Olajide Adeola Faith

Group 19
a)   Calculate standardized rates by direct method. For the standard take the sum of infants by
way if feeding in 2 districts.

b)   Make comparison of crude rates, specific rates and standardized rates.

c)   Draw conclusion about the effect of way of feeding on rickets cases.

Crude mortality rate:-

Dist A = 80/400 x 1000 = 0.2

Dist B = 100/500 x 1000 = 0.2

Expected rates:-

A:-

100/1000 x 300 = 30

200/1000 x 300 = 60

300/1000 x 300 = 90

Total = 180

B:-

100/1000 x 300 = 30

150/1000 x 300 = 45

300/1000 x 300 = 90

Total = 165

Standardized rates:-

A = 180/900 x 1000 = 200

B = 165/900 x 1000 = 183

Specific rates:-

A:-

20/200 x 1000 = 100































































































 20/100 x 1000 = 200

30/100 x 1000 = 300

B:-

10/100 x 1000 = 100

30/200 x 1000 = 150

60/200 x 1000 = 300

Task 5

IUD

























advantages include: Disadvantages
• It is highly effective, with a 98-99 • Menorrhagia is a frequent complaint, as are
percent success rate over five years dysmenorrhea and polymenorrhea. These
of IUD use are the major reasons for IUD discontinuation
• It can be used by almost any woman as well
including nulliparous • It doesn’t offer any protection against
• Its action lasts for ten years if it is sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
not removed in between • There is a slight risk (1 percent) of acquiring
• The onset of action is immediate uterine infection during IUD insertion within
20 days of the procedure. This is increased if
• It is independent of sexual activity the woman is prone to STIs. Women should
• It doesn’t interfere with intercourse be tested for gonorrhea or chlamydia before
insertion, and for any other organism if they
• It is suitable for lactating women
so request. Fortunately, pelvic infections with
• Fertility returns promptly on the IUD in utero can be treated adequately
discontinuation without removing the device
• It can be used by women who are on • If a woman becomes infected with an STI
any type of medication with an IUD in situ, pelvic inflammatory
• It is not associated with cancer of disease may result without adequate
any organ unlike hormonal treatment
contraception • Expulsion of the IUD may occur especially
• It does not cause weight gain following or during the periods in the first
three months. This is more commonly the
• It does not usually affect mood or case in nulliparous women, or those who had
sex drive it inserted immediately post-partum or post-
It is also suitable for women who cannot abortion. The risk is approximately 5 percent.
If the device is expelled and the loss is
use estrogen-containing contraceptives, noticed only after a few days, backup
such as: contraception should be immediately adopted
• Those with a history of venous • Uterine perforation may occur in 0.1 percent
thromboembolism of women during insertion. This may manifest
• Those with stroke, myocardial as lower abdominal pain. Perforation will
infarction, or other forms of arterial require surgical removal
disease • There is a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy if
• Those with long-standing diabetes conception occurs with an IUD in situ, though
pregnancies are very rare with this method
• Those subject to migraines
• Women over 35 years who smoke
heavily