Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study

● Provides a “situationer” (context of your study; stating the issue or problem)
● Explains the reason for choosing the research topic
● Creates the need for the study
● Discuss the ideal situation, then discuss the existing situation. Point out the gap
between the ideal and the existing situations. This gap is the problem that your study
aims to address.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
● Given the problem, state the Main Objective of your study. What do you hope to
achieve at the end of your study?
● The problem has many specific sub-parts or aspects that need to be addressed by
your study. Point them out as your Sub-objectives. What do you aim to do with each of
these sub-parts or aspects of the problem? Write the objectives in statement form.
1.2.1 Objectives (in statement form)
1.3 Significance of the Study
● Mentions who are to benefit from the study and how each may be benefitted
● Discusses the value of the study to individuals, groups, institutions, and to the
discipline
1.4 Theoretical Background
There are many ways of studying a problem. What will be your approach in studying
your problem? In this section, discuss the theory or theories that you intend to use as
basis for constructing your approach into studying your problem. You should be able to
present the interconnectedness of the theories already written about. These shall lead
to your Conceptual Framework.
1.5 Conceptual Framework
Using the theories presented in your theoretical background, construct your conceptual
framework that you plan to use as your approach into studying your problem. This
framework will inform (or will become the basis for) your Methodology. This is typically
presented as a diagram, with an accompanying written discussion.
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study
● Contains the scope and coverage of the research
● Exclusions in the study
1.7 Definition of Terms
This section presents only the important terms included in the title and the study that
needs to be made operational. The terms should be defined as it is used in your study.
Ex. At Contact – give the operational definition; not based on the dictionary definition
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
You are expected to build on what has already been done on your area of study.
In this section, you are to present what other scholars have already written or
researched about. This includes case studies of similar structures.
Present related literature according to themes or sub-topics, not according to
sources. When you present information that is not yours, always paraphrase it (or
expressing it in your own words); or, if you want to present an information as is (or word
for word), use “quotation marks”. In both cases, always cite your sources. Observe the
proper APA format for citations.
Do not plagiarize!
At the end of this chapter, provide a summary of all related literature presented.
Conceptual framework
theoretical framework
Chapter 3: Methodology
The introductory paragraph specifies and qualifies the research design (or strategy)
used.
Research Design/Framework
● Showcases the entire thesis process from the start to end
● Reflected in a diagram to show the relationship of each section. (Note: Your
Conceptual Framework should be reflected in this section, as your approach into
studying your problem will inform your Methodology).
Research Procedures
● Provide the chronological, step-by-step activities for data gathering and data
analyzing that you will undertake in your study (Note: For final submission after the oral
defense, this chapter should be in past tense).
● Always refer to your Objectives and Conceptual Framework as basis for crafting your
procedures.
● For every procedure presented, you may present any or all of the following:
 o Research Environment
▪ Describes the locale/venue of the research
▪ Includes a map, if necessary
o Research Respondents
▪ Describes the population and the sample to be surveyed (if applicable)
▪ Provides reason for the selection of the population and sample (if
applicable)
▪ Describes the sampling method to be used and shows how the sample
was derived (if applicable)
▪ Describes the respondents being interviewed, and the respondents
(people or organizations) from whom you collected data from
▪ Describes the respondents who participated in a focus group discussion
(if applicable)
o Research Instruments
▪ Describes the instruments to be used in gathering data
▪ Describes how the instruments were designed
▪ Describes how the instruments will be pre-tested for validity and
reliability
o Gathering of Data. Describes how primary and secondary data
were collected.
o Analysis of Data. Describes how the data were treated for
meaning. Presents the statistical tools used in treating the data.
● Coordination Schema. It is a tabulation that shows how your sub-objectives and
corresponding parameters (or factors, or variables) are accounted for. Below is an
example.
Chapter 4. References