BRANCHES

OF
AGRICULTURE
There are four main branches of
agriculture, namely;

1.Livestock Production or Animal

Husbandry
2.Crop Production or Agronomy
3.Agricultural Economics
4.Agricultural Engineering
I. Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry
Animal Husbandry is the branch of agriculture
concerned with animals that are raised for meat,
fiber, eggs, or other products. The term "livestock"
encompasses many species and numerous breeds
within animal species which can produce food and
other raw materials. Livestock production or
Animal Husbandry has 4 common classifications
such as:
a.) Nomadic Pastoralism is the husbandry of grazing
animals is viewed as an ideal way of making a living and
the regular movement of all or part of the society is
considered a normal and natural part of life. Pastoral
nomadism is commonly practice where climatic conditions
produce seasonal pastures but cannot support sustained
stationary agriculture because of the animals’ food
limitations.
b.) Poultry Farming is the raising of birds
domestically or commercially, primarily for meat
and eggs as well as for feathers. Chickens,
turkeys, ducks, and geese are of primary
importance, while guinea fowl and squabs (young
pigeons) are chiefly of local interest.
c.) Swine Farming is the raising and
breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and
is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are
farmed principally for food (e.g. pork,
bacon, gammon) or sometimes skinned.
d.) Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing
honeybees. So, apiculture or also known as
beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees
for the production of honey and the wax. In this
method of apiculture, bees are bred commercially in
apiaries, an area where a lot of beehives can be placed.
Apiaries can be set up in areas where there are
sufficient bee pastures – usually areas that have
flowering plants
II. Crop Production or Agronomy
It is the science dealing with the cultivation of
crops and vegetables on a field scales either under
rain fed or irrigation conditions. These crops are
mainly annuals cultivated food. The requirements
of each crop are studied in terms of soil and
climate, as well as planting time and techniques,
different cultivars, fertilization, weed, disease, and
insect control, as well as the effect of stress
factors.
 Crop Production or Agronomy includes:
:

a. Horticulture is the science and art of growing and

caring for plants, especially flowers, fruits, and
vegetables. As a general term, it covers all forms of
garden management, but in ordinary use it refers to
intensive commercial production. Horticulture has 3
branches namely, pomology, olericulture and
floriculture.
• Pomology- is the branch of botany that
studies all fruits, specifically the science of
growing fruits and nuts As a branch of
horticulture, it focuses to the cultivation of
fruits, nuts, fruit bearing and nut-bearing
trees/plants for human use and consumption.
• Olericulture is the science and art of vegetable growing,
dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for
food. As language develops over long period of time, it is simply
defined as the science and art of growing vegetables crops. It
deals with the production, storage processing and marketing of
vegetables. It encompasses crop establishment, including
cultivar selection, seedbed preparation and establishment of
vegetable crops by seed and transplants.
• Floriculture- To elaborate, floriculture is an entire
gardening spectrum that is geared towards
understanding and improving all aspects of bud and
flower creation, including indoor lighting, growroom
requirements, greenhouse needs, plant nutrition,
irrigation, pest management, and breeding new
cultivars/strains.
III. Agricultural Economics is study of the
allocation, distribution and utilization of the
resources used, along with the commodities
produced, by farming. It concerns itself with the
study of the production and consumption of food
in both developed and developing countries along
with analysis of the policies that shape the world’s
largest country.
IV. Agricultural Engineering is the area of engineering
concerned with the design, construction and improvement of
farming equipment and machinery. Agricultural engineers
integrate technology with farming. They may also help engineer
solutions for pollution control at large farms. Some agricultural
engineers are developing new forms of biofuels from non-food
resources like algae and agricultural waste. Such fuels could
economically and sustainably replace gasoline without
jeopardizing the food supply
ACTIVITY (google form)
 TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND
ITS CLASSIFICATIONS
Types of Crops are divided into six falls into
categories and they’re as follows:
1. Food Crops
2. Feed Crops
3. Fiber Crops
4. Oil Crops
5. Ornamental Crops
6. Industrial Crops
Descriptions of Crops According to their
Categories:

I. Food Crops – A plant that is primarily raise,

culture and harvest for the human consumption. It
has two sub categories, the field crops and root
crops
a) Field crop is a crop (other than fruits or
vegetables) that is grown on a large scale for
agricultural purposes. Examples are wheat, rice,
corn, sugarcane and other forage crops. These crops
typically consist of a large majority of agricultural
acreage and crop revenues.
b) Root Crops – are underground plant parts
edible for human consumption.
II. Feed Crops – A plant that is primarily
raise, culture and harvest for the livestock
consumption.
III. Fiber Crops – A plant that is
primarily raise, culture and harvest for
its fibers which are used as raw
material.
IV. Oil Crops – A plant that is
primarily raise, culture and harvest as
base for biodiesel production.
V. Ornamental Crops – A plant that is
primarily raise and culture for decorative
purposes especially in gardens and
landscape design projects.
VI. Industrial Crops – A plant that is
cultured for their biological materials
which are used in industrial processes into
nonedible products. (Example: Tobacco)
 Classifications of Crops According to
Growth Habits

I. Herb – succulent plants with self-supporting stems.

II. Vines – herbaceous climbing or
twining plants without self-supporting
stem
III. Lianas – woody climbing or
twining plants which depend on other
plants for vertical support to climb up to
the tree.
IV. Shrubs – a small tree or tree like plants
generally less than 5 meters in height but
other authorities restricted to small, erect
woody plants.
V. Trees – plants having erect and
continuous growth with a large develop
of woody tissue, with a single distinct
stem or trunk.
VI. Evergreen – plants that maintain their
leaves throughout the year.
VII. Deciduous – plants which naturally
shed off or lose leaves annually for
extended periods.
Descriptions of Crops
According to their Life
SpaN
I. Annual crop is a plant that completes its
life cycle, from germination to production
of seed, within one growing season, and
then dies. Annual crops examples are rice,
corn and others.
II. Biennial crop is a plant that takes
two years to complete its biological
lifecycle. Its examples are cabbage,
parsley and others.
III. Perennial crop is a plant that lives more
than two years. The term is often used to
differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals
and biennials. The term is also widely used to
distinguish plants with little or no woody growth
from trees and shrubs, which are also technically
perennials.