Presentation1 2018

Communication Skills
BY Miss Fatima Hadi Ahmed
21/2/16 1 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

Overview
• Introduction
• Communication process
• Element of communication
• Examining the communication process
• Internal representation
• Tools for advanced communication

Introduction
• All Human interactions are a form of communication
• Nothing can be achieve without effective

communication with Employees, clients, suppliers
and customers.
• IF you Need to be Successful person
• You have to master the art of communication

Introduction
• Communication:
• Talking- Listening
• Communication involves getting information from

one person to another person..
• This is not a complete definition because

communication effectively involves having
that information relayed while retaining the
same content and context.

Introduction
• Communication is the art and process of

creation and sharing ideas.
• Effective communication depends on the
richness of those ideas.

Advance communication
• Advance communication: is a true art

form, requiring practice, finesses, and
skill set that goes beyond that the
average person possesses.

Communication skills
• Communication skills are the tools

that we use to remove the barriers
to effective communication.

Communication barriers

Communication process
• Communication process involve multiple parts and stapes:
• Source
• Message
• Encoding
• Channel
• Decoding
• Receiver
• Feedback
• Context

Communication parts and
stapes

1- The source
• The source: is the sender. In order to be good source,
you need to have clear message.
• Clear message means:
• Know exactly what you want to communicate.
• Be sure, why it is that you want to communicate.
• Know the expected result.

2- The message
• The message is the information that you need to

communicate. It is the reason communication is
needed.
• Without MESSAGE?
• If you cannot summarize the message- you aren't

ready to begin the process of communication.

3- Encoding
• Encoding is the transformation of the message into the proper
format for sharing it with audience.
• You need to know your audience.
• Make sure that your message provides all the information that
they need.
• To encode any message properly you have to:
• 1- Know who your audience is?
• What your audience know and what they need to know.
• Use the the language that they know and context that the
familiar with.

4-Channel
• The channel is the method that you choose to

communicate with your audience such as face-to-
face, by telephone, or via email.
• The channel that you choose is mainly depend on

the message that you need to send

4-Channel
Each channel has its advantages and disadvantages .
Ex: difficult to give technical information by using just

the telephone.
Or you may get bad result if you try to give criticism

via email.

5- Decoding
Decoding is the process of receiving the message and
requires that your audience has the means to
understand the information you are sharing.
If you need to decode a message successfully you have

to be able to:
-Read and comprehend
-Listen actively
- Ask clarifying question when needed

Quiz
• What you are going to do if the person you are
attempting to communicate seems to be lacking the
skills to decode your message?

6- Receiver
• You have expectation for a response from the

receiver when you send a message.
• You can increase the chances of getting this result by

addressing your audience’s concern or addressing
specific benefits as part of your communication.

7- Feedback
• Feedback is invaluable for helping you to improve
your communication skill.
• You will know what worked well and what didn’t so

that you can be even more efficient the next time.
• You can evaluate you communication skill according

your audience feedback.

8- Context
• The context is the situation in which you are
communicating.
• The context involves things such as your relationship

with your audience, the culture of your organization
and your general environment.

• The context helps determine the tone and style of
your communication.
• The tone of voice we use is responsible for 34-40 %

of the message we are sending.
• Tone involve the volume you use, the level and type
of emotion that you communicate and the emphasis
that you place on the word that you choose.

Thank you

Elements of communication
• What dose it take to communicate with another

person?
• How are we communicating even when we aren't

using words?
• We communicate with much more that our words.

Face to face communication

Elements of communication
• Non-verbal communication(tone of voice & body

language)
• Verbal communication (words)

Non-verbal communication
• Non- verbal communication such as tone of voice

and non-verbal gestures communicate a great deal
than the words that are spoken.
• Do you, people are more likely to believe your non-

verbal communication than your verbal if the two
are contradictory.
• The same sentence can have multiple meaning

depending on which word is emphasized

The tone and the meaning

The tone

Non-verbal communication
• Body language: is the way we hold our body, move
our arms, our eyes, how close we stand to someone

Example of Body language
• Facial expression
• The way we are standing or sitting
• Any swaying or other movement
• Eye contact
• Berthing rate
• Blushing

Body language

Body language

Body language

Verbal communication
• Choosing our words carefully is a way to enhance

our message.
• We should remember that it is not the most

important part of the message.
• Verbal communication alone can be challenging in

creating effective communication.

Verbal communication

Examining the communication
process
• How your message is formed in your brain?
• How your message is received in the other person’s

brain?
• What happens between these stages?

How Info. Moves?
• Communication starts with input.
• You interpret that input through filters that are made

up of your experiences, history, prejudices and more.
• The interpretation creates internal map of meaning.
• Your response is depend on your internal map.

Channels of input
• Visual
• Auditory
• Kinesthetic
• Gustatory
• Olfactory

Input –Output

• VAK?

Filters
• Everyone has different filters that will affect how the
input reaches the brain.
• Delete: (deleting some information )
• Distort: ( the meaning is changed, shaded, or added)
• Generalize: ( Identify input as being similar to

something we have experience before).
• What is the DANGER of generalize?

Some Things Act as Filters
• Values
• Beliefs
• Past experiences
• Prejudices
• Feelings
• Environment

Values

Beliefs
• Our beliefs are guidelines we use to understand how

the world works.
• Examples:
• Hard work will be rewarded.
• There is high power.
• Good thing will come to those who wait.

Beliefs

Past Experiences

Prejudices

Prejudices

Prejudices
• Your goal should be to see each person as an

individual that is separate from any preconceived
notions you might have about them.

Feelings
• Feeling on a given day.
• Feeling a bout specific person.

Environment
• Do you speak to your colleagues the same way that

you speak to your friends?.
• Recognizing the environment of your

communication might help you to get the expected
results behind your message.

The internal map
• The pictures we generate to give meaning to the
input are referred to as the internal map.
• That interpretation of meaning leads to change in

our internal state, which then generates our behavior
and response.

Thank you

Internal Representation
Elephant
What happened when you read the word?

-Picture of the animal?
-Part of the animal?
You did NOT see the word elephant spelled in
big black letter in your mind’s eye.

• VAK is also the order in which our brain processes
communication.
• We visualize something before we can put words to

it or describe how it look like.
• Try to imagine a voice of animal with out its picture

!!!!!! .

Internal Representation of our
World
• We observe the same events, using the same sensory
inputs (Sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell).
• The model of that we make in our minds will be
different for each of us ???????.
• ALL of our models will be different from reality, OR
??????.
• The map of a city is not the city

• We can CONSTRUCT sight, sound and feeling,
which assist us to makes our internal word visible
audible and tangible to other.
• Dose LANGUAGE limits our thoughts ?.
• Dose LANGUAGE limits the expression of our

thoughts to others ??????.

• IF the language limits the expression of our thought,
that can lead to misunderstanding in two ways:
• 1-The word we use may be inadequate to describe

our thoughts and feelings.
• 2- Other people may not give the same meaning to

the words that we give because they have different
experiences

• Language communicates events and experiences in
ways that come from the construction of the
language itself, rather than the thoughts that gives
rise to it.
• Language is NOT real in the same way that

experiences is real.

• c

Confusing words with the experiences they represent lead to four
misunderstanding.
• 1- We translate our experience into language and

mistake the language for the experience when it is
only an incomplete reflection.
• We allow the words lo limit us
• 2- We mistakenly believe that other people share our

assumption, therefore we leave out vital part of our
message.

• 3- We misunderstand others because we fill in gaps
in their words from our model of the world, rather
than finding out their model of the world.
• 4- We tend to install our meaning or model of the

world upon others.
• EX: I expect------ happened to you
• EX: That must have been------- for you.

Language as a representation
system
• Picture your self running after the bus last week.
(remembered visual image).
• Picture your self running on the surface of Mars.
(constructed visual image)

• Each of us has preferred “channel” through which we
best receive input (visual, auditory or kinaesthetic)
• Visual learners
• Auditory learner
• Kinaesthtic learner
• Why this is good to know ????????.

Thank you
• The best communicator is the best of making

the words and the experiences as one reality
• ?????????

Advance Communication
-To improve our communication we have to study how
we spend our communication time.
• Writing 9 %
• Reading 16%
• Taking 30 %
• Listening 45 %
-We have to improve the four main elements of our

daily communication
Writing 9 %
• 1- You must have a clear purpose and state that

purpose as quickly as possible.
• The purpose of you writing can be stated briefly in

one or two summary sentences.

• Eg: Suppose you want your faculty to sponsor a class
trip. You decide to write a letter to the dean about it.
Here are your summary sentences:
• My letter is designed to persuade the principal to

sponsor the trip. The letter will present three reasons
why the trip would be valuable for students.

DOS AND DON’TS OF
SUMMARY SENTENCES
• Do write summary sentences before doing anything else.
• Do keep your sentences short.
• Don’t exceed one or two sentences for each writing

project.
• Don’t include any information in your paper that doesn’t

relate to the summary sentences.
• Do specify whether the purpose of your writing is to

persuade, explain, or describe.

Exercise
• Write one or two summary sentences for a short

paper:
• -Explaining how to be a successful student
• -Persuading an employer to hire you for a part-time

job
• -Describing what happened at an important meeting

you attended as part of an extracurricular activity

• 2-It is important for you, as the writer, to know as
much as possible about your readers. Knowing your
readers will help you decide what to say and how to
say it.
• Who are they?
• What do they need to know about the topic?
• What is their attitude toward the topic?
• Why should they care about the topic?

DOS AND DON’TS OF
WRITING FOR YOUR READER
• Do remember that all communication is written for your reader.
• Do analyze your readers before you begin writing.
• Don’t leave out any important information the reader needs to

know.
• Don’t forget that the reader’s attitudes will influence how they
respond to your writing.
• Do make your writing appeal to what the reader cares most about.

• 3-What information does the reader need to know?
• Eg: Suppose you are writing a letter to apply for a

job. You begin the letter this way:
• I am applying for the position posted by your

department.

THE 4 Cs OF SUCCESSFUL
WRITING
• 1. Concise
• 2. Compelling
• 3. Clear
• 4. Correct

BE CONCISE—THE COVER
LETTER
• Cover letters (also called job application letters)
usually accompany resumes.
• Both the cover letter and resume are sent to an

employer when you are applying for a job. The resume
lists your qualifications for a job in detail, and the
cover letter discusses them briefly.

THE PYRAMID STYLE OF
WRITING

Eg: Cover letter

BE COMPELLING —THE
RESUME
• The most compelling type of writing has a clear

purpose. In the case of a clear resume, employers
know immediately what job you want.
• Compelling writing is also designed to appeal to

your readers.
• Make the resume visually interesting using different

kinds of type. For example, puts headings in
boldface type.

• Boldface type
• Bullets for the key points
• Keep it simple
• Always try to use verbs in
the active voice, not the
passive voice.

BE CLEAR—MEMOS AND
REPORTS
• Good writing is simple and clear. You should leave
no doubt in the minds of your readers about what
you are trying to say to them.

• Some writers seem to think that you need big, fancy-
sounding words to lend importance to a subject.
• Too often, these words make the subject far more

complicated than it needs to be. Even worse, your
readers may not understand what you mean.

• Too long sentences
• Complicated words
• Not very clear meaning

• Choose words that are easy to pronounce and can be
understood by everyone.
• Do NOT write long, involved sentences that are

difficult to follow.

Eg: Long sentence

Exercise
• Rewrite the following sentences to make them clearer and
simpler.

BE CORRECT—ALL OF
THE TIME
• Check and double check before you publish (
choosing the right word for the right meaning)
• Whenever you write, you must proofread your

document carefully before sending it to a reader.

SOUND-ALIKE AND
LOOK-ALIKE WORDS

10 tips for good writing
• 1. All good writing must have a clear purpose.
• 2. Too many words can bore your reader.
• 3. The most important information belongs at the beginning of your document.
• 4. Avoid all mistakes in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
• 5. Think about what your readers want before beginning to write.
• 6. Make an impact on your readers by making your writing powerful.
• 7. Don’t use complex words when you can use simple ones.
• 8. Leave out all information that does not relate to your main purpose.
• 9. Use descriptive words to bring your writing to life.
• 10. Never assume that your readers know more than they do.
Thank you

SPEAKING WITH
CONFIDENCE
• Introduction
• The ability to deliver an effective talk is one of the
most valuable skills you can possess.
• If you want to be a leader in school, public speaking

is often essential.
• As a class officer, head of the student council, or

president of a club, you are often called on to stand
up and speak to a group.
• Public speaking is very important in any workplace.

• Yet most people are afraid of public speaking. In
fact, recent polls indicate that they fear it more than
death itself.
• Stage fright is common, even among good speakers.

But there are several approaches they use to conquer
their fears.

TOP 10 FEARS AMONG
AMERICANS
• 1. Public speaking
• 2. Heights
• 3. Insects
• 4. Financial trouble
• 5. Deep water
• 6. Sickness
• 7. Death
• 8. Flying
• 9. Loneliness
• 10. Dogs
How To Get Red Of Your
Fears
• KEEP IN MIND
• The people in the audience genuinely want you to

succeed.
• Make eye contact with an individual in the audience

who is a friend.
• As you begin to talk, speak only to that individual. Or

if you don’t know anyone in the audience, pretend you
are just sharing information with a friend. By turning a
speech into a one-on-one conversation, it will seem less
intimidating.
How to Get Red of Your
Fears
• If you are still nervous when it’s time to deliver the
speech, take a deep breath and remind yourself that
you don’t have to be so serious.
• Imagining the audience in a way that you usually

make fun of it.
• Prepare to communicate with your audience by

researching your topic.

How to Prepare A Good
presentation
• Create a rough outline of what you want to
communicate to the audience.
• A good talk, however, usually has a sharply

focused purpose or something specific you
want to say about your subject.
• The summary sentences define that purpose.

They remind you and enable your listeners
to know why you are speaking.

• The most important step in
preparing any presentation
is to understand your
audience.

Before you prepare your presentation, ask
yourself the following questions:
• What do my listeners want to know? If you don’t provide

information that interests them, you’ll put them to sleep.
• How much do they already know? They may be experts

or they may know almost nothing about your topic.
• Where do they stand? Your listeners may be likely to

agree with what you’re saying, or they may need a lot of
convincing.

How To Open Your
Presentation
• Before you present your summary statements and details of your
speech, you need to grab your audience’s attention with a good
opening.
• You can never be a great presenter without understanding and

mastering strong openings.
• A stories
• A startling piece of information
• A newspaper headline
• A very strange question
• A joke

To Have Full Presentation
You Need To Use THE 3 Ts
• 1. Tell the audience what you’re going to say at the
beginning of the talk.
• 2. Tell the audience what you’re going to say to them

in the body of the talk.
• 3. Tell the audience what you told them in the

conclusion.

Completing Your
Presentation
• The best talks should be concise as well as
compelling.
• But always make sure that any information you

present strengthens the purpose of your talk and
supports your summary sentences.

Completing Your
Presentation
• Finally, repeat your purpose at the close of your talk.
• If you can, illustrate it with an interesting story from

your own experience or from something you’ve read.
• The more concrete and specific you can make a

talk, the more likely your audience is to remember it.

The Eight Secrets Of
Successful Speaking
• 1. Define the purpose of your presentation before doing anything else.
• 2. Spend plenty of time preparing your talk so it will be effective.
• 3. Hook the attention of your listeners early in a speech so they will listen
to the rest of it.
• 4. Tell the audience why you’re speaking to them at the beginning, the
middle, and the end of your talk.
• 5. Overcome stage fright by making it work for you.
• 6. Use stories and anecdotes to bring your talk to life.
• 7. Evaluate each talk you give so you can constantly improve your skills.
• 8. Never stop practicing.

EXERCISE
• For each of the following topics, develop full talk.
• 1- A recent vacation
• 2- An especially difficult homework assignment
• 3- A part-time job after school
• 4- A skill you learned
• 5- A person who has influenced you

Thank you

Is Any Body Listening
• Five roles foe effective listening
• 1. Don’t interrupt.
• 2. Don’t jump to conclusions.
• 3. Don’t judge the messenger.
• 4. Don’t be self-centered.
• 5. Don’t tune out.

1. Don’t interrupt.
• How many times has someone interrupted what you’re

trying to say? Perhaps it was one of your parents, a
friend, or even a coworker.
• Some people don’t mean to be rude. They just can’t

seem to control themselves.
• They are so eager to express their opinion that they

simply can’t wait for the speaker to finish.

• Everyone deserves an equal
chance to be heard

2. Don’t Jump to Conclusions
• Whenever you receive instructions on a job, it’s important to
listen carefully.
• Don’t assume you know what the speaker is going to say.
• If a customer is asking you to do something, listen to
everything he or she has to say.
• If your boss is speaking, listen carefully and don’t jump to the
wrong conclusion.
• Good listening
skills will make you a better employee.

3. Don’t Judge the Messenger
• Sometimes we let our opinions of a speaker prevent us

from listening carefully to what is being said.
• 1-How does the speaker sound?.
• 2-What does the speaker look like?
• 3-How old is the speaker?

• Age can be an enormous barrier to
effective communication

Don’t be self-centered
• Good listeners have the ability to empathize with a
speaker. They try to read the speaker’s body language.

Don’t tune out
• In school, we are required to sit through many hours of
classes. On the job, we will be required to sit through
many meetings and training sessions. If we allow
ourselves to get bored and start daydreaming, chances are
we won’t listen very carefully to what’s being said. How
do you beat boredom?
• One way is to look for something of value in what the

speaker is saying.

• To stay focused during a long presentation, it also helps
to take notes.
• You don’t have to worry about all the details; just listen
for the main ideas and write them down. This will help
you to concentrate and avoid becoming distracted.
• Some presentations are followed by question-and-answer

sessions. It’s often a good idea to formulate questions
while you are listening to the speaker.

Are you a good listener?
• I usually allow a speaker to finish talking without interrupting.
• I don’t jump to conclusions when someone is talking but listen carefully.
• I don’t evaluate a speaker by the way he or she looks or sounds. I listen to the
message.
• I try to put myself in the speaker’s shoes and treat him or her the way I would want
to be treated.
• I concentrate on the speaker and don’t let distractions get in the way.
• If I disagree with someone, I hold my comments until he or she stops talking.
• When I’m listening, I listen to the speaker’s tone of voice and take note of his or
her body language.
• When someone speaks, I usually try to look for something valuable in what is said

Thank you

Reading
• Reading is one of the most important activities any
successful student does in any course of study.
• It is important to note that reading is an active process;

you need to apply strategies that will enable you make
sense of what you read.
• There are three main reading techniques that you can

use: scanning, skimming, and focused reading

Scanning
• Scanning is a reading technic that one uses to find specific
information without reading the whole text.
• It involves looking down and around a page quickly and

efficiently searching for important words, facts or phrases
to find specific information.
• Scanning often comes before skimming. For example,

scanning can be used to determine if a resource has the
information you are looking for.
• Once the resource is scanned, it can then be skimmed for

more detail.
Skimming
• Skimming is a reading technique that provides
understanding of the whole text without reading it from
word to word.
• It involves discovering the main ideas of a text by reading

first and last paragraphs and topic sentences, and paying
attention to other details on the page like titles, bold type
or italics, and photograph captions.

Intensive Reading
• Intensive Reading Technique is reading for a high degree
of comprehension and retention over a long period of
time.
• It is basically a study technique for organizing readings

that will have to be understood and remembered.

Tips For Good Reading
• Underline important, key sentences, and definitions.
• Highlight words or whole paragraphs
• Use special marks on the margin to indicate importance,

relevance, or reference to other parts
• Take notes in a notebook
• Draw visual representations of the text like charts and

graphs etc.

Thank you

Interview?
• Interview: A somewhat formal between a hirer and
an applicant or candidate, typically in person, in
which information is exchanged, with the intention of
establishing the applicant’s suitability for a position.

10 Tips for interview
• 1. Conduct Research on the Employer, Hiring Manager, Job Opportunity.
• 2. Review Common Interview Questions and Prepare Responses.
• 3. Dress for Success.
• 4. Arrive on Time for the Interview.
• 5. Make Good First Impressions.
• 6. Be Authentic, Upbeat, Focused, Confident, Candid, and Concise
• 7. Remember Body Language, Avoiding Bad Habits
• 8. Ask Insightful Questions.
• 9. Sell Yourself Throughout and then Close the Deal.
• 10. Thank Interviewer(s) in Person, by Email, and Postal Mail.

Common Qs & sample As
• Q1. Tell me about yourself.
• The interviewer is trying to find out about you, your job skills
and how well you express yourself.
• Do not dwell on personal issues.
• State your best qualifications for the job.
• Be specific and include examples to support your statements.
• Try to show that you meet the employer's expectations.

Sample answer
• I am punctual, dependable and can be counted upon to finish
what I start.
• I get a great deal of satisfaction from knowing that I have done
something well and on time. For example, at my present job, I
was given different work orders every day. It was my
responsibility to finish the orders and make sure they all met
quality and safety standards within a specific deadline. On
occasion, I had to familiarize myself with the product and the
production process.
• I was always able to learn quickly and carry out my job
responsibilities. Our company was known for making excellent
processed food products.

Q2: What do you do in your spare time?
• Interviewers ask this question to see if your activities and

hobbies might help the company and to get an idea of
what kind of person you are outside your work life.
• Describe any volunteer work you do and any hobbies or

interests that might relate to the job in some way.
• Stick to active hobbies, such as playing sports, carpentry,

gardening, etc.
• Avoid mentioning inactive and non-creative activities

such as watching television.

Q3:What do you think of working in a group?
• The interviewer is trying to find out about your ability to

get along with others.
• Focus on the following:

• The advantages of working in a group. Explain how the
various individuals in a group complement one another
in carrying out certain tasks.
• Give specific examples of your personal experience in a
group.

Q 4: Why do you want to work for this company? Why are you
interested in this job?
• The interviewer is trying to determine what you know and

like about the company, whether you will be willing to
make a commitment to the job, and if your skills match
the job requirements.
• Your research will be a big help in formulating your

answer to this question.
• Say as many positive things about the company as

possible, show your interest in whatever products/services
they sell and explain why the position fits with your career
goals.
Q5: Have you done this kind of work before?
• The interviewer wants to know if you can learn to do the job in a reasonable time
and how much training you will need.
• Never say "no" to this question. Instead, stress the experience you do have that will
assist you in learning the new job quickly and efficiently.
• Be sure to mention the following
• Your past work experience.
• Your education and training related to the job.
• Volunteer work that might relate to the job.
• Any transferable skills - e.g. organizational skills, people skills.
• Your ability to learn quickly and how quickly you learned that type of work in the
past.

Q6: What kind of training or qualifications
do you have?
• The interviewer is trying to find out what

school credentials you have. If you have no
formal school qualifications but have a lot
of experience, you might say:
• I didn't get formal school training for this
job but I have (number) of years of
experience in the field.
• I'm willing to learn new skills or go to
school to get further training if I am
offered the job.
• I learn quickly and I like to keep upgrading
my skills.
Key answer
• If you have just completed a training course but have little
work experience, you might say:
• I took a one year training program in (name of program)

at (name of school) which is related to the job I'm applying
for.
• I look forward to working in the field and putting into

practice what I learned.
• I don't have a lot of work experience in this area but I

learn quickly.

Q7: How well do you work under pressure or
tight deadlines?
• This question indicates that the job you're applying for will
involve working under pressure.
• Give examples of volunteer and paid work that involved

pressure and deadlines.
• You could mention that we are always faced with pressure

and deadlines in our lives and you do not mind the stress.
• Stressful situations are a learning and challenging

experience.

Key answer
• You might mention the following:
• How you handled large rush orders at your last

workplace.
• How you prepared for exams and homework

assignments while working full-time and attending
school part-time.
• How you managed a crisis situation. (For example: a

car accident)

Q8: How often were you absent from work in your last job? Have you
every had any serious illness or injuries? Do you have any health
problems?
• The interviewer is trying to find out if you have any health

issues which will cause you to take a lot of sick days.
• You do not have to go into your health history for the
interviewer.
• If you have health problems that do not interfere with your
work performance, do not give the interviewer details about
them.
• If you had a previous health problem that interfered with your
work in the past, but is no longer a problem, do not volunteer
this information. It no longer affects your work, therefore the
employer does not have to know.

Q9: Have you ever been fired or quit a job?
• The interviewer is looking for clues to any problems you

have had in previous jobs and if you may have the same
problems in a new job. Try to:
• Avoid saying anything negative about yourself or your
previous employer. If you had problems, explain them
without being negative.
• Do NOT use the word "fired" or "quit". Instead use
words such as: "I changed jobs", "I was laid off", or "I
needed a more challenging job".
• If you were fired and are not on good terms with your
previous employer, explain the reason why you were
fired.
Q10: Why haven't you worked recently?
• The interviewer is looking for clues to serious problems or job

difficulties that could carry over to a new job.
• You might say:
• Since I was laid off from my previous employer, I have been
actively looking for a job. However, as you know, there are
many people looking for work and applying for the same
jobs.
• I have always worked steadily but I haven't been able to find a
job in the present job market.
• After I got laid off from my previous employer, I decided to
go back to school to upgrade my skills so I can get a better,
more secure job.

Q11: What are your long-term goals or career plans?
• The interviewer may want to know if you are ambitious,

plan ahead, or if you set goals for yourself.
• The interviewer may also want to know what expectation
you have of the company.
• You might say:
• I hope to become very good at my job and perhaps take
some schooling to become more skilled in my field of
work.
• I intend to learn (name of area or skills) very well so
that I can be promoted to a higher position in (name
skill or department).
Q12: What do you feel are your greatest strengths?
• This is your opportunity to brag a little bit. It is important

that you have done your research about the type of work
that you are applying for.
• For example if you are applying as a production labourer

and from your research you understand that this type of
work required people that have the ability to meet quotas,
work as a team and make improvement suggestions, then
it is important for you to incorporate this into your
strengths.

Sample answer
• My greatest strength is that I have a lot of initiative.
• I am always looking for a better way to do things at work

that I feel would save the company money and I can
always achieve my production quotas.
• For example one time I was working at my station and I

felt that I was wasting time by always having to walk to
the other side of my station to get some parts. So I
reorganized the station and my supervisor was really
impressed as it increased my quota.

Q13: What do you feel are your weaknesses?
• You never want to give any indication of any weaknesses that you have. Turn
you weaknesses into strengths by working it to the employer's advantage.
• Example answers:
• I am the type of person or is very hard on myself. I am always

expecting myself to do a little bit more. However, I guess this works
out well for my employer.
• I never like to leave work until I have every thing finished completely.
Sometimes this bothers me but I feel inside that it is important.
• I am the type of person who always takes my work home with me.
This sometimes interferes with my personal life but I feel that work
comes first.
Q14: How would you describe your last
employer?
• Never run down or say anything negative about anybody or anyone.

• The employer will feel that you will do it to them. You should state
the positive things such as he had high expectations and I really
respected him for that.
• He was down to earth and really knew the job I was doing, if I had
any problems he was approachable and would always give me
suggestion or he gave the responsibility to do a good job.
• Example answers:
• I liked my employer. He/she treated me fairly and respected my
work
• I appreciated my previous employer having given me the opportunity
to acquire a lot of skills and experiences in (name area of work
skill).
Q15:What five words would be describe you?
• These should be your transferrable skills

such as reliable, punctual, organized,
friendly, honest, cooperative, outgoing, easy
to get along with, hardworking, energetic,
take pride in my work, responsible,
respected, dedicated.

Q16:What did you like about your last job?
• Say only positive things that you feel could transfer across
to the position your are applying for.
• Example:
• I liked my last job because I got along well with my co-

workers and the work was challenging, fast paced and I
was given a lot of responsibility.

Q17: Why did you choose this line of work?
• The interviewer is trying to find out about your

commitment to your career choice.
• In other words do you do it because you love the work

or just take any job you can get for the money.
• If you did this work for many years and stopped due to a
lay off, you might say:
• I have done this for (number) of years. I like my work.

The only reason I left my last workplace was because I
was laid off.

Q18: Why did you leave your last position?
• Keep this answer simple. If you were laid off simply say
so, If your company downsized, simply say so.
• Do not go into a lot of detail. If you were terminated

you will have to say you were let go but always follow
up that as a result you have learned how to overcome
this and feel it will not affect you in the future.

Q19: What type of salary are you looking for?
• Do not get into this subject unless you are forced to.
Even then you want to leave an impression that you
are flexible in this area.

Q20: What do you know about our company?
• This is your opportunity to show them that you have

taken the time to research their company in
particular.

Thank you

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Communication Skills

BY Miss Fatima Hadi Ahmed

21/2/16 1 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Examining the communication process

• Tools for advanced communication

21/2/16 2 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Nothing can be achieve without effective

• IF you Need to be Successful person

• You have to master the art of communication

21/2/16 3 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Communication involves getting information from

• This is not a complete definition because

21/2/16 4 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Communication is the art and process of

21/2/16 5 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Advance communication: is a true art

21/2/16 6 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Communication skills are the tools

21/2/16 7 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 8 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 9 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 10 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Clear message means:

• Know exactly what you want to communicate.

• Be sure, why it is that you want to communicate.

• Know the expected result.

21/2/16 11 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• The message is the information that you need to

• If you cannot summarize the message- you aren't

21/2/16 12 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 13 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• The channel is the method that you choose to

• The channel that you choose is mainly depend on

21/2/16 14 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

Each channel has its advantages and disadvantages .

Ex: difficult to give technical information by using just

Or you may get bad result if you try to give criticism

21/2/16 15 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

If you need to decode a message successfully you have

-Read and comprehend

- Ask clarifying question when needed

21/2/16 16 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 17 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• You have expectation for a response from the

• You can increase the chances of getting this result by

21/2/16 18 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• You will know what worked well and what didn’t so

• You can evaluate you communication skill according

21/2/16 19 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• The context involves things such as your relationship

21/2/16 20 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• The tone of voice we use is responsible for 34-40 %

21/2/16 21 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 22 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• What dose it take to communicate with another

• How are we communicating even when we aren't

• We communicate with much more that our words.

21/2/16 23 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

21/2/16 24 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI

• Non-verbal communication(tone of voice & body

• Verbal communication (words)

21/2/16 25 DR. WAHAM AL-ASADI