BUILDINGS

IRREGULAR
ITIES
 VERTICAL
● Mass irregularity
● Stiffness irregularity
● Vertical geometric irregularity

INDEX ● Vertical discontinuity

HORIZONTAL
● Asymmetrical plan
BUILDING IRREGULARITIES ● Re-entrant corners
● Non parallel system
● Diaphragm discontinuity
 Vertical Building
Irregularities
Vertical irregularities are defined by
vertical discontinuities in the distribution
of mass, stiffness, and strength.
Type of vertical irregularities
Mass irregularity
●
● Stiffness irregularity
● Vertical geometric irregularity
● Vertical discontinuity
irregularity
 Types of vertical irregularities in building
Mass Irregularity Stiffness Irregularity
lateral stiffness of the SFRS in a storey: < 70% of
Mass irregularity exists when the weight of any storey is
that in any adjacent storey, or
more than 200% of that of its adjacent storey.
< 80% of the average stiffness of the 3 storeys
above or below.
 Types of vertical irregularities in building
Geometric Irregularity
Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where
the horizontal dimension of the SFRS in any storey is more than
130 percent of that in an adjacent storey.
Discontinuity Irregularity
In-plane discontinuity- An in-plane offset of the lateral
load-resisting elements greater than the length of those elements.
Discontinuity in capacity- A weak storey is one in which the storey
strength is less than 80 % of that in the storey above. The storey
strength is the total strength of all seismic-resisting elements
shearing the storey shear for the direction under consideration.
Horizontal Building Type of horizontal irregularities

Irregularities ●
●
Asymmetrical plan
Re-entrant corners
● Non parallel system
Horizontal irregularity is defined as a
● Diaphragm discontinuity
discontinuity in the building's plan.
 Types of horizontal irregularities in building
Asymmetrical Plan
Re-entrant Concern
Plan Irregularity refers to asymmetrical plan shapes or
discontinuities in horizontal resisting elements such as Re-Entrant corner irregularity is defined to exist
cut- outs, large openings etc., resulting to torsion, where both plan projections of a building beyond a
diaphragm deformation and stress concentration. Plan re-entrant corner is greater than 15 percent of the
irregularity is further classified as torsional irregularity,
plan dimension of the building in given direction
re-entrant corner, diaphragm discontinuity, out of plane
offsets and non parallel systems.
 Types of horizontal irregularities in building
Non- parallel system
Non-parallel system irregularity exist where the vertical
lateral force-resisting elements are not parallel to the
major orthogonal axes of the seismic force- resisting
system. Architects generally plan the structures according
to the site orientation and shape.
Diaphragm discontinuity
Diaphragm is defined as discontinuities or
variations in stiffness and mass in the form of
slab openings and variation in slab thicknesses
is called as diaphragm discontinuity