The document describes the design of slow sand filters for water treatment according to the NBR12216 standard. It provides details on the conventional and compact layouts, including dimensions, flow rates, and operational notes. The conventional layout consists of a single chamber, while the compact layout uses two chambers. Key specifications outlined are a sand bed height of 1 meter, minimum water height of 0.3 meters over the filtration bed, and maximum water height of 0.8 meters. Optimal performance is reached after 10-15 days of operation when the biological filtration layer is established.
The document describes the design of slow sand filters for water treatment according to the NBR12216 standard. It provides details on the conventional and compact layouts, including dimensions, flow rates, and operational notes. The conventional layout consists of a single chamber, while the compact layout uses two chambers. Key specifications outlined are a sand bed height of 1 meter, minimum water height of 0.3 meters over the filtration bed, and maximum water height of 0.8 meters. Optimal performance is reached after 10-15 days of operation when the biological filtration layer is established.
The document describes the design of slow sand filters for water treatment according to the NBR12216 standard. It provides details on the conventional and compact layouts, including dimensions, flow rates, and operational notes. The conventional layout consists of a single chamber, while the compact layout uses two chambers. Key specifications outlined are a sand bed height of 1 meter, minimum water height of 0.3 meters over the filtration bed, and maximum water height of 0.8 meters. Optimal performance is reached after 10-15 days of operation when the biological filtration layer is established.
Flow 0.6 m³/h L or D Flux 0.2 m/h Area 3 m² Width/Lenght - square shape - L 1.7 m Diameter - circular shape - D 2.0 m HL Average sand particle diameter 0.3 mm H1 H1 Sand bed height H3 1m H H2 L H2 Minimum water height over the filtration bed H2 0.3 m HC Maximum water height over the filtration bed H1 0.8 m Height of the inter-compartment channel HL 0.10 m H3 Height of the compact filter Hc 1.9 m Height of the conventional design filter H 2.1 m Flow H4 H3 Flow Support layers Uniform coefficient of the support materials 1.3 H5 Top layer - Sand - Particle diameter 1.3 mm H6 HL Top layer- Areia - Height H4 0.10 m Intermediate layer - Seixos - Particle diameter 5 mm Intermediate layer - Seixos - Height H5 0.1 m Inferior layer - Seixos - Particle diameter 10 mm Inferior layer - Seixos - Height H6 0.1 m Notes about the operation: - Slow sand filters cannot be backwashed. The top of the filter bed should be scraped (2 - 5cm) every time the water depht reached the H1 height. - Never allow the water level to be beyond the H2 height (follow the piping layout from the conventional layout drawing). - Slow sand filters are based on biological processes therefore the water cannot be pre-chlorinated. - The turbidity of the feedwater should be under 5 NTU for optimal performance. - The best performance will be reached after 10 or 15 days of operation, when the biological filtration layer (schmutzdecke) is stabilished and functional. - It's recomended to keep the filter covered to avoid algae growth. Dimensionamento de Filtros Lentos Atende a norma NBR12216
Vazão 0.6 m³/h L ou D Taxa 0.2 m/h Área 3 m² Lateral - quadrado - L 1.7 m Diâmetro - circular - D 2.0 m HL Diâmetro dos grãos de areia 0.3 mm H1 H1 Profundidade do leito de areia H3 1m H H2 L H2 Altura mínima de água acima da areia H2 0.3 m HC Altura máxima da água sobre a areia H1 0.8 m Altura do canal de interligação HL 0.10 m H3 Altura do tanque compacto Hc 1.9 m Altura do tanque convencional H 2.1 m Fluxo H4 H3 Fluxo Camadas de base Coeficiente de uniformidade das camadas 1.3 H5 Base superior - Areia - Diâmetro 1.3 mm H6 HL Base superior - Areia - Espessura H4 0.10 m Base intermediária- Seixos - Diâmetro 5 mm Base intermediária - Seixos - Espessura H5 0.1 m Base inferior - Seixos - Diâmetro 10 mm Base inferior - Seixos - Espessura H6 0.1 m Notas sobre a operação: - Filtros lentos não podem ser contralavados. A camada superior da areia (2 a 5cm) deve ser raspada quando a altura H1 de água for atingida. - Nunca deixar a água ficar abaixo da altura H2 (ver desenho do tubo de saída no arranjo convencional). - Filtros lentos não podem receber dosagem de cloro na alimentação pois baseiam-se em princípios biológicos. - A turbidez de entrada deve ser baixa (< 5 NTU). - O desempenho máximo é atingido após cerca de 10 dias, quando a camada de biofilme (schmutzdecke) é estabelecida. - É recomendável cobrir o filtro para evitar a proliferação de algas.