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    Diego Zafra
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    The document discusses the hazards of building fires. It notes that smoke inhalation, rather than direct contact with flames, often causes most fire deaths. Smoke rises and spreads rapidly throughout a building. During fires, impaired vision from smoke makes it difficult to see and breathe, potentially leading to asphyxiation or loss of consciousness. Exposure to heat can cause skin pain, burns, and even heat stroke. The most common toxic gases in smoke are carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Smoke obscuration limits tenability and safe travel distances depending on the size of the enclosed space.

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    The document discusses the hazards of building fires. It notes that smoke inhalation, rather than direct contact with flames, often causes most fire deaths. Smoke rises and spreads rapidly throughout a building. During fires, impaired vision from smoke makes it difficult to see and breathe, potentially leading to asphyxiation or loss of consciousness. Exposure to heat can cause skin pain, burns, and even heat stroke. The most common toxic gases in smoke are carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Smoke obscuration limits tenability and safe travel distances depending on the size of the enclosed space.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    15 views11 pages

    Hazards of Buildings Fire

    Uploaded by

    Diego Zafra
    The document discusses the hazards of building fires. It notes that smoke inhalation, rather than direct contact with flames, often causes most fire deaths. Smoke rises and spreads rapidly throughout a building. During fires, impaired vision from smoke makes it difficult to see and breathe, potentially leading to asphyxiation or loss of consciousness. Exposure to heat can cause skin pain, burns, and even heat stroke. The most common toxic gases in smoke are carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Smoke obscuration limits tenability and safe travel distances depending on the size of the enclosed space.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    Hazards of Building

    Fire
    Mehboob Shaikh
    B.Eng. | CFPS | CFI | AMIE
    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training
    Introduction
    During fire events, the occupants are exposed to both fire and smoke.
    Statistical evidence have shown that most fire deaths are caused by
    smoke inhalation rather than direct contact with the fire. While the fire
    may be limited to a localized area in the building, the produced smoke
    rises and forms a hot upper layer that may spread rapidly throughout
    the building.

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Introduction

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Acute Survival Hazards during Fires
    Impaired vision from
    smoke obscuration

    Impaired vision, pain and breathing difficulties


    from effects of smoke irritants on eyes and
    respiratory tract

    Asphyxiation from toxic gases


    leading to confusion and loss
    consciousness

    Pain to exposed skin and respiratory tract followed by


    burns from exposure to radiant and convected heat
    leading to collapse
    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training
    Sequence of hazards affecting a subject
    escaping from a bedroom of an enclosed two-
    storey dwelling with a fire on the floor below

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Effect of Convective Heat

    Exposure to hot environments for more than 15 minutes


    may lead to heat stroke

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Effect of Radiant Heat

    Even without direct contact with flames or hot smoke, skin


    pain or burns can still occur when exposed to fire or due
    to high levels of radiant heat in the smoke.

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Effect of Smoke Toxicity

    The most common asphyxiant in building fires is CO and,


    to a lesser extent, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is more
    toxic

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Effect of Smoke Obscuration & Tenability
    Suggested Tenability limit for
    small enclosure and travel
    distance

    Suggested Tenability limit


    for large enclosure and
    travel distance

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Effect of Smoke Obscuration and Tenability

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training


    Thank You

    CFPS Exam Preparatory Training

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