Mud Plan Drilling Section Mud Weight (ppg) 0-350 ft 9.5 ppg 350 ft — $000 ft 9.5 ppg 5000 ft — 11100 ft 12.0 ppg 11100 ft_-14000 ft 16.8 ppg 14000 ft_-19000 ft 17.9 ppg Formation Fluid Gradient Drilling Section Gradient (Ib/ft) 0-350 ft 0.465 psi /ft 350 ft - 5000 ft 0.465 psi /ft 5000 ft - 11100 ft 0.597 psi /ft 11100 ft_-14000 ft 0.849 psi /ft 14000 ft -19000 ft 0.906 psi /ft EQUIVALENT MUD SPECIFIC WEIGHT (ppg) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Example for Mud Program Depth CasingjLiner Hole RKB-MD Diameter Diameter Picea Mud Type (ft) (Inches) (Inches) Ps) 0-350 30° 36° 95 FWB 350 - 5000 20° 26° 95 FWB —FCL or equivalent 5000 - 9200 95 FWB —FCL or equivalent 13318" wh 9200 - 11100 9.5 - 12.0 FOL-CL or equivalent +400 - 121000 12.0 -16.3 95/8” 12 1/4" FCL-CL or equivalent 121000-14000 16.3-16.8 14000 -19000 Tr 8%" 16.8 - 17.9 | —FOL-CLorequivalent Mud Type ‘Chemical Components of Seven Mud Types Oitased | Oibased | FreshBracksh | _ Line Gypsum Kei Sauraled | _ Ned Sat (CaCl, brine) | (NaCIbrine) | Sea Water treated ‘tealed tweated ‘NaCl (NaCl+KC! only) Ca(OH). NaCl CalOH), Ca(OH), CalOH)_ (NaOH or KOH NaOH NaOH or KOH CaCh, NaOH Nacl CaCl, CaSO, KCI gtcons) | NaCl Kel NaCl ‘NaOH NaCl NaCl ‘NaCl CaCl, NaCl Mac Mac, MaGl CaCl, Mach, CaCl, £0, MgCl, 605" Wal C0: co; Hoos | CO," HCO; HCO,” Petroleum Eng. BOCChoice of Drilling Fluid (Not Required Shale Inhibition Formation Protection Thermal Stability Tolerance to Contaminants Environmental Footprint Corrosion Inhibition Drilling Performance — Oil Based Mud — Ester Based Mud — LA0 system — KCcI/PHPA — KCI/Glycol system-Example (Not required ) : For Drilling Fluid Program for Intermediate 1 Hole 20" hole :- D 9.5 - 12.0 ppg Pressure Control MEV 55-60 sec Yp 16-18 Ib/ 100 #2 - : PV 10-15 op Cutting Transportation 10secGel_ [4-6 Ib/ 100 2 : ‘ 10 min Gel 115-20 Tb! 100 2 ‘Static Condition /Pump shut-off API Filt 10-15 cc Mud cake pH 9-10 Corrosion / Chemical effect Solid 6-8 % Sand <1 % Erosion Oil 1-8 % Lubrication / Viscosity Ca++ < 400 ppm Cation Exchange / Mud stability Lecturer:- Majid Abdalcadia Jaafas Petroleum Eng. BOCGeneral Review (Mud Properties ) ( Not required ) SURFACE HOLE PRODUCTION HOLE Condition Requirement Condition Requirement Soft Formation. High filtrate , thick mud Hard Formation Low filtrate , thin mud cake cake Big bit Size . Small bit Size . High viscosity Low Viscosity High ROP Low ROP Progressive - strong Progressive - Weak Low Temperature additives High Temperature Big size of cuttings bel shenalt ‘Small size of cuttings Gel Strength High viscosity High viscosity Low Pore Pressure Low Mud Density High Pore Pressure High Mud Density Progressive — strong Progressive — weak Shaka Gel Strength Deep Gel Strength No complex layers High filtrate complex layers Low filtrate Using genetic Using more complex chemical additives .General Review (Mud Properties ) ( Not required ) Property Function Surface Hole Production Hole D Pressure Control Low High MFV Field Indicator for viscosity High Low Yp Hydraulic Control / Cutting "i PV Transportation High Low 2 == a Static Condition /Pump shut-off High Low API Filt Mud cake Hig! Low pH Corrosion / Chemical effect 8-9 9-10 Solid 6-8 % 6-8 % Sand Erosion <1% <1 % Oil Lubrication / Viscosity Low High Ca++ Cation Exchange / Mud stability < 400 ppm <400 ppmGeneral Review (Mud Properties ) ( Not required ) ‘VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS® ‘MO: 6000 Tt] Operator: Petronas Sna Shot ‘Two: 6000 ft Well Name: KL 1 Pp ee EE ce eaten cas sovoea "| ‘oun Malan Dept Deny ge Tempe) AV (min) olen ing Prosar (8) rT i “| “DRILLING FLUID 200 soon VERSAPLUS Raat ince" ter waren oaTa i eens A | ee am tal sano ee Satan ae Saesccee crores Bees ol 1 ae oe Bees eCement Plan ( Density ) Oil well cementing is the process of mixing and displacing a slurry down the casing and up the annulus, behind the casing, where is allowed to ‘set’, thus bonding the casing to the formation. Some additional functions of cementing include: + Protecting producing formations + Providing support for the casing + Protecting the casing from corrosion + Sealing off troublesome zones + Protecting the borehole in the event of problems + Primary cementing > Casing Cementation The cementing takes place soon after the lowering of casing is called primary cementation. + Secondary cementing > Treatment Operation Any other operations where cement is pumped in a well either during drilling operation or in production phase* Cementing is one of the most important operation in drilling & producing a well. * Cement operation is a “one shot’ process with no second chance, unlike mud is run as a dynamic, continuously changing process. Cementing Equipments eo gg Tr .~————!—___—_, a co cs es Es ou besa i Lecturer:- Malid Abdalsadiq Jaafar Petroleum Eng. BOCCirculating Drilling Fluid eed ror Drilling fluidPumping Wash, Spacer and Cement Slurry Displacement }— Displacement fluid Cement slurry Top plug Spacer fluid Displacement Completed Job Lecturer:- Majid Ab PetroleumCement Wiper Plugs Top Wiper ] Plug Solid core Bottom Wiper Plug Rupture disk Hollow core Float = Lecturer:- Majid Abdalsad) Petroleum Eng. 80Main Type of Casing shoes Lecturer:- Majid PetroleumMain Type Of Casing CollarMain Type Of Stage Collartype of Centralizer Bow-Spring Centralizer Positive Centralizer (Rigid ) Qe = 1] Lecturer:- Majid Abdalsadiq Jaafar Petroleum Eng. BOCCentralizer Installation HTA. Primary Cementing Operation cementation cementation cementation Single Stage cementation Normally accomplished by pumping one batch of cement down the casing between two rubber plugs. The bottom plug is placed in the casing, followed by cement slurry. When the batch of cement has been pumped into the casing, a top plug is released. The top plug is pumped down until it lands on the top of float collar, thus completing the cement job.le Stage cementation Sin2. Multi- Stage cementation Reasons A. Down hole formations unable to support hydrostatic pressure exerted by a long column of cement . B. To cement wells having two or more zones of interest separated by long intervals C. Limitations of cementing equipments. D. Cementing of high pressure gas zones & water producing horizons. 20 HeExample for Cement Program ( Not required ) G PROGRAM FOR ........... ) ‘Cement andadd. Slurry density gmice chs G Class G+ retarder +friction reducer + antifoam + bond improverand expanding additives TIGHT WIGHT CEMENT (LEAD) Case raIL) z To3s3M Class G+ retarder + friction reducer -+Muid loss additives + antifoam +bond improver and expanding additives [Op.type [ CMTclass | CMTAdditives [ Density [volumes |4- CMT class Drilling Data Handbook 2 aR -ppleaton an a Tad dep gs oO OD F edt dpanges of 10000 16000 Uoedat caper po OF ‘Uiedateaperte 800290: 320°F = Used when pect properties fe nt eae “edhe exmenelphenpertes nd presses ate accused Dred when wed cuttons poms “avalible pest ext dese ad gh estan se “eomoeal tes Cnared pear cee Rete with nega ative, Gens conpossion So pid Ne | * Noma Sury Wei 5 pe seat | + Noma ary Wes -165 ppe 1 Noval Mang Water Reqnseoea 40% (519 ask ©0603 ae caxanpuacsyway + Neal Stuy Vila 17 ak + Noma Sy Yield 1.08 B | -etat dit ange 01 008 [GH | -Wsedat apthrangs fom 00 90008 “Vie attenpertes ope 170F "Oleg epee up 200F wit modes Used when meet gh lie essce eid = Kiar cate coxputaceuaeocmemrnirsonace Und when wel condoms em ‘ati orr te comple anges of AOE wih aves 7 Etonomeal ea card rentom cenets “Rates canbe ened at kann oratwell ste New |*Noma Sty Wists 5 pre cnenCswcarpetemeaces jSemiitiartinrtegwmme-aovcivenceoonin ||, | interne eet tee Normal Sry Vlg 17 Ges mag woe 4996 (496 ask 0683 8) [tat ep ges fe 00 {Chas G say yield 119 Daedattenpertae pt OF Cs hay wets 156 low) 164 ep ove “Used iten enh equzed shat AMTwnerepenet-4e(ayeuscew a OIC eae Une seni pec peyton eed aha) 5 Cael say lt 1178 ation 10 105 ke) Ne aaa wie naateee. Sen si pane aaiest 7 ‘ed at eth ges 13000 1600 peel ag eer arose Ste “) “se octane ofexteme enpeate sad presse 170-320°F DE |-GassD wedar apts fom 0019 100008 aad a pena oT “ile acces sad readers hor ‘Wilnt et attengerce les han 10°F when wed 3 eat shay "Gies E wedt ep oe 10000 1000 and tempera e170. ean 2 that ry igh peop ese Bon sali nyes tht eat eu ag ih rane tote ‘ea | "Bot arerered wii encrpic conpond, chen compen a pint {Bote ow expenive fan Porn cnet Roma Say Wat” 163 pe + Nima sung Water Regan - 5% (428 pase 0572958) * Noma Suny Veld=49 8 Lecturer:- Majid Abdalsadiq Jaafar Petroleum Eng. BOCCement API Classes Selection Mainly depends on Depth & Temperature STATIC TEMP. Surface 80°F 2000 ft 110 °F 4000 ft 6000 ft 8000 ft 200°F 10000 ft 230 °F 12000 ft 260 °F 14000 ft 290 °F 16000 ft 320°FExample :- Select the API cement class for the 9 5/8” Casing , if you Know that:- «Surface temperature is 60°F *Geothermal Gradient is 1.8°F /100FT . we, Dinh ConuctrPge ink Answer :- BHT -( Dre 6} r, Where: 100 i BHT = bottom-bole temperature, °F D = depth of interest, ft Bich ee : ‘inch Suface Casing G = geothermal gradient, °F/100 fi i i Ta. = average ambient temperature, °F 14000 518 +60 =312°F i : So, API cement class for depth 14000, BHT=3129r 7th wr Eiic Memele Coty will be CLASS F API Application ass 2c A. 94 inh Ding LnerCsg F ~ Used at depth ranges of 10000 to 16000 ft. i “aan pense 980° a ~ praia ges ta cabubotoocsal ia easancenber _Roase wisn a: chesil ceaeain sd pid i wer | Romp ages areal ee i “Reinier Rumson oath |i 1 inching a Lecturer Petroleum Eng, wor Contngence Pian5 716°Bi, 4°CSG2- CMT Additives (Chemicals & Additives) :- Used to change the properties of cement slurries. A. Accelerators > To save the time (Reduce Waiting Period cost) B. Retarders > To meet Operation Time requirement . C. Fluid Loss Additives > Filtration Control / thickening time D. Friction Reducer => Reduce Pressure losses E. Defoamer = Prevent Foam forming 3- Cement Density The principle behind the calculations of the cement density is : placed cement slurry to the annuals without fracturing the shallower formations in the section . If this principle can not be achieved in normal operation ( single stage ) , The solution will be reduce the hydrostatic column by :- *Top of Cement (TOC) Below surface . * Two stage Operations . *Reduce cement density to the MinimumCement Plan ( Density ) 8 9 10 11 12 13 18 15 16 17 18 19 20 pee ei eg ac 12 pes binch rd Kinch ConducinPipe 7 || ___\ TURE GRADENT LESS too so 4000 4 FRACTURE GRADIENT 2% inch 5 “ DDinch SurfaceCasing — go99 -| seoo 4 hinch so0 |b: 13xinh itemedate Csi? 2 ves 1605 os 12000 | 12'%hinch —— soe, 9% inch Dring Liner Casing , 4000 4 18000 4 BY inch sor T inchProducton Casing 18000 + Contingence Plan 7/8" Bit, 4"CSGEQUIVALENT MUD SPECIFIC WEIGHT (ppg) 9 tou 12 13 4 15 16 7 18 19 20 Cement Plan ° Fracture 7] Mud | Displacement boon 2! Drilling | Weight | Mud Weight | Pressure — (pe) (ppe) 7 (Pps) _| +000 + 0-350 95 4 350-5000 95 a 95 14.2 | 6000 > 5000-11100 | 120 W 9.5 16.85 a 8000 + 11100-14000 | 168 \y 120 17.85 hae | | te 16.8 184 0000 - a 4 Contingence | 47.4 7 1a4 {2000 4 plan ] 14000 4 16000 18000 + a ert-Maid Abd Petroleum En