the anti-COVID 19 campaign. epidemic prevention and
+ We have to sample control. The unit was
hundreds of people every day, assigned to conduct
and wear protective gear sample testing in District
constantly because we have to 10 and Phu Nhuan
be in direct contact with F0, District. As of July 24,
F1, F2. after 20 days in Ho Chi
Minh City, the unit has
- To connect with the previous received 13,632 samples,
paragraph: equivalent to more than
118 people, and found
Besides sanitation workers, 923 positive cases”.
volunteers also play an
extremely important role in + Volunteers to Ho Chi
the anti-COVID 19 campaign. Minh City to fight against
the epidemic consist of
students from universities
and colleges in various
provinces and cities
around the country.

...

- To connect with the

previous paragraph:

More fortunate than

many members of the
delegation from Ha Nam,
Doctor Nguyen Van Tuan
has a girlfriend who is a
nurse having gone

35
 voluntarily to the City to
support the fight.

36
Lexical Reiteration (Repetition)
devices
- To show the unified To show the unified
organization within a organization within a
paragraph: paragraph:
In the current 4th COVID-19
outbreak, Vietnam is dealing
with two hazardous fast-
spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus
strains, the British variant
and the Indian double variant.
With that condition, Vietnam
has proven to be a
challenging problem, as it has
spread to nearly the entire
country, some of which have
been forced to close.
- To mention the link between
paragraphs:
...Currently, as the pandemic
becomes more serious, the
volunteer force is insufficient,
forcing them to take on
additional responsibilities.
Mr. V.H.D, a volunteer in
charge of taking samples for
testing, confided: "Our work
usually starts at 5 or 6 AM….”
37
+ “...The unit was
assigned to conduct
sample testing in District
10 and Phu Nhuan
District. As of July 24,
after 20 days in Ho Chi
Minh City, the unit has
received 13,632 samples,
equivalent to more than
118 people, and found
923 positive cases”.
+ Volunteers to Ho Chi
Minh City to fight against
the epidemic consist of
students from universities
and colleges in various
provinces and cities
around the country. With
over 300 students the Hai
Duong University of
Medical Technology was
one of the schools with
the strongest support
force for the anti-
epidemic work in the City
and also one of the
earliest units to travel
there.
+ For example, there was
a woman infected with
Covid-19 while 30 weeks
pregnant and doctors had
 to consider measures
carefully to treat her
without affecting the
fetus. Up to now, she and
her fetus are healthy and
have received two
negative test results.

+ By July 24, Field

Hospital No. 9 had
recorded 86 patients as
discharged. If nothing
changes, dozens of
patients will be
discharged in the coming
days.

- To mention the link

between paragraphs:

+ ...Not long ago, he also

joined a delegation from
the centre to fight against
the epidemic in Bac
Giang Province.
Doctor Hoang Duc Hau,
from the Director of the
Centre for Hi-tech
Research and Treatment
of the Institute of Tropical
Biomedicine under the
Vietnam – Russia
Tropical Centre said:
“The centre previously
joined in the combat
against the epidemic in
Da Nang City, Quang
Binh and Bac Giang
Provinces and in several
other localities…
+ As of July 24, after 20
days in Ho Chi Minh
City, the unit has received

38
 13,632 samples,
equivalent to more than
118 people, and found
923 positive cases”.
Volunteers to Ho Chi
Minh City to fight against
the epidemic consist of
students from universities
and colleges in various
provinces and cities
around the country.
+ ...With over 300
students the Hai Duong
University of Medical
Technology was one of
the schools with the
strongest support force
for the anti-epidemic
work in the City and also
one of the earliest units to
travel there.
...He said that this was a
force with good
experience in epidemic
prevention and control,
with many doctors and
medical workers having
also participated in the
anti-epidemic fight in
Bac Giang and Ha Nam.
+ While Dong Thap was
experiencing consecutive
fatal cases, workers from
many localities around
the country came to the
land of the pink lotus. The
doctors and nurses of the
expert groups from the
Ministry of Health, Hue
Central General
Hospital, Can Tho
Central General Hospital

39
 and a delegation from
Bac Giang province,...
..., Doan Tan Buu, said
that the doctors and
nurses who came to
support Dong Thap were
those with good expertise
and experience in
resuscitation treatment
for COVID-19 patients.
The emergency
resuscitation team from
the Hue Central General
Hospital consists of
experienced doctors,
nurses and technicians,
forming active support
crews.
..., many doctors and
nurses in Dong Thap
have wavered sometimes,
or even panicked...

Synonymy: mentioned above in the languages of reports

Antonymy
no illustration identified
negative - positive

panicked - calm and

confident

Association

Medical field: patient, doctor, Medical field: doctor,

nurse, medical waste, samples nurse, the centre to fight
for testing,... against the epidemic,
patient,...

40
 Hyponymy: No illustration identified

Compare and contrast: The use of a wide range of

cohesive devices in 2 news reports are outstanding. Most
of them are utilized except for ellipsis and hyponymy.
Thus, it is obvious that the text is well organized and
linguistically cohesive. Besides, sample II manages to
show a number of cohesive devices, both grammatically
and lexically. Both sources use cohesive devices
appropriately to keep the contents fluent. This helps
readers gain a deeper understanding of the topic.

III. Tone

Features Main source Subordinate source

Is there The tone is less formal, the author restricts The tone of the newspaper is much
any the use of academic words, they use more formal, the information is well
bias? common words that are easy to described with facts and numbers, and
understand, the article has a clear and the speaker's words are quoted
coherent meaning according to each exactly. The author provided
content, without rambling or using information objectively, did not
difficult words. The author's voice and hesitate to express gratitude and love
expression are quick, concise, and right to for the sacrifices of the medical forces
the point, so it effectively attracts the in the past, but also commented and
target group that is young to middle-aged praised that: "Their beautiful images
busy readers who want to grasp have brightened up the tradition of “a
information quickly. The speaker's word good physician is like a good mother”.
information is quoted correctly. Authors
provide information objectively and do
not represent their personal views.
for example:
“Currently, as the pandemic becomes
more serious, the volunteer force is not
enough, forcing them to take on additional
responsibilities” This is the content that
the author has summarized and
paraphrased, compared to the content of
the MR VHD interview below, it is

41
 completely accurate information → no
signs of bias .

IV. Accompanying photo/illustration/graphic/graphs

Features Main source Subordinate source

 Both articles use photos with clear source citations

and caption
 Both articles use some images related to the main
topic of the article such as: illustrations of
coronavirus, images of volunteers and environmental
workers.

Does the choice of - Although the image of  The article only uses
photo coronavirus at the heading of the one photo for
illustration/graphic article is related to the main topic, illustration and it is a
graph influence the it may give the reader a false lab photo, although
way the story is being impression that the main topic is the photo does not
presented? about this virus instead of the specify who the
silent "soldiers" fighting the subject in the photo
pandemic. is, which may
- The second photo of the mislead readers that
beaming volunteers despite the the article may just
tremendous pressure of the mention about the
epidemic, and the third photo of covid testing
an environmental worker situation.
handling dozens of trash cans  Along with the long
directly reflect the content of the article, it also
article, giving readers a more mentions many
realistic view of the main subjects such as
characters mentioned in the doctors, nurses, and
article. students of medical
 However, it may affect the schools across the
reader's view if they just country; however;
look at the picture without there aren't any
reading the article. pictures of them.
Because these images do
not clearly show the works
or difficulties that those
main characters have to
face.

42
Suggestion  The photo at the top of the Should give more images
article should be directly that accurately reflect the
related to the main subject main character's work
mentioned in the article difficulties
such as volunteers or
environmental workers to => Clearly show why they
make a direct impression should be praised more.
on the reader.
 Should give the images of
the interviewee in the
article or images that
accurately reflect the main
character's work
difficulties.

43
 REFERENCE
1. Mai, N. H., Anh, T. M, Ngoc, V. L., Linh, V. T., Hieu, T. D. & Tra, H. T. (2021).
Covid - 19 - Silent Sacrifice. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yvz4scghmNtBLRicrEiHxIjQseJ6E01C/view.
2. Nhan Dan Newspaper Correspondence (2021). Volunteers on the frontline. The
party, state and people of Vietnam. Hanoi. Retrieved from
https://en.nhandan.vn/society/health/item/10203002-volunteers-on-the-
frontline.html?fbclid=IwAR0I-
Hxsk4DvALn5Ul_H6zBi1JT3Y9gXIfGrU10CB9M3HUJ4Lfx70wznlug on 16 August,
2021.

44