UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

School of Liberal Arts and Teacher Education

Balzain Highway, Tuguegarao City 3500

Name of Student:________________________ Year/Section:_____________

Subject:_______________________________ Teacher:______________

MODULE No. 5
TITLE: LOGIC
INTRODUCTIO Language is important to understand and express one’s ideas, feelings or
N opinion. Language serves as the transmitter of information and
knowledge. It helps to construct social entity. Misunderstanding of one’s
language leads to confusion and misconceptions.
Mathematics has its own language. It was designed so we can write about
things (numbers, sets, functions, etc.) and can do something (add,
subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) on those things. And just like human
languages, mathematics language consists of structural rules governing
the use of symbols representing mathematical objects.
LEARNING At the end of the topic, the students should be able to:
OBJECTIVES a) Discuss the language, symbols and conventions of mathematics.
b) Explain the nature as a language.
c) Perform operations on mathematical expressions correctly.
d) Acknowledge that mathematics is a useful language.

LOGIC
• Study of the principles of correct reasoning
• It helps us to differentiate correct reasoning from poor reasoning
• It allows us to validate arguments in and out mathematics
• It illustrates the importance of precision and conciseness of the language of Mathematics
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• It is a branch of mathematics with close connections to computers.

• It includes both the mathematical study of logic and the applications of formal logic to
other areas of mathematics.
• The importance of logic to mathematics cannot be overstated
• No conjecture in mathematics is considered fact until it has been logically proven and
truly valid mathematical analysis is done only within the rigors of logic.
• Part of the development is the codification of mathematical logic into symbols.
• With logic symbols and their rules for use, we can analyze and rewrite complicated logic
statements much like we do with algebraic statements.

STATEMENT OR PROPOSITION

• It is a declarative sentence that is true or false but not both.

• Propositional Variables such as p , q , r , s , t , etc . are used to represent propositions.

EXAMPLE:
1) San Fernando City is the capital of La Union.
ANSWER: PROPOSITION because it has truth value(TRUE).
2) The girl is beautiful and sexy.
ANSWER: NOT A PROPOSITION because it neither true or false.
3) Where are you going?
ANSWER: NOT A PROPOSITION because the sentence is interrogative.
4) Please give me some water.
ANSWER: NOT A PROPOSITION because the sentence is imperative.
5) Mt. Apo is the tallest mountain in the Philippines.
ANSWER: PROPOSITION because it is true. Mt. Apo is the tallest mountain in the
Philippines, having an elevation of 2,956 meters, which offers a wonderful scene.
6) 1+1=2
ANSWER: PROPOSITION because the sentence has truth value(TRUE).
7) x >5if x=3
ANSWER: PROPOSITION because the sentence has a truth value (FALSE.
8) x >6
ANSWER: NOT A PROPOSITION because the value of x is not given, hence, the
truth value of the statement cannot be determined.