/ The population of _< Spain and Europ Population and demography The population of a place is the number of people who inhabit a country, state, city or territory. Demography is the study of human populations. This includes thesize, structure and distribution of populations, as well as the changes in populations over time. ‘To measure population and demography, governments use two different types of surveys; an electoral roll and a census. In Spain, the organisation in charge of elaborating the electoral roll and other statistics about demography and population is the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica. The electoral roll and census Populations change over ime, Demographers study human * The electoral roll is a local government survey that populations. measures how many voting citizens live in a city. The electoral roll is taken by the city hall every year, and includes information about citizens’ economic and social situation. * A census is a type of national government survey that measures the number of inhabitants in a country and other characteristics. In Spain, a census is taken every ten years. The civil registry The civil registry is another government agency, which keeps records ‘on important events in the lives of its population, such as births, deaths “ Atrend is when and marriages. something becomes As well as the electoral roll, census and civil registry, the government P°P4!*" also conducts other surveys, the results of which give statistics on trends in the population. a o « cad In your own words, explain the difference between an electoral roll and a census. Why do you think a census is taken every ten years? What are »# the advantages and disadvantages of this?The population of Spain (I) Mortality and birth rates The mortality rate, or death rate is the number of people who have died in a specific place during a specific time. A high mortality rate decreases the population. The birth rate is the number of babies born in a certain place at a certain time. It helps to increase the population. The more babies born in a country during a year, the higher the birth rate is for that country. Emigration and immigration Emigration is the number of citizens who leave their home country and go to a different country to live. This can cause a decrease in population. People who emigrate are called emigrants. Immigration happens when people from other countries come to live in a country. These people are called immigrants. Immigration can cause an increase in the population if many people come to the country to live and work. Emigration and immigration are both forms of migration. - wv ae Immigration is when people from other countries go to live and work in another county. Copy and complete these sentences with the key terms in the box. birth rate deathrate emigration immigration _ migration 1 is the number of deaths (per 1000 people) that occur in a country in one year. 2... occurs when people leave their country of birth to live in another country. 3... is migration into a country from another country. ... is the number of live births (per 1000 people of the population) that occur in a given year. 5 Immigration and emigration are both types of .... This is the general movement of many people from one country to another. egsiaton, 2 selling> © The population of Spain (Ill) ll General characteristics Spain has got a population of more than 47.3 million people. The last census was conducted in 2011, and in that year, Spain's population was 47190494. The results of the census showed that Spain had a positive natural growth, as the birth rate (472000) was higher than the mortality rate (388000). However, the real growth of Spain was negative as there were more emigrants (580000) than immigrants (457000). Natural growth in Spain 1 ere Natural growth of Spain’s, population in 2013 ity ot cout cory of Metts [EEE] Positive natura growth TH Necetivs natura growth 1 Explain the difference between natural and real growth. whe (Qa) Look at the map above. Explain to a partner what the map shows. 3 b) With your partner, write down three possible reasons why some areas of Spain have a positive natural growth and others don't. Compare your answers as a class. 3 Arethe sentences True or False? Correct the false ones in your notebook. 1 Spain has got a population of more than ten million people. 2. The last census in Spain was conducted in 2011. 3. According to the last census, Spain had a negative natural growth and a positive real growth. BEPopulation density If the people living in Spain were evenly distributed across Spain's territory, there would be about 93 people per square kilometre (km?) of land. This is called the population density. It is calculated by dividing the total population by the total area (in km?) of the country. Population density in Spain e 3 ; , Ke ee ey alles aol 4) 9 oaNanristanos / eno a eZ ‘ Population density (peopleskm?) in Spain in 2013, ‘Over 500 Sf [Ei Fre 15110500 [ai Fem st 10 150 Population distribution Spain's population is not equally distributed throughout the country. Most people live on the islands and coasts, leaving Spain's interior with much lower populations, with the exception of large cities like Madrid. People also gravitate towards cities to find work, leaving villages and the rural areas of Spain unpopulated. Many villages are now uninhabited ‘ghost towns’ because their populations left to find work in cities. This is called rural exodus. 4 Look at the map showing population density in Spain and answer the questions in full sentences. 1. Which area has got the highest population density? Why do you think this is? 2 Which areas have got the lowest population density? Why do you think this is?Population and migration Until 1975, Spain could be considered a country of emigrants, with people moving within Spain as well as to other countries (predominantly to America and then later, to other European countries). However, since 1995, Spain has become a country of immigrants. In 2013, there were 5.5 million immigrants from Latin America, Africa and Asia living in Spain. Catalonia, Madrid, Andalucia and Valencia are the regions of Spain with the greatest number of immigrants. Do you know anyone in your family or school who is an immigrant from a different country? Do you know anybody who has emigrated from Spain to a different country? Where did they go? Why did they leave? Population, age and work A population can be classified either as an active population or inactive population. * The active population consists of people who are sixteen years of age or older and who are eligible to work. There are two more categories within the active population: there is the working (employed) population, which consists of the people in the active population who have got jobs and are paid a salary. The unemployed population are the people who have just begun to look for their first job, as well as people who haven't got a job at the moment. The inactive population is made up of students, people who take care of their families at home, people who are unable to work for health reasons, retired people, and people who work as volunteers at charitable organisations. The inactive population consists of people who cannot work for any reason, as well as people who work without receiving any money for their labour. Currently, one very big problem is the high number of people who are unemployed. There are not enough jobs for everyone who needs to work, Plus, many qualified young people who are unable to find work in Spain must go to other countries. This causes brain drain, a phenomenon in which many young, well-educated people in a place leave that place to find work. Work with a partner. Imagine that you and your partner are employed by the government to solve the problem of unemployment in Spain. Focus on how you can solve this problem and write a 5-step plan of action. Then, present your proposal to the class. tony " Ga)Europe’s population (I) Look at the maps below. Map (@)shows population density in Europe. Map (6) shows the population growth in Europe by percentage. Popuation gensity {pooplero) ‘ountyin 20" faunas tae Population densiy in Europe Shy sh Population growth in Europe 1 Work with a partner. Analyse the population density map of Europe and answer the questions. - ‘1 Which countries in Europe are the most densely populated? 2 Which countries are the least densely populated? 3 Which country has got a denser population, Spain or Germany? Why? 2 Answer the questions about population growth in Europe. 1 Which country has got greater population growth, Spain or the UK? Why do you think this is? 2 Portugal has got a negative population growth. What could be some reasons for Portugal's decreased population? 3 Which country in Europe has got the greatest population growth?Europe’s population (Il) Europe's population is increasing because there are more births than deaths; more people are also immigrating to Europe and staying there compared with people who emigrate from Europe. However, Europe's population is ageing because life expectancy (the number of years people live) is increasing and fewer children are born each year. 7 2) Inyour own words, explain what life expectancy means. b) Why is Europe's population ageing? \2 a) Which four countries have got the largest populations in Europe? b) Which two countries listed have got the smallest populations in Europe? 46, “catcute the difference in population distribution between SUF these countries. 1. France and the United Kingdom 2. Germany and Italy 3. Spain and Poland ‘@ Investigate which countries immigrants from outside of Europe come from and which European countries they mostly go to. Hint! Subtract 2 lesser percents from the greate percentage to‘ the difference. b o) \RRR RE PR RRR Re Ree eee eee ERR The population of Andalucia General characteristics Andalucia is the most populated community in Spain of 8440300 inhabitants. For a number of years, the population of Andalucia grew, due to the arrival of immigrants the return of emigrants and an increase in births and a decrease in deaths. However, in the last year, the population of Andalucia, has decreased due to a reduction in the number of births, the emigration of many young people to other countries or communities in search of work, and the return of many immigrants to their countries of origin. The natural growth of Andalucia is positive, because the number of births is greater than the number of deaths. However, the real growth is negative because there are more emigrants leaving the community than immigrants entering it. Population density The density of the population in Andalucia is calculated at ninety-six inhabitants per square kilometre. If we compare this with other Spanish communities, Andalucia is less densely populated even though it has a high population. Population distribution There is an unequal population distribution throughout the territory of Andalucia. The most populated zones of the community are the provincial capitals and their surrounding areas, especially on the coasts-and in the Guadalquivir Valley. Sevilla is the most heavily populated. The less populated areas are the mountainous zones of the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System. Huelva is the least populated area in Andalucia. Why is the natural growth of Andalucia positive but the real growth is negative? _ Work with a partner. Look for information and statistics on the population of your province. Calculate the natural growth and the real growth.Looking to the future Our world has got a very large population: over seven billion people live on Earth today. In 2050, that number is expected to increase to nine or even ten billion! Part 1: My hopes for the future Write down five things that you want for yourself, as well as five things that you want for the larger world society in twenty years. Your teacher will collect the class responses. What were the most common responses? Will these goals be difficult to accomplish? Part 2: News and views Step 1 Find tworecent news articles relating to one of the following topics: * Air pollution —_* Endangered animals * Climate change * Energy * Population * Immigration growth ‘* Water resources * Housing or homelessness Your articles may be from the Internet or a newspaper. If you find an article online, you must print the article for the activity. Step 2 Write a short summary of each article and then bring your articles to class. With your classmates, create a news notice board in your classroom. Step 3 Form groups of three to four people and create a short (five minute) news programme about your topic, using the articles from the notice board. Step 4 Present it! You may record your news programme with a _ video camera, tablet, or phone and play it for the class, or your group may perform it live in front of the class._— m Check what you know! e Work in your oreo? cl - ! @ Inyour own words, explain the differences between an electoral roll and a census. 1) @ Answer the questions in complete sentences in your notebook. fe What are four factors that affect the population? Does mortality rate increase the population? How does immigration affect the population? What is the term used to describe the number of babies born? What are emigration and immigration both forms of? wn Does Spain have a positive or negative natural growth? b) Does Spain have a positive or negative real growth? c) Explain the difference between the two. ~ @ Define these terms in your notebook. 2. birth rate 3 brain drain 5 life expectancy 6 death rate 9 population s 1 birthplace 2 4 citizens 7 demography 8 migration ‘© Which two countries in Europe are the most densely populated? vas, What caused Spain to change from a country of 3,3, emigrants to a country of immigrants? With a partner, think of a list of possible reasons and then share them with your class. @ @) Is the population of Andalucia equally distributed? b) Which area is the less populated of Andalucia? ¢) Which area is the most populated of Andalucia? My Word list active population birth rate brain drain census civil registry death (mortality) rate demography electoral roll emigration immigration inactive population life expectancy migration natural growth population population density real growth rural exodus statistics surveys unemployed population working (employed) population