19/11/2018

What is bus bar?°

ELECTRICAL BUS •Bus bars distribute electricity
BAR and IT’S TYPES with greater ease and
flexibility than some other
more permanent forms of
EE 161 installation and distribution.°
Electrical equipment Operation and Maintenance
PREPARED BY: MACAINDIG, Hanif M.
5th ,EE Student, MSU-main

• because less construction labor means installation is less expensive and Factories
Data
there are no costly changes and outside labor costs for electrical centers
Reduced
facility costs specialists.
Retail
• because building projects are up and running faster plus the ability to faciliti Laboratories

Faster add, remove or relocate power easily and quickly with no downtime. es
installation
Bus bar systems are used to safely
implement three-phase power
• because some plug-in units can be disconnected and reconnected without distribution systems, often in large Hospitals Universities
de-energizing, require no routine maintenance and are faster and less
Flexibility for environments. Bus bars are found
the future costly for expansion or remodelling.
in:
• because bus bars often require fewer installation materials Technology
Environmen and plug-in outlets are reusable and re-locatable.° Universities
settings
tally friendly

• Bus bars range greatly in size and the size is dependent on the use.
Common commercial and industrial bus bars sizes are:
40A
•Copper is a common conductive metal used in bus bars and many electrical
utilities around the world. Copper is chosen for it’s resilience to higher
temperatures, providing extra security during short circuit situations.
•Other benefits provided by the use of copper are:

1200A 50A High conductivity Long lifespan

Resistance to damage High recovery value

800A 60A

Higher performance in clamped Higher modulus of elasticity

joints
400A 100A
The surface of copper naturally oxidizes
Lower coefficient of linear forming a thin hard layer on the surface which
250A 225A
expansion remains conductive.°

1

• A 2009 study done by McKinsey &
Co. states that homes and businesses
collectively pay $130 billion per year
on energy that powers standby
YES!
appliances. Renewable energy
YES! integration can be difficult when
using below-ground electrical
wiring. Overhead or above ground
electrical systems are much easier to
restructure and reconfigure for
YES!
optimal efficiency.
Identify current power costs and set a
baseline
Identify potential cost savings and set
goals
Implement efficiency improvement
projects
Continuously measure to determine
success
Electrical Bus-bars and its types
Definition
• An electrical bus bar is defined as a
conductor or a group of conductor used
for collecting electric power from the
incoming feeders and distributes them to
the outgoing feeders.
• In other words, it is a type of electrical
junction in which all the incoming and
outgoing electrical current meets. Thus,
the electrical bus bar collects the electric
power at one location.
19/11/2018
•According to Energy Star, energy efficiency projects often
pay for themselves in energy savings, but if you don’t know
how much energy you’re using, and how much it costs, it is
very difficult to justify new technologies and best practices
or assess the savings of those new methods. Without a
baseline, and then continued measurements, it is
impossible to determine where to optimize, to evaluate the
results of the optimizations, or to show the improvements
to management, government agencies, or customers.
•You also need to be able to identify energy consumption
peaks and lows, and determine how they relate to
operations or key internal and external events such as
marketing campaigns, accounting cycles, or changing
weather patterns to enable you to adequately plan for these
events
Example of Bus bar with power
monitoring system(Critical Power
Monitor (CPM) ):°
Definition
• Modular capability for connecting to mains of varying
size and specification (voltage and current levels).
• Modular capability for connecting to branch circuits.
• 60-1200 amp capacity configurations.
• Ability to monitor single phase, two phase, three phase,
and three phase with neutral.
• Ability to measure power, power factor, frequency, Volt
Amperes, Watt hours, Volts (each phase), current (each
phase) current (neutral), reactive power, and
temperature. Calculates minimum and maximum
values for power, Volts, and current.
• Ability to set minimum and maximum alarm trigger
levels for current in amps for each phase.
Electrical Bus-bars and its types
Definition
• The bus bar system consists the isolator and
the circuit breaker. On the occurrence of a
fault, the circuit breaker is tripped off and
the faulty section of the bus bar is easily
disconnected from the circuit.
• The electrical bus bar is available in
rectangular, cross-sectional, round and many
other shapes. The rectangular bus bar is
mostly used in the power system. The copper
and aluminium are used for the
manufacturing of the electrical bus bar.
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Most Common BUS BARS: °Electrical consideration for the selection

of particular arrangement:
SIZES:

The bus bar arrangement is simple and easy in

maintenance.

40×4mm 40×5mm 50×6mm 60×8mm 80×8mm 100×10mm The maintenance of the system did not affect
their continuity.

The installation of the bus bar is cheap.

°Different types of BUS BARS: Different types of BUS BARS:

1. Single BUS-BAR Arrangement° 1. Single BUS-BAR Arrangement

• Advantage: • Disadvantages:
The only disadvantage of such type of
It has low initial cost. arrangement is that the complete supply is
disturbed on the occurrence of the fault.
It requires less maintenance.
The arrangement provides the less flexibility
It is simple in operation. and hence used in the small substation where
continuity of supply is not essential.

Different types of BUS BARS: Different types of BUS BARS:

2.Single Bus-Bar Arrangement 2.Single Bus-Bar Arrangement

With Bus Sectionalized° With Bus Sectionalized
• Advantages: • Disadvantages:
The faulty section is removed without affecting
the continuity of the supply. The system uses the
The maintenance of the individual section can additional circuit breaker
be done without disturbing the system supply.
and isolator which increases
The system has a current limiting reactor which
decreases the occurrence of the fault.
the cost of the system.

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Different types of BUS BARS: Different types of BUS BARS:

3.Main and Transfer Bus 3.Main and Transfer Bus

Arrangement° Arrangement
• Steps for transferring • Advantages:
from one bus to another The continuity of the supply remains same even in the fault. When the fault
occurs on any of the buses the entire load is shifted to the another bus.

The potential of both the bus bar kept same by
closing the bus coupler.
The bus bar on which the load is transferred is kept
close.
The repair and maintenance can easily be done on the bus bar without
disturbing their continuity
The maintenance cost of the arrangement is less.
The potential of the bus is used for the operation of the relay.

The load can easily be shifted on any of the buses.

Open the main bus bar.

Different types of BUS BARS: Different types of BUS BARS:

3.Main and Transfer Bus 4.Double Bus Double Breaker

Arrangement Arrangement
• Disadvantages: • Advantages:
In such type of arrangements, two bus bars are This type of arrangement provides the maximum
used which increases the cost of the system. reliability and flexibility in the supply. Because the fault
and maintenance would not disturb their continuity.

The fault on any of the bus would cause the The continuity of the supply remains same because the
complete shutdown on the whole substation. load is transferrable from one bus to another on the
occurrence of the fault.

Different types of BUS BARS: Different types of BUS BARS:

4.Double Bus Double Breaker 5.Sectionalized Double Bus

Arrangement Bar Arrangement.°
• Disadvantages: • Advantages:
This type of arrangement provides the maximum reliability and
In such type of arrangement two buses and flexibility in the supply. Because the fault and maintenance would not
two circuit breakers are used which increases disturb their continuity.
the cost of the system.
The continuity of the supply remains same because the load is
transferrable from one bus to another on the occurrence of the fault.

Their maintenance cost is very high. Any section of the busbar removes from the circuit for maintenance
and it is connected to any of the auxiliary bus bars.

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Different types of BUS BARS:
5.Sectionalized Double Bus
Bar Arrangement.
• Disadvantages:
In such type of arrangement two buses and
two circuit breakers are used which increases
the cost of the system.
Their maintenance cost is very high.
Different types of BUS BARS:
6. One and a Half Breaker
Arrangement
• Disadvantages:
The circuit becomes complicated
because of the relaying system.
Their maintenance cost is very
high.
Different types of BUS BARS:
7. Ring Main Arrangement
• Disadvantages:
Difficulties occur in the addition of
the new circuit.
Overloading occurs on the system if
any of the circuit breakers is opened.
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Different types of BUS BARS:
6. One and a Half Breaker
Arrangement
• Advantages:
It protects the arrangement against the loss of
supply.
The potential of the bus bar is used for operating
the relay.
In such type of arrangement, the additional
circuits are easily added to the system.
Different types of BUS BARS:
7. Ring Main Arrangement
• Advantages:
Such type of arrangement will provide two paths for the
supply. Thus the fault will not affect their working.
The fault is localized for the particular section. Hence the
complete circuit is not affected by the fault.
In this arrangement, a circuit breaker can be maintained
without interrupting the supply.
Different types of BUS BARS:
8. Mesh Arrangement
• Advantages:
When a fault occurs on any section,
two circuit breakers have to open,
resulting in the opening of the mesh.
Such type of arrangement provides
security against bus-bar fault.
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Different types of BUS BARS:

8. Mesh Arrangement
• Disadvantages:
lacks switching
facility.