7

SUPPLEMENTAL LEARNING MATERIAL

EXPLORATORY

INTRODUCTION TO SPTVE
SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Quarter 4 Module 1

Content Standards The learner demonstrates an understanding of underlying theories,

and principles in agriculture.
Performance The learner explains the basic fundamentals in agricultural crop and
Standards animal production.
Learning LO1. Explains the Basic Principles and Theories In Agriculture.
Competency

Name: _______________________________ Year/Sec. ____________

Parents Signature: _______________ Date: ____________

1
2
ABSTRACTION
Information Sheet LO #1
Basic Principles and Theories in Agriculture
Principle- is a basic truth or the source or origin of something or
someone.

Theories- a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain

something, especially one based on general principles
independent of the thing to be explained.

AGRICULTURE is the cultivation of animals, plants and fungi for food,

fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to
sustain and enhance human life.

BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE

The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and

its development has been driven and defined by greatly different
climates, cultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on
large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural
methodology.
The 1st inhabitants to live in the Philippines were the
PYGMIES called "NEGRITOS" , "AETAS" or "ITAS". They emanated
from Central Asia and depended on the nature's resources for their
foods in order to survive.
Majority of the Population of the countryside or rural areas
obtain their income and food through agriculture by raising crops,
livestock, fish, and forest.

3
4
5
6
 Branches of Agriculture
There exist four main branches of agriculture, namely;

 Livestock production
 Crop production
 agricultural economics
 agricultural engineering.

1) LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

a. Nomadic Pastoralism
This is the keeping of cattle, while moving from one region
in search of pasture and clean water.

7
b. Poultry Farming
The rearing of poultry such us chicken, goose, turkey, duck,
pigeon etc.

c. Pig farming
Is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and
is a branch of animal husbandry.

d. Apiculture
Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing
honeybees. “The word ' apiculture ' comes from the Latin word
'apis' meaning bee. So, apiculture or beekeeping is the care and
management of honey bees for the production of honey and wax.

8
e. Aquaculture
Aquaculture is breeding, raising, and harvesting fish,
shellfish, and aquatic plants. Basically, it's farming in water.

2. CROP PRODUCTION

a. Field crop include:

 Annual crops are plants that complete their life cycle in one
year. They germinate, grow, bear fruits and die off within a
year. Generally, all herbs and plants belonging to the grass
family exhibit this type of life cycle. Mustard, watermelon,
corn, lettuce wheat, are a few examples of annual plants.

 Biennials are plants that complete their life cycle in two

years. They germinate, develop a root system, stem and
leaves in the first year. Later in their second year, they yield
flowers and bear fruit. A few herbs are also classified as
biennials, including spinach. Along with spinach and other
herbs, biennials also include carrot, cabbage, petunias
radish, onions, etc.

 Perennials are plants which complete their life cycle in more

than two years. Once they grow, they start to bear flowers,
9
 produce fruits, seeds and the cycle continues for a longer
period of time. They do not die after bearing fruits but renew
their parts, season after season. Along with a few shrubs,
trees are all classified into perennials. For e.g. tomatoes,
ginger, banana, mango, coconut, palm, banyan,etc.

b. Horticultural crops entail:

(i) Pomology is growing of fruits

(ii) Olericulture is the growing of

vegetables such as French
beans, Cabbages and
Tomatoes.

(ii) Floriculture is the growing of

flowers such as Tuberose,
Roses and Carnations. Among
other crops

c) Farm tools and machinery

Agriculture engineering is a branch
of agriculture that deals with use and
maintenance of farm tools, machinery
and structures.

d) Marketing agricultural produce

Agriculture economics is a branch of agriculture which deals with
the utilization of scarce resources. It aims at maximizing output while
minimizing costs

10
 Written Work #1
Matching Me Up

Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write

only the letter of your choice on the blank space provided on column A.
Use CAPITAL LETTERS only.

Column A
1. Poultry farming __ 6. Pomology __
2. Pig farming __ 7. Olericulture __
3. Apiculture __ 8. Floriculture __
4. Aquaculture __ 9. Perennials __
5. Nomadic Pastoralism__ 10. Annuals __

Column

Parents Signature: ________________________________

Date: ________________

11
 Written Work #2
Who Thou Art
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. Identify and choose the
answer on the box. Write your answer on the blank.

Aswan Annual crops

Mideast Old Stone Age
Pygmies Hunter gatherers
Agriculture Agriculture economics
Perennials Crops Agriculture engineering

1. ________________ is the cultivation of animals, plants and fungi

for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to
sustain and enhance human life.
2. ________________ The 1st inhabitants to live in the Philippines
3. ________________ Period wherein human obtained foods by
hunting wild animals and gathering plants.
4. ________________ The earliest human lived in small bands of
several families.
5. ________________ it’s a place of agriculture origin in middle east.
6. ________________ an ancient city of Egypt wherein it is also one
of the place which agriculture originated.
7. ________________ It is a branch of agriculture which deals with
the utilization of scarce resources. It aims at maximizing output
while minimizing costs
8. ________________ It is a branch of agriculture that deals with use
and maintenance of farm tools, machinery and structures.
9. ________________Are plants that complete their life cycle in one
year.
10. ____________ These are plants which complete their life
cycle in more than two years.

Parents Signature: ________________________________

Date: ________________
12