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Multiple Choice 2 Heat Treatment Carbon Content Preheat
Multiple Choice 2 Heat Treatment Carbon Content Preheat
CARBON CONTENTS
1. What is the effect of tempering after quenching?
a. Toughness and strength are increased.
b. Toughness and strength are reduced.
c. Toughness reduced and strength are increased.
d. Toughness increased and strength are reduced.
e. Toughness increased and hardness increased.
3. What is the possible effect of having the heat input too low during welding?
a. Low toughness, entrapped hydrogen and low hardness
b. High hardness, lack of fusion and entrapped hydrogen
c. Entrapped hydrogen, low toughness and high ductility
d. Lack of fusion, low toughness and a reduction in ductility
5. Which of the following is applicable for the HAZ on a C/Mn steel weld if the heat input increases:
a. Both hardness and width is increased
b. Hardness decreases, width increases
c. Both hardness and width decreases
d. Hardness increases, width decreases
7. Which of the following is applicable to the heat treatment process of normalizing carbon-manganese
steel
a. It is always carried out below the lower critical limit
b. It is carried out to ensure the material has maximum tensile strength
c. It is carried out to ensure the material is of maximum ductility and malleability in preparation
for extensive cold working operations
d. It is carried out at approx. 910C for the purpose of grain refinement
11. A large HAZ grain size, caused by high heat input welding of a C-Mn steel, may show …
a. low ductility
b. low toughness
c. high toughness
d. high hardness
12. The temperature range over which a steel goes from having high toughness to low toughness …
is called….
a. the critical transformation temperature
b. the ductility dip temperature
c. the bi-modal temperature
d. the transition temperature
13. Exceeding the maximum inter-pass temperature specified for a C-Mn steel weld joint, may give ….
a. excessive porosity
b. burn through
c. lower toughness
d. all of the above
14. The highest and lowest heat input positions are considered to be ….
a. PF highest; PG lowest
b. PE highest; PC lowest
c. PD highest; PB lowest
d. PB highest; PA lowest
15. The main reason for pre-heating steel prior to welding is:
a. To reduce distortion
b. To reduce residual stresses in the finished joints
c. to reduce the risk of hydrogen cracking
d. to drive out any moisture from the base materials
16. The heat affected zone HAZ of a C-Mn steel that is welded using very low heat input may show…
a. higher hardness
b. low residual stress
c. high ductility
d. low srength
17. Carbon equivalent values (CEV's) for steel are used to:
a. estimate HAZ toughness
b. asesss the risk of lamellar tearing
c. determine the preheat to be used
d. the root face is too large
20. Which of the following applies to the heat treatment process of tempering
a. It is always carried out at a temperature above upper critical limit.
b. It is carried out to increase the strength and toughness of weldments.
c. Tempering is generally carried out before quench hardening
d. None of the above
21. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reduction in one of the following properties?
a. Ductility
b. Toughness
c. Elongation
d. Penetration
24. Which of the following heat treatments on steel cools down in air from the austenite region?
a. Normalizing
b. Annealing
c. Tempering
d. Stress relieving
25. Which of the following will most likely require the preheat temperature to be increased?
a. An increase in travel speed
b. A reduction in material thickness
c. An increase in electrode diameter
d. None of the above
27. What are the possible results of having a heat input to low?
a. An increase in hardness, lower yield strength and lack of fusion
b. A reduction in toughness, hydrogen entrapment and an increase in hardness
c. Entrapped hydrogen, an increase in hardness and lack of fusion
d. Entrapped hydrogen, a reduction in carbon content and lack of fusion
31. In steel the element with the greatest effect on hardness is:
a. chromium
b. manganese
c. carbon
d. nickel
32. Applying preheat when welding carbon manganese steel is normally done to avoid:
a. slag inclusions
b. hydrogen cracking
c. lack of sidewall fusion
d. porosity
33. Which of the following mechanical properties of a weld in carbon manganese steel is most
affected if the heat input per unit length of weld is excessively high?
a. Elongation
b. Tensile strength
c. Hardness
d. Toughness
35. Pre-heating a carbon steel manual metal arc welding is carried out to minimize the risk of
a. scattered porosity
b. worm hole porosity
c. parent metal cracking
d. lack of penetration
37. Which of the following chemical elements has the greater effect on the harden ability of a
steel plate?
a. molybdenum
b. chromium
c. titanium
d. carbon
38. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reduction in one of the following properties?
a. ductility
b. toughness
c. fatigue strength
d. mechanical strength
40. In a steel, which has improved creep properties at elevated temperature, which one of the following
elements helps in this improvement?
a. tungsten
b. manganese
c. molybdenum
d. carbon
41. Welding procedures may require welds to be deposited at a controlled rate heat input.
High heat inputs would?
a. have poor profile
b. have larger grain size
c. have high hardness in the HAZ
d. have low elongation properties
42. A large grain structure in steels is said to produce:
a. low ductility values
b. low fracture toughness values
c. high fracture toughness values
d. high tensile strength
43. The process of tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after which of the following processes:
a. annealing
b. normalizing
c. hardening
d. stress releiving
48. What does pre heat prior to welding have an effect on:
a. hardenability
b. weldability
c. cooling rate
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
49. Pre-heating a low alloy steel, prior to welding, is done to minimize the risk of…..
a. porosity
b. excessive distortion
c. HAZ cracking
d. lack of fusion
50. Which of the following would be considered to be high heat input welding?
a. 550 J/mm
b. 55 J/mm
c. 5.5 J/mm
d. 5.0 KJ/mm
51. What is the arc energy for the following welding process parameters?
Amps 140, Volts 21, Travel speed 250mm/min.
a. 0.7 KJ/mm
b. 0.6 KJ/mm
c. 0.01 KJ/mm
d. 0.7 J/mm
52. Which of the following flame types would you expect to be used for the cutting of mild steel?
a. carburising flame
b. oxidising flame
c. reducing flame
d. neutral flame
56. A carbon manganese steel is being welded by MMA and the electrode run-out-lengths that
are being used are much shorter than specified by the WPS. This deviation may cause….
a. hydrogen cracking
b. solidification cracking
c. the HAZ toughness to be lower than specified
d. the HAZ hardness to be lower than specified
57. Which element has the greatest effect on the HAZ hardness of a C/Mn steel?
a. carbon
b. niobium
c. vanadium
d. aluminum
58. If a WPS may specifies pre-heating of a 75mm thick C-Mn steel plate with a CEV of 0.48
it will be to……
a. drive out moisture from the plate
b. increase resistance to HAZ hydrogen cracking
c. prevent the formation of carbides
d. improve the mechanical properties of the weld
59. Welds in C-Mn steels that have been made using very high heat input will show a reduction in…..
a. Tensile ductility
b. Charpy V-notch toughness
c. Fatigue strength
d. Creep resistance
60. During PWHT of a complex fabrication, it is heated to the soak temperature at a much faster
rate than specified by the procedure. This may……..
a. cause excessive oxidation
b. not allow sufficient time for stress relief to occur
c. introduce excessive compressive stresses
d. cause distortion
61. Carbon equivalent values (CEV) are used to determine how to avoid the risk of…….
a. hydrogen cracking
b. lamellar tearing
c. solidification cracking
d. weld decay
64. The hardest part of a multi-pass welded joint, assuming no post weld heat treatment has have
taken place is:
a. the HAZ on the cap
b. the HAZ on the root
c. the root
d. the cap
65. Is it permissible to allow a multi-pass butt weld to cool down between weld passes?
a. it should be up to the welding inspector
b. no the weld must be kept hot at all times
c. it defends on the welder
d. it defends on the specification
66. Welding a steel plate with a CE of 0.45 would require pre-heating to?
a. prevent the formation of sulphides
b. prevent hardening in the HAZ
c. prevent the formation of carbides
d. to reduce the amount of current required
67. Which of the following are considerations for the selection of a pre-heat temperature:
a. Carbon equivalent, joint design, welding process type and plate material quality
b. All joints over 25mm thick, hydrogen levels, welding process, carbon equivalent
c. Arc energy, material thickness, hydrogen scale and carbon equivalent
d. All of the above are considerations for the selection of a pre-heat temperature
69. Assuming that the welding process, material thickness, carbon equivalent and the welding
parameters to be the same, which of the following joint types would normally require
the highest pre-heat temperature
a. edge joint
b. lap joint
c. butt joint (single V)
d. tee joint (fillet)
70. Which of the following properties may be applicable to a carbon steel weld (CE 0.48) welded
without pre-heat?
a. Narrow heat affected zone and hardness value in excess of 400 HV
b. broad heat affected zone and hardness values in excess of 400 HV
c. a very tough and narrow heat affected zone
d. narrow heat affected zone and low hardness values
71. Which of the following test pieces taken from a charpy test on a C/Mn steel weld, welded
with a high heat input is most likely to have the lowest toughness
a. test piece taken from parent metal
b. test piece taken from weld metal
c. test piece taken from HAZ
d. all of the above values will be the same
72. Which is the correct heat input for the following parameters, amps 350, volts 32 and the
travel speed 310mm/min (MMA welding process)
a. 2.16 KJ/mm
b. 0.036 KJ/mm
c. 2160 KJ/mm
d. 3.6 KJ/mm
73. A multi pass MMA butt weld made on carbon steel consists of 5 passes deposited using
a 6mm diameter electrode. A 12 pass weld made on the same joint deposited using a 4mm
diameter electrode on the same material will have:
a. a lower heat input and a higher degree of grain refinement
b. a lower heat input and a coarse grain structure
c. a lower amount of distortion and a higher degree of grain refinement
d. a higher amount of distortion and a lower degree of grain refinement
74. An undesirable property of aluminum oxide residue, when welding is that it:
a. Decreases weld pool fluidity
b. Requires more heat to melt it when compared to aluminum
c. Causes the welder to travel to quickly
d. The presence of the oxide makes aluminum impossible to weld
75. Sress relief is not helpful in one of the following cases. Which one?
a. in improving resistance to stress corrosion cracking
b. in dimensional stability after machining improving
c. in lowering the peak residual stress
d. in softening the steel
76. What is the maximum hardness usually recommended for the HAZ of a medium
strength ferritic steel weld?
a. 100 DP Hv
b. 350 DP HV
c. 500 DP Hv
d. 750 DP Hv
77. You see a welder using oxy-acetylene flame with along feathered inner cone. What would be
the effect of this on carbon steel
a. the weld could be hard and brittle
b. the weld metal could be too soft
c. there will be no effect on the weld
d. the weld have undercut
79. Oxy pressure and nozzle size would imfluence what in flame cutting:
a. the temperature required for cut initiation
b. the ability to cut stainless steels
c. the depth of cut obtainable
d. none of the above
83. What is the term given for the area of a welded joint just outside the weld metal that has
undergone microstructural changes?
a. HAZ
b. the weld zone
c. fusion zone
d. all of the above terms may be used