CROP SCI.

2
PRACTICES OF CROP PRODUCTION
BY
GED,LA
CROP PRODUCTION
• Is art and science of producing crops
üAn art because producing crops provide aesthetic and beauty
üA science because crop production needs specific knowledge from planting to
harvesting.
üAimed at increasing productivity and quality of the products
üCovers the agricultural practices from planting to harvesting
üLong-term objective is to enhance the environment
Why do we have to eat food? You already know that energy from the food is
utilized by organisms for carrying out their various body functions, such as
digestion, respiration and excretion. We get our food from plants, or animals, or
both.
• When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large
scale, it is called a CROP.
Agronomy is a term derived from Latin words,Agros means field or
farm and Nomos pertaining to management.
Agronomic crops
Are annual herbaceous plants that are grown on farm under a system
of extensive or large scale culture.
They are:
1.Cereal or grain-belong to grass family Gramineae which are utilized
as staples such as rice the corn, sorghum and wheat.
2.Grain legumes or pulse-Consumed in dry seed form, good source of
protein, posses the ability to fix nitrogen from the air through
Rhizobium bacteria.
3.Fiber crops-source of fiber,kenaf,jute,ramie,cotton.
4.Root crops-source of carbohydrates,:casava,sweet potato
5.Forage legumes and grasses for animal fodder
Important grasses: Napier or elephant grass, Guinea
grass,paragrass,pangola grass, Alabang X.
Important legumes forages:centrosema,ipil-ipil,Townsville stylo,siratro.
6.Crops for industrial processing:Sugarcane,tobacco,castor bean.

HORTICULTURE
-derived from the Latin words “Hortus” meaning Garden and “Colere”
to Cultivate
 Horticultural Crops
Annual and perennial crops grown under a system of intensive culture
means require special care. They are:
1.Olericultural or Vegetable group
T h i s c o n s i st o f b ro a d ra n g e o f c ro p s i n c l u d i n g l e a f y, f r u i t
andvegetables.:Onions,garlic,tomato,eggplant,cabbage,sitao,wingbean,
ampalaya,watermelon and pechay.
2.Pomological or fruit crops-consumed fresh or in
process:mango,banana,pineapple,papaya,lanzones,rambutan,pumello,
durian,mongosteen.
3.Ornamental Crops-For cut flower industry and decoratived
purposes:orchids,anthorium ,rose,chrysanthemum,gladiolus.
4.Plantation Crops for industrial processing:
coconut,coffee,cacao,abaca,rubber,black paper,lemon grass,lagundi.
Agricultural practices:
Several activities undertaken by farmers from planting to harvesting
over a period of time.

(i) Preparation of soil (ii) Sowing (iii) Adding manure and fertilizers (iv)
Irrigation (v) Protecting from weeds (vi) Harvesting
(vii)Storage/postharvest