The 'PIPING GU IDE' ......... .

Discusses in detail th~ des1gn and d raft1ng of pioing systems

• Describes pipe, pipíng components most commonly useo.

valvcs, and equipment

• Prescnts chans. tables. and exarnples fo r dai!y rcferencc

• Provides a dcsign rcf IJrr.nco for companies and con su llants

• Slll)plements existin~J co,·npany standards, in formotion, and

rnethods

• Serves as an instructiono1 atd

PART 1 TEXT: explains...... .. . Tl>chniques of p1pmg dr•"l"

• Assernb l i n!~
o t p ipi n~ from componenrs. <t"cl mc thodc;
to•· connectmg tu equ iprncnt

• Office organiza tto n ¡¡ncf rne1ho<.Js ro lranstatc COI1CCpts

mto fin¡shed desiqns ~rom wh 1ch piants are bvill

• Temls and abbrevtdtion~ concerned with piJJ•ny

PAHT 11· TABLES. provide.... .. Frequen1ly lltrecJed dd la ttnd informatton. (lrrnngcd l or

q u1ck referencu

• r tl<: tors for CSHJIJIIshln~l wu llhS Of f.)tpeways

Spacing Uetween p ipM. wllh and without fl\lnqes, Jnd

for ·,umpovers' and 'rununclrrs'

• Pttnctpal dimensions and wr.tghts i01 pi¡.Jf! htt1nqs,

flangr:s. valves. struttural stee., etc

• Conversion f or c ur;l omary .1n<1 rnetric unlrs

• D i mct re:1clin9 rnelrl<:: cortvE!rSion lallles ro r d trnt-!1151()nS

and...... •. . • • . • . • A metric supplemcnl with principal dimensional d~llil

In millimelers
~-----------------------

FOR THE DESIGN ANO DRAFTING

OF INDUSTRIAL PIPING SYSTEMS

David R. Sherwood Dennis J . Whlstance as, MS

·~. Amonca.n So<;ety o~ ~~~ Enr»•ooets.
Mc>mber, ln:s11ClllJon ot Ptoc:tveaon E119!1lel'fl, ( UK)

Copynghl 1973, Oavl<l A. Sho•wood and Dono os J. Wh•stanco

Socond Edlt10<1, Copyughttgg¡, Syontok Boo~s Company, lnc.

All••ghts ré$Orved. No pan olltu'!> book may bo teprooucad or unnsmlt100 by any mo3ns wha1SOéVtr

Primod in lhe Unitéd Siales ol Amer1oo

Publlsherl and dostributcd l>y:

Syentek lnc.
PO Box 26588
San Francisco. CA 94126 USA
ISBN 0.91 4-08219·1
The contribution of the companies, designers and engineers who
assisted in the development of the Piping Guide is gratefu lly
acknowledged. Apart from sou rce material and assistance with
production, acknowledged elsewhere, individual acknowledg-
ments are not made, because neither contributors nor the
authors or publisher assume liability or responsibility for designs
using information presented herein. The user is responsible for
complying with the various codes, standards and regu lations,
National, Federal, State and Municipal, and other legal obliga-
tions which may pertain to the construction and safe operation
of plants, industrial installations, etc., including modifications
to existing facilities.

Dueto economic conditions, demand, manufacturing philosophy,

business mergers and acquisitions, the availability of items from
manufacturers may change, and components obtained from
domestic supplie'rs may not be of domestic origin. Discussion of
products does not necessarily imply endorsement.
CONTENTS:

Chapter

PIPING: Uses, and Plant Construction .................................................... 1

PIPE, FITTINGS, FLANGES, REINFORCEMENTS: ln-line Equipment and Support Equipment ...... 2
VALVES, PUMPS, COMPRESSORS, and Types of Process Equipment .......... _ ................. 3
ORGANIZATION OF WORK: Job Responsibilities, Orawing-Office Equipmentand Procedures ........ 4
ORAFTING: PROCESS ANO PIPING ORAWINGS including Orawing Symbols,
Showing Oimensions, Showing lnstrumentation, and Bilis of Material ....................5
OESIGN OF PIPING SYSTEMS: lncluding Arrangement, Supporting, lnsulation,
Heating, Venting and Oraining of Piping, Vessels and Equipment ........................ 6
STANOAROS ANO COOES: for Piping Systems, Pipe, Pipe Supports, Flanges,
Gaskets, Fittings, Valves, Traps, Pumps, Vessels,
Heat Exchangers, Symbols and Screwthreads ...................................... 7
ABBREVIATIONS: for Piping Orawings and Industrial Chemicals ............................... 8
INOEX/GLOSSARY/ACKNOWLEOGMENTS
Sections, figures, charts and tables in Part 1 are referred to
numerically, and are located by the margin index. Charts and
tables in Part 11 are identified by letter.

The text refers to standards and codes, using designations such

as ANSI 831.1, ASTM A-53, ISA S5.1, etc. Full titles of these
standards and codes will be found in tables 7.3 thru 7.14.

FOR TERMS NOT EXPLAINED IN THE TEXT,

REFER TO THE INDEX.
ABBREVIATIONS ARE GIVEN IN CHAPTER 8.
PIPIN6: uses, and Plant construcuon 1 .2
.1

USESOF PIPING 1.1 fo e1ther ~Hou:lfun~. Hm milfu 1.1(1•'er soppl es nrorrn~.~· on conttHHrliJ ·te
:111r~1SP.S r.f b uldH'~:P· ¡-trOCIK<.cs:. puxiuti on hltC'\. lr... :qn ccnr·~~ f:.Jf spt:elr e
reuu ·emer.ts. d~ld1h '' eustm~ s: .ml.,lf'dsnnar-. ;·s. 11 en~.
P1 1 1 "~ !e rO 1\!r 1 (p l'S$,), n ¡•,r • l·.JIISfJ~I~ahm
11' di d1 , • , 11 tt't:'ll tulu •lJ,,~) putp~Xb 1.:~1 11 SflO•'•i the pr •~•P.J$ !l'..c .. etl. ot•J tt:l! llr:-.·~ ol ml31mltU_.'ll ;tf\.1
mcf8ri<JI
' !1 1S pc u r ' one fV'd :.,:ti •r'ICtJS.:" a p¡pmg 10• p~ocess.rg .:nd
SI'IVlr \',tff'l os Ptocmp•ptng '!! u t'iH:$()0'1 Hu cts. be'\\-cen s.:.01.3~
SCttEMAliC FOR PLANt COHSTHUCTION CHART 1 1
!a·t~ ~ re u occu. ng vr 1S. Stftlice pipmg es ~A.:"!:d te steaw. ait~
CCfr. -'l
\'wdl r c:lr f01 procb~ 119 P¡r., ~e "'o• r1ed as ·s.e .... •ce fhO n; .s somr.
tu ( 'rl t~1·d 10 1t ·,,11ttv f1 ptng. t;u1. u 111e Gl:rde. the ltr•n ut1lty
¡up q' ~~~\1':1 ftH Moltl r hn1:s supply "1:) ~·••rr.!, fue• ~1m, JOd fu~l o il
t~ l iJI is, fur cr..;.,m·odt!IOS. ~.osual v puf.:l'lasec from 1..ttl1~íe~ con,pac .es ar.::J
h.~11 ••PP t'IS)

Mr~rrne /HfJIIIIJ f,l! .1 :•\ ,., ullt 1 11~1fl!l'":v•! ~:':.tch e l ,• .s iati!!C9iC·::I i!CII'
o,.·,,+lrrrl J!lll 'iCft·v1;tul r.ul un !.Wd rHfltng, "'';119P•Pf' .wd 11111!}!: rlnscnbcd 111
CLIENT
Nr¿-_ .._
ftNISU[O ""LAN1

CHART
1.1
lht•; lJ 1111 OHtJtR J.UK PtP.Nf
& LJAlA f 0fl fiLA!\ 1 '--'--
Tr.mwo,rturtJn JJIPIII{J t\ n:un allv lm¡t:·d'aml!l~:f p¡¡(rq ¡,::;er; ~L !:mwcv
hq urh, ~ .111!1!\ ,,1111 t¡,¡sPs, ~¡·¡·u•um~ •.!Vf'l 1umJ10ds ol 11 IP.S_ C11.. d~ ülls. \ ~~'~'""''"~'·'•ll(fl(('/'~"·'
rflr'' m!tr
~·IHI•IIN•If
lll!llflh!ltlll ~!IUI.ilt •s, W;lhH, drld SOIId mOHf''i1ll~¡ MICt'! ;'\S C:la {CMr!Cd hy '.'/.'lll! l~
-· -----
-
l
.11· II·I!ISJJUI I+Hilluu 111111: tlll ':\, Diftt!ICIII li4t.:i!Js- 1aH be lmnspn·¡¡:d rnnset:lJ
,,r~ , ,~,...,
!lvf•·" "' 1hu s.m tt: 1' p •lu.u. <lfl- 1 l trnnrhln~ .l~rongamer"lts a'i- ~.~sed 10 J iv~ l OtstGN ron fll "\JT LON SlRUC 1 ION
lluw~ 111 1l1 1 !1:n t 1 tlf•\lllt 1 · ·n~~ hi'IG I N I..L W ~ E N ~li NH RS
1
C1vtl p1pwg '' u:¡PII 1u 11!St11t•u', t•JLitf. ut,lll es (wii;tt!l, fuel q.tstos~. nnd Lu
C'llll!l:t 11111 '/hJ'I• lOWJqtJ, t11J ll•lhJSI'!oll 'NdSte WJtPrS ~}()St p¡pin~ ul lhiS - -- J
IVt :P '" pl.un.l 11rd 'ttlll·'" .,,1 :;:
PJumbm!J (t·o/ltrllllfL'IlJ/ p1pmg) •S J:: ;IIIHJ UlSttlh!d •n w·tttner!:ial Lu;ldt•tg'l. ...,..>
~ w
> ,.<
)(h u1h•• ,, ;uf,,l-c;, C:>ll!P~Ir~·•. He .• lot d$tr tJUI•rv~ ~~t1He' and fuel gases. ft
"'a:> ""'<
·o :t~t ,,(, ~.,~;e \'."'lli!f, ttnr1 llll Olhf!"" Pl.: (lC!ieS
~"'
o=>
~~

·~ "'
.."'
~
RfOOt=Sn FOA (0\.III'Mf~T
-V.

-<
..
?~
··~ .IARO'''ASIE ~ MATrAIAI ~ -C
"'~
~ ...
~ ;> w
~ ...

COMM ISSIONING, OESIGNING,

& BU ILD ING A PLANT
1. 2 =>e
o~
.. w ~
~

, .... _-<..
az
"'"' "'
','ll·rn ., "'' .1 rp- :te upc ro b:1ld a n!"~·· plant. e 10 e,panc an e-JttS:.:'"I j / --~....
OUfSIDfL
1ne 1 C f~t 1 Cf,•, 't'o(;f ~OIC\ O tntJ n(!P.•Ir:g C:)rrlpar.'l lO JnCCI!a~ SuPPLICH!;.
(;.()t(SUl f AN'lS
k:.¡¡ 1 .11.1 runs1u r:: .n I'JI i 1t:r. Cor.lJ'!",.., s o~\"0 eq¡ir.wir.g d::p;t··n:er ~ ?S
..11 ' l'lOUQI. they ,•,JI t:o :1 e JL"SQI ..., ~rt. n·au~ tlv- ¡:·otttt.cnd ~:Jiov
1~ or mor cor1ra .. 'O'$ ·o Go the t":lrslhJct•co :.'fJ l.
111
 The designing and building of an industrial plant is a complex undertaking.
Except for the larger industrial concerns, who may maintain their own design
staffs, the design and construction of plants and related facilities is usually
undertaken by specialist companies.
The Guide describes in 4.1 the organization and responsibilities of design
engineering, with special reference to the duties of individuals engaged in the
development of piping designs for plants.

[2)
PIPE, FITTINGS, FLANGES, REINFORCEMENTS,
ln·line Equipment and support Equipment
PROCESS PIPE
PIPE~ TUB~
1 ul uwx!~ ue termccl 'tube' cY ·p pe'. Ttibe is cus~omaal'l speciLied
t.v ltl Oltft.:ck i•¡wm;:l!' and -wll thic(,:JL"S:S, exp~esscd át•1c· ir BWG
(B1111 JJh•l~l ~n-e ~eJ PI '' :ho .. mdthS C;l .an in~. P;oe ·s tas:ornc:{"f
nJt•nl t.ed hv 'I011'1tlttl fltJH' sin!'. w.1h v...all thit<Ut."::IS del;noo: by 'sct..adl.l t
nurr.l'('l', •API J·~~uattut•' ut ·~¡~,t". 8$ ~•pla oed 111 2. i.3. t\on·siandord
Pllll ':ii J'L'l.IIU.'J ~y UOOliRll $.ill' .... ,.h :o!)~l 'IH:kf1CSSSl\lcr,_
1h~ pnnr.tfl;ll u-..~ lo• ru~t.t are tri ll!al extl·d·t¡¡e'S. ll"lS.trument liftes, a· u!
li'IJ..Ii IPitlt:U'II t!t.lll.)ll$ Dll ~\1!1'1""1('01 $t:Ch as t-omr:ii~%C'S, b!li'P.fS.., ;md
'n•¡l7:1 1 11\
SIZES 5o LEtiGTHS COMMONL Y USED
FOR Sl EH Pll't
•A·~S 1... lli• l.ud H3f! .1fJM ~~~l.JI It;,hi \'11,111 1h kr'IC!!\Sl!\ fu• ¡t pe ·;m,tlll~l f '011 1/8 -1
.
'":r;¡r¡;, •h .+·w ~"·'"'*' ¡! ¡ lílt! s·u!') Pinu ¡,+tus nCHmally swc'ked
t 1 fillut(.fl
·IIW. l• 11/, ll·l 1, 1''•, 1\'1, 7, ?Y,, 3, 3Y,. 4. 5.1i. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, lR.
71J ,,rul 24 Su•·!. 1~. 7'':·, :.iV>, ¡;u!J ~ mch are ~e doiTl ttSed (t:fl!l!:uill sites c.11e
S(tn•ullwP~ il!UtittHI i•H ~;ont1 CCIIrn n em~·nmnn•, hu1 uip ug 1S norn'ally
1111' '" •l!r rr.~r ~u~r.' stnt.~ ~m: .1::m r.unPr!c:tinn hils I.Jl!C!l P'liH.Je} 1/8. 1/1.,
~/U JIIIJ 1/2·1111.1• uil)t! l$ \JSu¿ ly II!SitiCIH tu inStiU'"flOf'lt lines cr rr ser·.·:r.c-
unr• 111'1!' ' t"\ wh•t:"l lii'M 1:1 mnrp w1111 ~rJulpnu·nt 1/2-ipch u1nfl 1s
nllltht+Jdy IJVd fur :.hlfHHadm¡ [IIIIJ fLI::IJXi iory ~¡¡.:: I'J di j.ll1fnPS ~IC.
Sht•u''' 111~"' r. surolh~il m ··;mrl·:ur' lr.n<nh:; 117 tt: Zf> hL am: somet~mes
'(jn,tl! ~~ r;lll 1t111' lunq1l1:; (38 tu 4U tll. d ptefeqed. Tt1e enJ~ of these cnqths
3!t: l"ll •u,fh¡ J!lhl! IJI.i '1 (f-'( ). !J~.¡{l~O IJI ·N~Id nn IUE). cr thrcaded and
su;.apltt:lj w th
01'1' cJup,u·D tht t:r.f¡!h flhrcnded and cou:-~lcd', or 'T&·C')
11 ;u pe IS urdtn~\'! •r f.,(:·. 1t·r, rJ!InJ C: f ll:r. Clll¡pltnQ IS S:Of!C rfo>d-see Cf1élfl 2.3
Olhf!f l;·péS ,:.~ tfllt. 5loCh ti', gfi).I'YtltJ fnc !;pt:t:lo.ll cuup:u·•.tS. can be ootatnOO
U r rrh.,
OIAMETERS ~ WALL THICKNESSES OF PIPE
...._ ol iN 1$ JonltiH!d b I"C r10mrr~; :Jipt: ~zc .•iJJri!VI.!te.:l '\FS.
\•.•uct. ts s.rl~cm JXlui'l :tll'n• 11.10 bme lir·ten~Ji t arretet) ~- ille o•r.e -tl·c
t!' lfe:e!ltr 1n U)mC rns:1:1nccs 1$ latge. \¡P$ 14 iHid l.:fQ€.1 pipe ~$ OU':S•te
d:.1~1Wiet' r:J.IáiiO 1hr. numuLII P•ue sile
2.1 Pt~c in lllt! ~.j'iO'JS s.1es 1$ t•t.uJf 111 58\'etal wall t~uc~rtéSSL~ 1or e,j(t• S, te..
.,.,·tucr"~ f".a-.-e- oeen es~atlhshtr. ~r r-.rrn ·ltlfrrcru so•n,~·
2.1.1
12) The A'llC' t•n Socic:v o' Me<m• <eal tn~ncc•> 'n1 •111! Ame< ca~
Societv •or les111!1 ar:d "h•t~•a:S.Ihlt.ll"le tJ, "lf"t''' ~10' h:aod·
-·d), 'X$' (r.xUa S1Jflng), 311d 'X, X$' (diAJhll.._C.tri1~1fO~I ~. dla\O,TI lrarn
di• 'lWS o11s ~:attli)tu~; b't' mnm.ta< hners. 111 tllt Cuide, thete desig·
nauons :~te temu!d 'mhrwiJCturorr' v~tJghts'
(31 Th• Al""l•:t'ICM Pelt•ll 'IJ~Il ,, S.111U'• thHJu¡Jh lb 1.!oWdauj ~L. IJ' l re
p tpr.t' Oír•ensio·•s '!1 tJl~ ~"" dard l!¡j•,·e no f>J1t-!l(f1Ces f JI •nfi1v r. ¡:d
SilCS drtlf Wdll trHl:l,n"'~SC.
2.1.2 '.ldiUidGIUIBI~· \"IP.L¡Ill;' (~·(ll~U 5J.I'CC) w•;m llllll~d¡;d, ,1¡ OOIJ ago oS 193U,
10 be supo~sqtlcd IN scti•~rtul,- ·uHrl•ns. Hrrwr.vo1, 11r.monf1 fnr rhcso ...,¡,U
h!c\nosses h"s ca~;ser1 lh(hl wnnufnr.u.~.--~ H1 .. O,HIIiiJ,~. Con~;,. ftrttng:. ;;re
dvai1.1blu l •nly '" mauular.nm:rs' \".'l:-4hh
r !;lS dune•tS·O'l$ ltullt thu :;UI:UIII.I ·uuJ !1 11 J SIJlHCú$ a•t:: ncorp:HúlCd 1 1
~~'·\~ Noíiornf :>tanda• d U36.1OM. 1~GI~ 1'-1 hs! O•men~":n' lru
we.:Lleo . m~J-osnamlnss ·swr•l :llf)i! 1n 1h1~i $landard. ~:~rd 41\+!J :1t::tv1ú.J ddHI.
!RON PIPE SIZES 'NCi e 111 l!¡) V CStab!•Shi!d for •NrOtJt,;ht mm PIOO, Wllh ·,\'ii 1
'hic:l;,ne~u~ dtsigllllll'd bv 1!111 'u1m~ '':trJ•ulu·d (W•!tqht). 'exlla·sHonu' JO(;
'dOutl.e-cKtréJ·S1'0f'tJ' Urfo·a tha 1C;riOCul(l n~tmber SC':hrrr{l1or ~lr·r.l rtp; 1/v~
ftrsl publ·.ihi"f1 bv tha 1\mr·Kun Stu,dorrls A~sOCI.)I·nn m 1935, rh•! trrvt p Pt:
S•lf!S wnrc rno,h 1iNI tm $:,.~1 r•P' h'v' t;l,r¡htly tt-c:r"'si:1g t'P •.vd!l tluckrH·~+:-s
i I!J\t·flg tht· outs•rh1 d,m'Ult!IS r.rmsl.tnl~ ~~~ lhül !lt;J wt¡_;hts n~r loot i!L/ft)
eq.IU ed l'le •fiii11NJ,:~ '<'•l!!:flls
\•\hJIJght·i~lYI p!~ ltlll un!JC Ira~.) n~s bocr tu"Jlplf.!te y SIPP'i':f·rt!·l t,.., '!.lt'P.]
p pt>, tml sch,.rtu e '1Wnhers, ~n~enrJcc re suoplanl ro·• r:uoe ~~up.:.ttOftS ~he
no! uS~S tonlifltJCd tO spct fy ('l p:, i'l fO'l p¡pe t~ftrS, !Wld as "he ll ~
2.1.3 lf<DOOOOd, thcse lr••m• .1111 •e ullofl 11 A\SI stand31d ll36.ltW..t i')! $1l!fl ~'P'l
Sch~du e nan!M;~ :.'Uó~ llt~.:JdiJCCd 1~ •:srablish ~;pe \"E.sll th1ttJ~J'S. lr1
formula, b,Jt as ñ;J'I :h.ckm~cs m cornl',~n ~,.-,e com n·.nd tu :.!epau t¡Ofn
those p·ooosed trv lhe sclilr.Wl. sct-.cJ 1lo nurn!tt.1S 1\0':. 1~11 ~Y ·.·.JI tn c<-
11€SSP.S ol p pr. rn thn rt•lfr.JC>nl nmro,.11Hes as A\SI 836.10'! sta:es ··as a
ttll1•::rir.m dr.s.;'Jlitlton ~yst Mn fv1 1US tn Olt)~rnq''
STAtNLESS·STEE L SIZES Amertr;;Jn N<:llonal $Wnd:1rd 836. Hl estabiiS~ed PLASTIC&)':pe made lrom pi \IS~tC$ 1TiíiY be JS!!d ti> COIWey at.l!vcl)• OOIIOSwe
a 1an;;-e of 1h111 wdllod .!\!ICS 101 sl;uulr!SS·Steel :Hpe, .odenulled by szhr.dult~s fÍwds, and 1S P.spechlly uscful lm h,mdlin~J c~..:nosive or Lu~Hdous gases and
SS ano JOS diluli: M111er;:;l adds. Pia.sl!cs tJI ~ en1ploved 111 th1ee ways as Jll nlastlc p¡¡·n:::r
a~ 'fllled' plaslic rnatefials (gtnss·f<hr.•·n• nlurccú, Cdrbon hlled, etc j anrt ~s
MATERIAL$ FOR PIP E 2 .1.4 tu ung o' t oatioy (r¡att:lia:Sc. P!ast•c pipe i~ madc imm pul;lfJIUPYiene. poi y·
mhvl•nc WU. ¡Jolybutyiena {Pf\1, poly<inyl clllolid~ ll'VC), ac:vloMiilr·
STEE L PIPE No!!l!(l.ly 1efe:s lll t<llbou-stP.e-1 ptf;B Snam WO:dr.d slr.o' pipe i$ IJu tad•ene·stv•eoe (ABSI, r.elluh>sc ar.etat"butymle (CAB). polyoleli>1s, a11d
lf\<Jtk lru111 ¡.¡!ate Ssam:ess OIPC •s made us1n9 di~. Cr;mumu fimshe5 aru pulyestérs. t>ipe made ffon , ¡¡olve$ter anct epoxy n~stns is frcquerulv 1;1ass·
'hiac ~' f'plrun • nr 'm•ll' f1~"'liSh l anrJ ~Jivanizcd. hber·•eil! iOited ('FRP') and comrnerCiítl prCH!ur.l) ()1 th~ ;ypu hove BUOd
·usisl;.mte lC •;ve-ar aod che~rucu an;:¡ck.
e uflec liv sctec lP.rl Sle21 P•OB oi'f!f$ lhe StHlnlllh and dUialJ;I¡{y leQUHeri lm
lhe appltc:atinn ••uul thc rt.u:ti1ily C111tt mad1inabilitv reQulrr.d lo 1nin it and
fnrm it in tu I"P·'IY ('spUtJis' ·• see 5.2.9) Tho sJJir.clcd nirn;: wust wuhsmnrl
1hr tnl uli11\in~ of tlse. espociíll,y or~urn. lmflpmallllfJ and coHosion cundi·
tinnr. Thcsu requiicments arí! met tly' selectino ni pe made to an a:;p1opttate COMPARABLE USA & EUROPEAN
~H1111Iad. m u-lnwst t)iJ mstances íln ASTM ur ¡i.PI standard (see ? 1 3 anc~ S?ECIFICATIONS FOR STEEL PIPE
tabl,• 1.5 )
1\SJM A5l fiS lttll 011'1 1629
Hl.~d ~·e•' ~, W' l :.n p!!!Cü~ I•11'S. i1l .J lo• V''IJ' :JIIIJ I.JütJ(h! 'l. ,¡~l~
· d .. .; •''l-'1
,,.,,. ·' ....~,
H l , 7'JI,
1-11 t ?> ...
:.~ h
.,., ~·1 ..,.,
~~ la ~,.:,IJ ~ ;\1')
·-·~ f<lt,.l · "'

lH.u~ 'C ..'\~T\tA ::3 :u /:.STM .•\-lfki. ¡_..rua.:·:.~GIIv ,,, wall !'u t: -¡~.¡t: ASTMMl 8Sl~1 OIH 1626
t .,, ,, -,,, rw1.
dc·l:.dl'/1 ~-•w.·.
l!"l .. uJ !l. y ~¡h;:il11 t: 411 ~Cl. ;n-:l•··,lf'viJ·.:lt.lt:l). -.·.·e_(¡r¡JS.~~TP _:.n:i Y.S Bt)i'' •'••c.t<· fol ~.\ •-!Wo"l 1 .,, 1•,; n:ot r.·,.,
ASfMA?J OtN HIZG
A~TV ¡:\ :;:-i .m•: ;\S:\1 /\ llJij p J~ 1s :&t_.,,_;tt:~r: ~:~;:1 · 1 ::<>'i ::· :i•.... t::1~:J , !Jv ''fA ,, •••1 '~· ••, - ' "·'•

1 r.l 1 .si ''lt ,•,•e 1'1·•1. ¡,, G:J les ."\ ;rul ¡.) f:¡:;.des 8 ,,-,...._. !••r tur¡l• I\$1Mioltl~ 8$3501
;,_,;!o "· H!":'.l •:• 1!1 1! 'liS 1;! W ("-~
r1!I ~C gfOO€'$ 1)1 A . !_}¡) .)f{: ;!Vil! .!!il[' Gra~e:: /\, "" :ill:l r.. ti: ,,,,,¡,.¡,. HS:O' ···.:.:.'' •¡1', 1·~ ..,.,,

IJ'1·~· ~· • W'C~I!'IrO ~j'·1Siil' $HI~!I ¡¡, 1\STM 11134

'8S' ...3601
-"-'
OIN 1h'2'
1 1 .,. 1 .;,, :- r f•;¡
t\SlM All~ ES J601
1ne most w>Gely stoc<ed ~·Pú •s 10 ASTM A· 120 wlur.h cc·;e:s •Nelrie<1 and ¡,, "'"' :. rrw. ;·:- .. ,,, 1 ~:. ,j!. 2 ~ :;·,•, !ol'• IJl_.,_.,-,
.. ~,.. ; rnw :' 1' ... -·' -.r 1 ~ ..·,\ ,j~ 1.:1 lo1 IV,
seamlcss ptpe lo• normol use m sti!i)m, water, and gas ( inc~iid lll'l ;M) liurvir.(~. 1\STM A1l9 Mli!Ol OIN t6Z6
ASTM A·l/'0 1$ 1101 inJtlnded r01 tJending. coi~mg O! hnjh lempr;r<~lUW smvit:e.
(io_¡o;.• .:.
1,¡1 ..:-· fJ
'''N :·:t
ti.~"
1!'-l" , :.1 lf
~-~~·· ;~,;.(;,
11 s n~11 spccillll:l ~o' llydn~cadJOfl process lines. II.STMA1\I\J es :~uo1 OIH 16.16, Bltlt 3, '"'"'
"'"'
L
"'
r·,:¡
·~
emiiiAl•o• !;
~~ .. ...
-

,1 -i}-,
,,.!'/ -''
~

lu mt! Otl a1H'J HOIUfal ya.s IOdiJ-Stf!BS, Slt'Ul pipO usr.d 10 COIWCy Oil and gas IS
nanulactu(ed ro tfle An1e'lcan P(!llilhJum lnstitute'sstandard t\PI Gl, wf't1<:h
" '-'t>
., i-/1
..;\, IJ.
,,
>!•L-/'
.:; (
.,, ..... 1
.
apphes l'<lhlet tou~ro nt compos•iioo ~mi nutre tl!slm¡:; Ilion ASl M-120. <t' .,,, -,,'),! 1

A" ~L
,J<!. o\ :0V l~
.>31. }~:Vl'S
8S 36UI
hf' 21 e. Cf;(. :{')
l· f' ..., t. r:n:& ...,
,, ..
I)IN
,,,., ~~
l~a
',1· l:'t>P
·,1' 1l:S4 .• :
S1cal sp<~cilicatiuns in othel counnles may t OII'C!\pond '.'.'ith USA ~rcr.¡fj.
M I ~L 8S l li01 DIN 162S
r:;uicns. Sa111t! roHespomJi nu european standards tor corbon steels Mó ~ o1o- A 1 •t\\
.,,¡,.1\ .....
t-1\l'i '};
I:IU••,}·
l'!.ol!
w..u.l·.," 'l•ll'
,¡_;..t, IR•,',
....,1• ,,.,,,,to_,,
:Ul•~

!;:l.::unir.ss- sleci!l are liswd in mbh: 2.1. es !601 DIN l~l6

Ouublt-wt!dfll
:.0HI)• ,., 11 ','.')~' l!lol!t .A..-! . ~•'•
::i••ll•f>ll'o\ !IW/{1 l':,,u A~: f_¡,·,
t RON p1p-e is rnade from cast· ron and d1.(:tih:·i10n. Tht': ll'llii'IPi:l uses are A.P151. 8S 3tiUI ()I N 1$26
I I'W 11(1 ;.>,• tt!~" 1 ._\1 ~· 1 1 ·t.-
lor •Nater. IJ&S, .and sa..vage lines. 'SrilY:I!'r -l 1f A41" 1$p~o:y r!Pf $1 Gr~ H f/HM~Jlil)~ltuvJ / 111 i"MI' If"f(f

OiHE:R M erALS &- A L LOYS P1pe o; ¡nbe made lrom coppe1, leod, 1\STM A.ll2 es J60i WSN 0t'litNtiot
>"
¡;
lf> ,-,{ ..,•••;. Í!l.•l
... 1
-4 .... , ... ~ 1-:'<t.• ••, . , ,;i'~'J}j 1-~;..t

nic;ket brass, alu>n>Oum and va11ous stoinlnss steels can be reaúily obtamed, (;.!j i

" -•..:s
~,:,.:j-:
(,...,,, b••H
tf ~ -~t .0,\..tl,,'!,!l
·.•,.,:;.,.,,,:.r
.>1 >/J:..:-c~

Tñt..-~Se nmUH1alsare :elatwetv expens1·-'e ond ilmsole-¡;tcd usu;;lly cilhC:I hecause •" tFvn l.:•;o~
f•t¡o~I!.J')
I•V:.
....
"""'-' ..
~.~,
'
'
1'; l• ll •;> r;.¡.;
.. '• l lo1.1'> l~j 1" <.1!'?-~~1

ol 1heu partJcular corros1on res1stance 10 the p;o~.:ess cht:mical, theu good

~
~
~
""
lF JI ! ' r_,., ;>: lt~.')
~ G• ..::o·t··iSt ...¡.¡.~ ..•.v . ;:.C.\...:V
he<~t transfer, or for theu tcns!le strengU' at high Lemporatum'i. Coppm and "" '"
~,~,t
' "" '
,.~
(''*"'f!M,
r., .... ¡;27 r, .!'>.1. 1
' lt I'·Nil• l f '• <t<: ;:\U.,,7
cocper a!loys are tmdnu>oal lm dls;;uuumt lioes. food pwcessmy. ond heat "" ""'
..
r,,. >• F:~· Ti
c,•..,..l!~: 'ill
trans.ft~r cqutUHlCIIt, bm stf: ml~-s steuls o1e 111Cíeas1ng•v be<flg ussd for these ' "" ,,,, ,.,,..,,,,.;p;••,. 4'·''' ' !('! f ·'t<t
'" ' "'':7~.:S.·'J]

l)UfPOSeS.
l •i
Jhe Arrr.'•rnr NJut:na, !::wndaros lnstllultl ~:c.:: un •l'lt.cell ~eventl schédules WElOEO & SCR EWEO JO INTS 2.2. 1
.1.3
fut ~.HI.ll' 'lli!d~ trorn ·:tHUHJS plastu;s. 1hoSf ANSI $(, nr1arrts and c:th~rs tor
p ,))JtC p :-~~ n·e hww . -, ~ab!e /. 5
Ltr,cs N?S ? a1·1J lu1q¡'~1 au ''suo11y b~~~t-weldcd.
INkr:rnof Vv~y uf t(ltflinq !~H9!.''-dl;-ur~'l•r plp 11•j U~v.JIIV Suct~
l.'t:O:'IOI'f"IIC
:.hr~ lC1'1g tl1e must 2 .2.4

l1ne$ aru Sli.Ltt:r tracwJ tu 11: p•Jmy rdb!IC~tor :Uf preltttmc.¡tmn ''' svcaon1
GLASS Al\-tj:}SS p¡p·('lg •s U'iied fnr 1$ t~:nn:ul n~~:Jit:.e. ch!PIIír:css z:ml tetmr.d ·s¡.¡ocls', ~htm fftnsporred I:.J u·~ ~¡e 1 •
11 tr _y Gtass P•Pe ~NI suntre• 10 'crat r~· olll~r f:n:nd in ;13ss·lire1
oO<Jit ' , · k · .·. -.. and are normattv f~c-r1.1n by
'lltJt ul'lv ~~ sa.of:t~ la rcpeo:eG lteHr<al $lft$SC$ Pice. tl:hngs. and ~r<f. tl11~ Jtplt..; tUII!rJCtcr fll.'fi Ó'O'>'o-rYJS. r·-ei(! •:.Jn
4
tlfliJ S.;HJJ,I·Iabl ca!td p IJÍilg
\',~In nm it;,l \\bll~ bt"h ro:r ~n:;ce;... p :lÍflfJ an<1 "ra rhatnrtgc, cn~'lir:q G!ass ••e diltv""" n !>.1.9.
Wu • S o11ets a f\:te:~ 'Ccnttal S)'SiP.:n fc1• W~JC~ hc'lt!$ il 1, 1Y,, 2. 3. 4
at1f1 SulCh s1:t-s :!Dl ~·mh L.50 F as tl·o u•• muM ope!attng ~r.,rr.·at!HP., SOCKET·WELOEO JOINTS 2.2.2
,JIId ~·r·s•J•e ••nyes 0-Go PSIA 11 n ·~·., 3 '" 1 0-50 PSI/>. !4 111.) ofld
O :'b PSIA ([ w l G!ass cocts, Slldll C!) ij!l(l ¡twrr"J()WO lsme avnikib'l':. P10(; L•k~) lif.II!Wci!...J:I·~ ·fH!. Sockot wekJiriJ •s used 101 i·nes ul smal'e' s·TfJ'\, but
lllil''~s Hlll equ•~ment <ue 1u•rcrl hv lltnl<:H a~Y.'~II !Jiios \\'~ 1 Ch bear on lho? t,j' J,¡, +iv•tl.t• lt!~o\:!~P. I' 11\lr.,-Ü_¡f':flt;=;'¡S,'j,!'fll •\¡ l!i·l ,1 l.tl•,t ',11:~f.l
1hld:enflll r:nm:al mds ol orpll h~n<¡l hS 1111d llltlrlQ~. C~m in9 SISO otters a +/,lll'll 11 t 111 .tl<h. Ht•!l IH •1II!Ud•: '.'l; 't.Jill,i_iJ! l:ol!ll''l • :¡-.•:t 'fl' _.._.:-;

Pvrmc Auu 'NJSle Dnunltne s·,·stero 10 1%, 7. J. ~ nnc1 inch S>l,~S 0 0) Wlth n ·.,1 kul •'~-'l'hl+ r. 111 1\ ¡, 'ltl' lt!~t , .•_fi'f ll. S.l 1 II;Lt.~. I!!W• '/+·t

teaded t~nds 101neo tiV Tal Ion gílSM!Wd ilylon rurupttlbo'Su>•l LOL+t.ll+n~ !3oth
Curmmt !.Y\IUI'S t;JII! madc hum the SrJitle boro~• CJtn <~I.)S~ BOlT EO·flANG E JOI NTS 2.2.3

FIJngc~ drl. expcf'l~ivc anc for the mcsl na1 are ~~~d to mm~ ....-ith fl<tnllt!d
-LININGS & COA'TINGS LU',"lQ ur COJting CtJrbO"'' ~:IM?I r~~n~ \"',utll ü material v~s. ep,.~tprP(Ht~. v.11v..s. ¡n-1 to process ltnr.s ~,.t, eh rn.J·.,. tP.'II.Hn p(!fl(lf"ltc
..~'!;' to ,,. th>!Ol'ld C'l'Em1cal atnr~ pcrrnHS i·.s J\P. t'1 r.1rn¡ c.::nsos ·.-e fl~1ds l. C-.f; lll.
Lef'!Jitl$ olllfl(d JUpea,c fi:tll"'llj'S dtB jo•r~d by llflll~~.. .~n1 efb0':.1. ter.s, e· e.
,,re ít:l•hbl!:! clrecdy 1!a'lgfd. :_.nm~ hubber. loe t'),lJ"\CJie) c..1r. be ap:di!ll! Flao~ ¡o n:s.JJe noaJo uy tal ti~ l!lge!~er :wo 118'lgeS wflt, a ~-.s~er oc·~
,,l·l'f I.:JLtKC:ht;r t~•e piping. but pJOtt ~ ohen rue hnrd. ord ~:tn,/actun~•s. 1/lent lU D!Ov Ó) 8seal Arfer (Q 7 6 lo• ,¡anda•d lm¡¡t.'d-Stl>ll fl.rllje< dJJd
q 'tle ns.troc·aons to· rma<1ng oinu: lm,n~ o· v:uums tul !lees, ;~1~1-tS. r:le:a·s gas~et>.
dO~ •; II<O~S !glassvl materiil:S arcw.•ar aJie. P1•ly,invl el ou~e. polyprooy;ene
Jfld capolyrr..e1s are ~r.c most cbmmtJ'' tOdlll'tJ 'lla:tell&h. CaJtJo~Hteel ¡lipn FITTINGS 1.2.4
1111r·n¡,11id l.'\' urtTTlefs1oa. into ·no: len tinc lhvt· hp IJJI•.'í1017Cd) '" .Jsr.rt ·m
:u1 IH\'11'!.1 tJr 1~.1ng .·.·atet. ms~rumcnt .1;1 1nd lt'Winu~ mhn1 Huid~ RubtJ\•r Fttinys ~onui1 a Ll~t.mge tll tJHt>CI :ln of p;rung. a change tn cJ¡JmOtCI ol flirc.
lml•''l is uft~n used w hand·.e ;~h~ilsivt: f1111d:-.. 1H ,¡ l:·,nlth ! t\ h• fn,II!O lml'!l 'hn !Tii'llll '""Un 1'·1 ¡J!f:(!. Tt-·I'Y .He lmnu:IJ 1!11111
plaw nr IHPII.mr,r.hil 't!d fHtm lv1qud hlrmks, ra~i. m muhlud frrvu l l.l\!iii(':S,
rEMI'En/ITllRF & P[I~SSURE LIMITS 2.1.5
Clmn 2 1 l>ho..vs thc totulOS of butt·welding f~tungs IISo-d V~~tth pipu ul ·mlio11s
.111 + • ':.!H•h !11)t: ~~·e!'u_¡~l •.r l•tll IP'"flll ,.11.11, schedule uunüt~~s .md wnuu lactuwrs' •:.-e g"IS. For lf;rtlensiOilS of lJU ll ·
,llll1! 1' flHt 1 + h!!!l~f··f: !i:;:!~ii.!L.''I"'•,' 1 11 ~f'",•l' 1' •IJ•I'.' lflf' l1rr .l"f' h.!~" , ••~ldin¡¡ filling1 nnd llanges, see tobles D·l ¡h·u D·O , nnd Jahll!s F·l thru
)tr..,¡,l :;~.ü F f- 1 11 ¡l t! t ,. ••¡:•~·,,!¡' ~_.~ ac(•.........,.t f./ Droliw•¡ $Vfl•buls "'" Qivcn "' charls 5.3 lhJu 5 !>

Thrrad"l f,IIOnJ¡< ""''"- PmsSU'o Cillss des qna::ons ot 2000. 3000 awl6000.
P., • ure Jdti~ fe:- slL-el p1pc .r· tlrfh~•enf •eMpe-:atures a(e ca1cw.1rM S:>< <el··:•e Ju•r hl!foJ"s .,.,,& P·t•ss.ne Class oe:;o;¡oauons of JIXXJ, 6000 até
, r.cor~ ·~ lo l~e ANSI 831 Codc lllf P'l".SUJe P pong Lle:a ed n 0000 lhr:. :~Me ProlS!Ure Class desg'la" ons rela:e to scht'<i•l• n Jmbln aflé
•a~te 1 '2} ~~\$f 331 gi't'eS $llm/tc·npt'1ahnc v~J Jti loe tlu~·.. a ous rrnn~Aac::w ~$·\',. Q'l'S lor ruoe sshcr:."ff !'1 table. 2 7
ue !.l rr.m :.-1< eh r flf< s L:t"";('::=:ed
CORRELATIOI"f OF CLASSOF THR CADE.D lABLE 2.2
& SOCK.ET Vt'EI.OtNG FITTtNGS
METHODS FOR JOINING PIPE 2.2 \VITH SCHIEOVI.E$/WEIC HTS Ot: PIPE

DUTT,WE:LO!:O SEE 2.3 1 PIPE DHIGNATION SCH/MHl'S

SE!: 2A
,..,....-
SOCKEH\'t:LDEO .
P1~u•e Closs 2000 3000 6000 9000
...
SCflEWEO . su: 2.5 xxs T ABL ES
~~aded fittings 80/ XS 160
SEE '2.3. t , ?,,4,1 & 2.5. 1
BOL T EO F LANGE ,
Sockered fittings 80/XS 160 xxs 2.1 & 2.2
OOLTED OUICK COUPLINCS SEE 2.8...2
151
S!.'LIIUI'-S ? 1.3 thru 22.4 ,,NI! sh!r::r thot lhl!f1! 1s. u w1de vat1ClV nt
ddfM"nti.,Hated ptpe, f tm-:gs: ami •n.ater•els iro1n w'mh w m;;~e a cho•~~
Charts ~. 1 thru 2.3 st".Q'>'\' '1ow van<JUS we ql"lts :1f PHlil, litt:oys and v:ilvcs
BUTT-WELDED PIPING CHART 2.1
l:! n l.t• u,r•,lJir1ed ..,. • n•p m:J s.¡s~t:m. CARBON·STEEL PIPE & FORGED·STEEL FITIINGS
COMPONENTS FOR BUTT·WELDED 2.3 ••
PIPING SVSTEMS
1["10 Pft{PAftATit !Ir V. PIP( 6. \.•HHOO O~
.()f!.lt..'(j to
lfVII..l 'fUI O ,_,[ fltT 'l,j(¡
WHEAE USEO: f:Jr ·noS! PIO''""· IJtihiV itfld lei\'ICC ~ip '1(; r~¡.-.c;F \'A, \'f-, n~ IOLII~'',.Vfl

AOVANTAGE OF JOINT: \1osl¡tr;,.:titablev.<.~v ti OIIW"'g lar~el p1peia'lé

fii1ifl~., .,,¡ n;ll .ilfe·s rcli"l11,, le.:!kuroof ¡o nn

OISADVANTAGE
OF JO INT: lnHUG•II!l wcld 1111)1!11 nay ,¡lll•tll ow !/ 1 !'.; 1~ \J\1 U\l , J[ tiOIHI'/'-1 . ' t.Ps ...
uun WfL\,lfl>
HOW JOINT IS MAOE: Thn 0111 (lf 1110 pipu is ~cvolad as showll in
FOA '<"t-IJ
t h•ol 2. 1 Fttll11!1~ are sln11latly beveled bv '<0-\ll'l•\l loFII) I"''.JIII
Wi.l(,tl1 Qf rll't <- ll f f'i(,•. r~~.;ICII,II\LLY
fhe manufactWet n)fl (Wn Pilrl~ ;ur, ,¡Jigm!d, :JS(O CW) cr U' 1111-+.. M Wo\Hf.(!o\L!i Q¡'l
,:o¡p( " .\,\'L•II
..........r ..,,,...
II E·"·\<IE~Wfl... ~!l ~ ~ ~fo ,.. f ll ~l'l GS WILL S<ZE rflo,. ' ' " '
propc1ll¡ 9·lflPOtl, llte l wuld~.!d. 1:ntl the11 t1 t:Ofll· i).[Pr~P 0N l"flf ".,'.JIH. lt-Wi>fH"-lUR( t , .Qii
lmltms \\'!.lid is m~Jdfl1n cnm¡.J'Ct t thP tOIOl Tllt COiutO~I(,lN All(MM;(;l JllOU!fiF n
.. 11 1 1 1 ~
•.o
'"
Chut 2 1 S"''OWS lhí· filtin~ of pioe. fltl109') olrld Vill'\11~ lh,;~l ,P(f! (:f)t'TUTl~lllly
'""'~ooed or ""'' lk ~ toget~er. 11 "a gutde only, ¡¡1\{j MI a substitule
lora prO!et~ s:pr~:f.cai-nn..
VALYES
FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS & FLANGES 2.3.1 f- .W 1,.- ¡ At.O ·so .IIXt tJOu too .1\\t 1 Gl• .. ~'
1 AJ (_. 1 'o'AlV(~ A.CCONUff-N 1~ SVS"' 1'" Pf\fSSU
FOR BUTT WELDED SVSTEMS

Aul1 1 10 tJb 1(!S O. F fl!)d V•/·1 ior dmwnsurns .atuJ VYP!I¡hts. ul 1tWn';$ anr.
~">1
~~~··

¡;
..,_,
~l

:....,~
MI
(UII. l;1•c;; !lt, ANU
',MAl 11 \'Al._,['¡
!;ao·:;t!S,
USUA I. l Y 300 rMMtlllti t;,:l J 1 lÜ!

El.BOWS or 'ELLS' mao:e 90· ur 45·deoree chlHUJ~s iu di~cc1iun ol 11e wn

uf ptpe, lhr elbows flor:naHy used are 'lung, r<Jdiw.' (LIO ••.,-ith cemerhnt!
"' !i~ 5 3.5 "111Jto' 0··••""0<'•'''1 c¡,•)O>'S
wdu:s ¡;1 cu,v,¡tlu re eQua· to l Y~ tm1r.s the nornmulpipr: $ilulor NPS 3/4 dod 1•\ IJo~eld<·l "11¡' \l.lllt,lll>l"' l(lffl<rll!! '11,111 ll..,lf ll'li\'1 ~O! r-SC"II.'d ~r! IWft'"l ,¡fly ltll llV,..!CJifoC) 10111.1
~...1u1 ru ....."'''''~' ..,,.,~""'"" ..,cl<l wa~~tt .mcJ $1: " " t'...:;"<;fn'l ot .,..,..,., ., - •~• l<<ull I 1'""'M l'll'd··
l.unut sues. 'S.I~oli rae us' (SAl etbc1NS w1rh ctNi!rlinc r:1dt.1s 1d r:.u1vat~Jrr !1-•1' 11•1'* l.h fl~ ""1!1(1•'111, 1'10' 1 ¡•o¡ o~lw .... ~..t\"' olfo " ' Y'llllC!nt ""' Notl"''oll o; ,¡J!e\J 1 • 1'>•·•1' \i•lvl<ot.
11-Jt V!u..ld ... ,_ur.todi-11'11 ¡ ,~ aA•u~c lll.oiiU ~..,_,, ;1.1. ht>oou~ 'IU'Ipti'MIQO') •hl'l" .,.,, 1 ...1< to-Jd
tuu.tl tu !h! no~tUidl P•Pe so e ;:re al so 4'/<Jtloblc. 9{).(le::¡rr!u LR c. Uo·.·,'S o,•.nh ,.,.,¡, ,,. hot...wl t;<ll.._llf"'' ..~ IOOO•h ,.-wt ,·,.:>I.•I'VJ lion~t'l. $<1" ?' 1 ~

str3tr¡ht rx:r,-;ía" at ene r-"1 ('long ~angcnt'l are $lll • ...-.il>t~le tn STO
.,.,, ni 1' ff a1irl!
8ACKINC RINO FtGURE 2' 1
AEOUCING ELBOW r"ke$ a 90cr;¡ree tha0'1' in dillltlillll '"lh tha<l!lf' n
lirt• ~~~, Ru!t...:irq ellJ~,...,5 ha·.-e tl'r'lte:tl•ne rad:us ot curvatwn \Y1 til'lles lhe
111 ~""di t.~:t ü1 •he OIPE 10 te ;ntaehed to tl11l lafgei cnd.
RETUAN chbn~es 1irccuon ol llcw :hou IHO doqu,.$, ,,,~ is used lO
conSliUCI healim·· r.~i ls, vc•ltS ~~~ tanks, etc.
llENOS J re modc lrom SJc;dght pioe. Cotttlllun beudiiiU tadti are 3 and 5
ltii'·CS lhC ptpn sil!! (JR nnrl 5R ~ends. whet e 1~ ll011tlll3l PIPO Sf7e-
llOntlnOI il!Oti'Ctor, nor rmlius). 3r! bcnds n1c uv~iiJ~Io lrom stock. L~rger
rodlus twnds can be C•J Stu:n rrwde. pretnwhly lw hot bc·1du1g. On\v seam ii:Si
or elr<:mc·leS Stance··...-eldcú ptpe is suthJhlc ter lJ( ndillfJ.
1

t• t
ELBOWS & A (TURNS FIGURE 2.2 SWAGE i:¡ WTifhOyed H' '=Oilnect but: +o•;eldQd tupmg to Sl'fl.;lll~:r scr~·.-ed or
.2.4
'JOO l.ONO•AAOIUS
sockelv....Jdcd piping lfl bull welded 'mes, used as art .l~tcmat.'ii: tu thf
teducer wt"aen gu~alcr recut1HJrts in 11oe Sw! n~e reQu~~t!t! Rogurar s-,y~ 2 .3.1
(LBOW 900 SHOilT·RA.UIV\ in r.oncenu•c 01 eccen111c lmm give ablliPI r.nann~ of hne si1e, as do
ri~OOw
reduccrs. Tho! 'ventol!' swnort a'lows snot>otlot'l fluw. Rel~~r tO ldblo 2.3 foo
spe<:ifyino SWJ9as lolr joioinr¡ tu socretwPtdio'rl itü·ns. and to toblr• 2..1 for
specify ~ s-.·: tiJ:S for lOIOiiiiJ lu sen~ ¡:upinu For offset. S(.'t~ 'Reduce!'
$WAGES. Of SWAGED NrPPL(S FIGUR S 2:.4

•
c;ONCFNTRIC

I_CNO·RI'I.UIU$
Hl:i.lURN

ECC(N1 q1c

HCUUC IN O
C HART
FLQOw 2.1
"HnnT·RAOIU:O MITEREO ELBOWS ah: l,!hrtC3teá as ll:lllllfr.d from urpt• lh(IV CW'e not
H.L TURN
littiogs. The usr ot muers 'a ma»:.e c:t dfliJI'S ,n direclm« w prac.ucally
II!Sli!Cled to low-pressure lnms IO·mch and latglll if the vrcS<ure drop is
mimpoftalll, lm these ut:tl!: reoulaf el·tJU!Jif.) woutd be 1:0l>llwr. :'1: Z-p•ecc
90-~eg,.u~ 1nltc1 ha~-i{IIU 11 ~~~ lir IUSíhQ hv.doJIJiit~ re~tvnce..ol 11.11~ t:OHtt>
f..
1'l¡j¡u ,.,! ;r 1.11 •J!I J-·.u:, r' ¡•!!1L•h :tf'\r! o;h :1 . ·! lt• wd .-.. +f}>-.; u 1 1 l'.. l¡_;·1e ••
~O 1"9,..• • ''"~ullnoultie tkD>..,....1alltiHO llbW>lliAko reo,ara~
k~ ••lbQl'· re lo" to taL~ F·IO. ConstrU<tíons for 3-. 4-, illld 5·P•CC1l mners
1
;¡re silcwn rn tables M·2.
¡__.::_>.::_•_;N_;">; .__..j
3·PIECE & 2.Pt ECE M ITERS FIGURE l.S IFIGUI=1CS
2.1- 2.5
REDUCER (O< INCREASEAI jOlns 3 larq¡r pope 11> a sm.JIIeo One. [he l'o'M 3-f'lt:CE tr~ITEA
BV?.iiablo ··tp¡!s, c:oocentuc a'ld eta!nuic, JI~ •J10W11 Tht_• cc:centrit teñucer \'··~==
1S use!i wtwn 11 is r•cccss.ny Ir) : cer> P.1l '1er lh~ 10p 01 1"1e bu11om ot 1he hne
level-ullsul tf'l;uals Y1 x Onn¡r!t 10 mmus :iHH!Ihu 10).

REOUCE RS FIGURE 2.3

1--·-·-.. ·¡
CO.""Ct:!'iiHI<.:

===rr
ECCE.NfRIC

\f ~ ~¡
"¡ t=::l
1 !
l
1

li;
The lollowing fivp flongn IVP!'S '"~ usnd lot uutt-welded fines. 1 he different
flongo facings ov,,ilahlf' 11<1! thstuSSI'tl in 2.6
WELDING-NECK FLANGE, REGULAR & LONG Regular wetding-nock
flanges are usetf with hlltt-weldmg lrllings. Long weldlng-neck flangos
at'!JW!!l•.!.!),Yused-W.!, ve'2§.1an!lequiomell.l. nonJas. raml~ íoLOIP!l- 'SUitablc
::ht're e:a-l' .. rll' l'"nrw• 1m· · l'••.u. n1 1.nf1 \'il';.·:•~·v ~ l•esscs ou¡rv_Regu-
liJ:rlty--ur lñB" b~ 1$ n,liñTa~efe1 lo lnb 1P.S F lor bure diar.-•eters ol
these f1~"9es
WELDING-.NECK FLANCE FIGURE 2..6
REDVClNG FLANGE Sui toblc fnr clmngi11y lino SilO, hui should not ue
used if at.uupt traosition would create uod~1roblo ltlrhllnn<:e, as u; pump
connectlons AViJ¡Iable w order 1n wo:dmq nock ami occuntrtc types, aP.d
usua•ry froll"· s;ock '" shp on typn. Sr><>e•fv hv non11nal p1oe s•m. staung
the we ol the larger p1pe lnst Exa·uptc: a shp 011 ruducm¡ llange to ccnnect
a NPS 4 P'D'' 1:Ja CIJss 1!iO NPS G1mn-wc !la•·IJC '' specd 110:
REDFLG NPSGxt. Class l~USO
For a v.!!fO,ng-neü 1edtrcing ftonsr. Cllrr<!C1 lwra is oiJtan~ed IJv g••:i• q tlm
pipe sc•oc'llule number or manufacture~· wo•ght ot thO npo :o be NB dcd
on
REDUC1NG $LIP.O,.. fLANGE
FIGURE 2.8

~B
.L
«
\
o '
,.. , ~ - ' N~ 4

~
\

SLIP·DN FLANGE •1 ptopedy used to flanue pipe. Slip-on flanges can be

used with lufi!J"IJ•tuonl elbows, reducetS, and ;wauesfnot usual prac!lce).
The interna! wold •s sllgh tly "'"IU subjcct lo cu~ro,ion llm1 tho bu ll wcld.
Tho flonoo hO$ roor rr.siSIMCC! In >hock lUid vlbrallon. 11introduces' iiOgulartly EXPANDER Fl.ANGE Apphcall:ln as lot weld nn·nnc~ llango see obove
in thu boto. 11 is dlllilfJOI w huv than the weldlno-nack flange, bu 1 is costl•er lncfl!asos pipe si>o to fiiSt or ~etond lorl)"t silo A1ternatl1e to using 1edocer
10 assemble. lt is oasio1 " ' üllgn than the W!lldmg·neck flanoe. Calculated and v.oc ldiug-ncc~ llnugc. Usorul lur ~~ounf!cllng 10 val\!m. cnrnnrnssors ~md
strengths undcr imemol pres.uro aro aboul 0110 thi rd 1hat ot tho corrcsponding pumps. P1essure 1atings and dimeusiuus Rll' ·!1 ttct;ord wilh ANSI Blti.5.
W!lldtng-neck llanges. 1110 pipe or frttlng is set back from 1he lace ol the
flangea diswnce eQuJito the wt~ll tnickness O" ,. 1/16"
EXPANOER(~ INCRGAStRI FLANGS FIG URE 2.9

SLIP·ON FLANOE FIGURE 2.7

1 - ~·:>
\ - ....J . ~
-
t...-tCR r ~(;. t.'

B ,.,
LAP.JOINT, or 'VAN STONE', F LANGE Econom•cal if COStfV pipe Such SPECIFYING SIZE OF OUTT·WELOING REOUCINO TtES
as st,nless stcel '' used. as the llangc con be of carbon steel and unly the lop -
MUw roWCJIIV rlfS RUN OU1lU 1 IRAh'CU 1 21.3.1
.3.2
..
RUk INUT ()(At.IP\.(
¡otnt s1u~ ena oeed ~e olthe ltne matenal. A slub end must bu used '"a lap
,ornt, and tlle cosr ot che two uems must be consioored 11 both stub and AfOUCI"-0 OH IMA"K:H 6" 6" 4
.. IAfOTU 6 .. .
1
tronga are or the same ma:er.al thev w 11 be mote exper.s>Ve than 1 weldi~·
neck tlange. Usefut whore ahgnmenr of boll hales is dtfficull, as ''"lh spools
10 ne anached 10 flanged noures of •cssels. FIGURE 2.12

LAI"...JOINT FLANGE .wi1h Stu~_..'ld)

(
e::¡ ~IIJb I._NQ

~
1

- wn_OfNG

, l.
STqAIOI•' bUf't TCE
(
.¡_
\i

8UTT·WELDING FITTING$ FOR BRANCHING 2.3.2

FROM BUTT-WELDED SVSTEMS
STUB·IN Term fm a bmncl OIPO welded duectly into tha Sida of tho rnain
p¡pe tun- 11 is no1 a filliny. lh•~ is tho commonest and lnas1 nxponsive method
of wcldmg o full-síze 01 10ducing hrnnch for pipe 2·•nch and laroor A stub·ln
can b€~ winforced by means set,nll in ?.11.
n te nC!XI four branching flllings are made by ijonney f01ge
Tltese fi111ngs offer an alturnijte 11Bons of connoccu•g 11110 tho maon run, and
do not ICQuire relnforcement. Th~· me prcshaped 10 tho curvatura of tho run
pipe.

STU6·1N FICUAIE 2.11 WELDOLET mu<CS a 90-dcgrco branch. luii·SilB or red\IC>fl'J, 011 s11a1g'•t

J ~
pope. Cl02r manilold•ng os pOS$lble tha.; w•lh roes. Ftal·based weldolets are
BJVaolabll! fo1 connecu~ 10 orpe caos and veS>~JI heads
FIGL.FlES
FIGURE 2.13 2.6-2.13

)
1
l\
1

8UTT ·IYELDING TEES, STRAIGfiT 0< AEDUCING, are el'l~lovnd lO 111ake

90-de!P'ee btanches hom 11•· ""'" "'" ol f.•PC. Stra•ght cees. wollt bt•nch ....
th• <:une s•?e as lllf' run, are readlly ;ooolab!e. Aedur:ing lees llave btanch r
smalle< than tlm run. 8"11hea~ tees '""" hranch largar chao thr run, and are t -1-,
,ocry seldom uscd bul can be ma<k ro spctial otder ~ono ol these rees \
rcqu,res rein1orccmant. Reduc;,ng !ees: afe mdmcd as foHows
BUTT-WELDING ELBOLET Makcs Orcrlut:iny 1angen1bronc•1(MI IOIIft13diUS BUn•WELDING CAOSS FIGURE 2. 17
and shor1 mdios nlhm...s.

El.80l.ET 8UTT WEl.OING l.ATAOLU

f-IGURE %
. 14 FIGURE 2. 15

t ------ 1- =::¡
"

+
BUTT-I'IELDING LATROLET rr·~kf.'S O ~&~c;¡mo rcducrnq branch 00 >lra;\i>l
plpe
swe EPOL ET trnkcs • 90·d>lgree rerlucinu branch from rhc rrraur run of pine.
Primarlly dcvclopud fr¡r lriyh·yield pi~c uscd In 011ond gns lflursnrlssion lines.
Provides qood 11uwpallern, and oprirnurrr suess distribution.
LATERAL, STRAIGHT o< REDUCING, permils odd·nugiCd Cnlry lnlo the
pipo run whcru low rcsislancc to flo·.... is inp.ortont. Sw.ugh t luterals wilh
brand· bt:re eo:¡u;H to run bo<r ltO avail.ble in STO an~ XS wri!Jhts. Rcducong
latetals and la!etals al angb Olhet roan ~5 de<)rer.< are u¡¡¡ally avarlable only
10 SpOC:I~ ordl.'f. Reinlorcement 1$ reqo~rell whcre '' •s netessarv to res-10m
thr suunqll ol rne ¡otnt ro thn lull strengt~ ol tho pipo Recluc•nQ laterals
ore ordercd stmtlarlv ro ~ull·weldmo tees. t)xcopt thal rhe angle ber•: .'<-an
bHmc:h nud HUI is also stated.
LA.TCRAL FIGURE 2.18

SWEEPOLET FI GURC 2.16

SHAPEO NIPPLE Ne»v mmlv ""!d. bul can be oblatned hom stock ín 90
and 4fr·<fe9ree ang'es, and •n ony si1e and ang'e, tnc:lvdong oflset. 10 spectn'
nrtl••1 Ttw n.u is field·Cut u~il \ll lt.e nipolo as tf!·npi.He. Needs rrinforr.emeu1
\1 11 IS O~!Ce:;.."i.ary tu lmng lhO 'WI!Hglh ol the jO!Ol UfJ t(l lhe rull strenglh
ol rhe rtt¡ou

SHAPED NIPPU f"IGURE 2. 19

Tlle nexr rhroo flllrf19' are usua!ly used lor special df.'SI~

CROSS, STRAIGHT o< REDUCING SUdll)hl crosses areusuollys!Ut. IICnJS.

Reducrng crosscs rooy nol be <earfrly ovarloblr¡ Fm ecunnnry, avorlohili ry dlld
to n1iniwize the number of itcms in itWOntorv. il 1s pu~hmmJ w uso wes. etc.•
.- .
~
.. -"''

and uol CfOsses, ax:cept where sp(tce 1$ rostnctcd. as in rni.Hinl! ruplnn or 're
v;nnp' WOik. nemtorcemern IS 1101 Uf!CdL>d.
1101
CLOSURES 2.3. 3 S()(:K!1T-WI:LDCD Pl f'ING
.3.2
2 .4
C~a11 7 7 "''"'···~ tho rao ogs uf pipe. l•lln'!l> and vat.es thJt 3re commonly
FLAT CLOSURES 1 ool p al>.$ 3:0 llUI'T01 Y l'UI espeQally l•cm p 3'CSI3Ck coonbont<l, ar ""'"Y IJe ~d togethoo. lhe chort is a ~id" only, and nota
lv tte ta:Jt""'"'" <«t<>· (Se€ ',.;ure 2.20 (bl :llld (el.) 11.1h~tlltJtc lur a prcfet.~ Spetilic.ti•Ora.

T._.REf \'ffLOEO C L05UACS

J.ll a u 1 1 Nlfl.DIN(; GAI' (llo i i-L.J\l CLO~UR I

FIGURE 2.20

l t ) F l AT C U)SUJU..
SOCKET-WELOEO PIPING CHART 2.2
1 CARBON·STEEL PIPE & FORGED·STEEL FITIINGS

m D-E ("ti) f'HI

r~o.AI,C(
I'Afilt.IU~
,__ 1 1 ''"'

"•lum,l (rt JO<I.·"'-'G TO fllf•I•G

y;.\ ...f
O• 1= P~

(JR ff,.,f>\lfh?
••••
·'• '

)
'
-
'

, "
~
l; .<S- 1··
' ("" ' ·
(M' •
l!"j

--a•rn·trc•!l!l 1 v 1.11/.
ELLIPSOIDAL, or OISIIED, HEAOS are used ID Closc n•oes o' large 1 't·llt "oG IC•¡;:-•,1•1;1 \>oll\'

d•ameter, :tnd ru u Slln ildl lo those used !or C<lnlilfUCTilt!l vessnb. ~h\Xf\1 11\, 1 ¡·,! l/ 1 • NI,.IHM~~
'"
~- ~·~
1.1 1 t{_I, L l>~

-
• o( I! II'S J'"o l" 'ol/\.1!1'-1 l'll lli(d

11 ... 1\HAHIU I 'r ()ó f OtlGf_l)l'jTf l

~Pt> ', e t0 NI'S ¿
COMPONENTS FOR SOCKET·WELDED 2.4 \4,1( t t i Yt1 U:ING f lTlM~<;

PIPING SYSTEMS
1 ~·tLO\It.-.
',u V d(~ Y.••IC $C•f1~ -- QJART
r
WHERE USEO: ffle:s""" . ltWt-W~~~ • . -- 2.2

-
MI f•fr;nf·PII'l. l.'f "-"'
Wf(..;tl
XX<
Mot) ~ ~LS'..;t.lfl{ 1
e),¡.;e '' ·•• • .t'1' ·.·.t · A!5M·SOf -

r·· rrw 't¡··i !'- Tf ;( • '1 , , íf.tj.,"l P:.'(l, 1 f1 1 ~1'i~.',+ l 10i 1 1f1f'f:'i
JOOO 1)000
~:1 A~ ,
: . .. ¡ <.;I;VI'A!H.<.r á

-.
j f*': ::;~lt'll n\~ 1 ~11 1•<~1 \ !l~.ur F•·' :J!ftl
~
í:alco•'tJ'!•rr•t~s. . '1 mil~< , ndur 'Cnnpsmn.J
••
" rnr•Nt.
tJOn l e t;c ·!40 SLH lfitt "l
TO·
ADVANTAGES 01 JQINT: (·) FtlSir:r .di¡Jntuurn ur¡ ~ndll lines t hdfl
l!u ll wcld•·lg. latk MJi i mg 1> un·
Oecess31\' YO$: «:V'-'0"'1 Ct>Vf•PI;A.11(: ... ( !•IN~' Of M¡\T(R·M- OR

{2) No '"'t!l:l nmt.tl Cd''

13) Jooot ""'" nnt "'"'· ..t•en oroperlv
rnillk
e·ner bore
..- --
Hl-4\- ~ R .'.ll(i.. 1
;>.lj~SS...,Mt- U..t
••,o
rlt'f A-t.U IIfT·•,(, \'111..l DfPEbl1 0~•
llAluAr "'0. 0"-
r•-
..
• '
.. CO':UtO!~.Qt.

' "' D
A:..t.Ot'\
FG.JRES
2.14-2.20
~e '
OISADVANTAGES OF JOINT: 111 1 he 1116·10Ch rcccss in j0'1t lsee
chnrt 2.?1 nocknts hqu td
(21 lJs" 1.•.J! IICIII\IIietl by ANSI f.!31.1 ·
1909 11 severo v hrMirm nr crev·,ce
VALVES 1
CONlRCL 'v'AI.V f ~
M·N .., t•M U!ot.. Al.l" "00 !Sff ~ 1 1m
ccurnsiQn 1~ n1u::¡1a1Ud (l}:-.li:O.l : Y Ht.•.; :;CO!
1"•!1 · ~· rnt
· ~" 11" •.
'llt.t.V{S0Tl•Crt1uAN üCC(•' '>Si}
\IAli-">
H0\'1 JOINT IS MAOE: The ene ol tlw r•PC " l~r•i,·•e-J flal,
as (0NTAOl VAl V('¡. !lt)) !AP·)

silown '" Ch:Jtt 7 7 1t is lueated in the

fitilng, ...,fvr.. f'.,"''· e". and a conl.ilu·
C"Us J,IJrt .,.,,,:; J 1s n:;.J·~ dround chectrC'>Jm-
h:r~>nce
nu
FITTINGS & FLANGES FOR 2.4.1 UN ION is used primariiy for maintenance and installatoon purposes. i his is a
SO<'KET·WELOEO SYSTEMS screwed joitll desogned tor use with socket·waldcd pi~ing systoms. Snc ox
planotoofl on 2.5. 1 of uses oivon undcr 'rhrcadcd unían' Umon st10uid be
wewed trg~t befo<c •f,e r.o1s arP waldu<l. tll roronntze warpong of t~e seat

-----
Ounonsions ot li:unqs and ffanges are gtvun tn t•bles 0·8 end f ·1 thru F· 6

SOCXET..WE:LOINO UNION 'ICURe 2..24

FVLL COVPLING he<mecl 'COUPLINGI ¡o liS pipo to pipe. or 10 a O>~ple,
*de. te.
FULL.COUPLINC FIGURE 2..21

/
1

• •
SWAGEO NtPPLES Accordtng 10 type, these allow iO•ning (1) Soe<et
REOUCER ¡ofns IWll dtfferent dial'1etcrs of pipe. ended •tems ol dtfferent sizes this type of swaged nrpoie hos both en~s
plam (P8E) for 'n:scrtion into snckcr 1mds.. (2) A socl;et-endcd itcrn In oi larqt!f
AEOUCEA butt·,·~ding prpe or finong-thrst)•pe ot swaged "'PP'e hll$ the larger end borv·
eled (BLE) ano the smatler end plain (PSEI for inserloon tntO a sot<et·ended

• .... 1
i:em. A~ noll()lt is atsa rclened to 8$>, ·.,,.,!J'· (prnnounr:t-d "Mo•d!J!')
abbrevtated on dr~.-.n!)S as "SWG" or ·swG 1\ lf'P'. '.'lhen ordertn9 a swage.
st<J:e tl>e .·.1J•¡Ill desor¡roa1to~rs ol the P<PllS to be ,ooned fot e•ato~le, NPS?
~¡'-: ·- . (\ ISCH 40f < NPS 1 (SCH 801 Exam~IL'< d the dilfetelll und tetn,onat ons
1ha1 nooy be sn<>c•f ·~dorA as loliows·
• JI'
SPECIFVING $11E & ~ NO F I N I St~ TAOl.E ~ .3
OF SOCKfT\•Ie.L.OINC SWAGES
REOUCER tNSERT A reducing fitting used tor connectino a small pipe too
SWAOE FOA JOINING -
iar~r fitting. Socket·endctl teducer inserts can ho mode in anv reduction hY EXAMPLE NOfl! ON OAAWING
LARGER SMALLER
borin~ stondord forgcd b!•nks. lO

$Y. IT(M SW 1 ffM SWG 1Y1 X 1 PBE

SOCKET•WELDINC REOUCING INSERTS FIGURE 1.23
OW 'ITTII'\(} Ot PIP[ SW ITf\'1 SWG 2 x 1 9LE-PSE
'iW .. *ll;rt -Id~ BW • llu11~"'V
IIUCIU H ti ru.' .. P8E : Ptein bolh !ñh PLE • Pb.n ..,.. tnd
PSf • Plf.n~l ft1d eu ~ a""""'...,. --s
$0CKCT eNOCO
FITTING, f-LANGC.
OR F.QUIP-.!EN"I
FIGURE 2..25

ltii'H;:C fORMS
Or RCCJUCCR
INSCA 1 1

(121
ELBOWS makc 90· or 4&·degree chang~ of rliror.tion in the run of pipe. SOCKET·WELOING 1'EE FIGURE 1.28
1.4.1
SOCK(T·WELOINO ElOOWS FIGURE 2.26 2 .4.2

SOCKET WElOING FLANGE 'iegular type is •.,.; eUe from Stlct. Re~uC· LATERAL m•'<esluii·S•te 45·degreebranchhom ti• moin run ol pp!l
rt~ tv t. ""~~~~b 1:1 Jld · For cxan pe, a ret-:IJon:;) l'afl!J! :o c:on'locl
a NPS 1¡ '"" to 0 laS> l!iO NPS 1'•• lino si1e f ar·ge iss~ec.lti!d SOCKET WELOING LATERAL FIGURE 2.29

fll O' LG ~PS 1''• x 1 Class 1f,O SW

SOCKCT WCLDINQ I'LANGt FIGURE 2.27

''
¡'
''.

CROSS Rérnarks lor bult-wulding crtJSS ~~~ply-seu2.3.2. Rcr!ucing r.rr¡ssr)¡

are custom-fabricated by borrrlQStijndard fo rqcd hlarrks.

SOCKtl·WELOINO CROSS ~IGUAE 2..30

FITTINGS FOR BRANCH ING FROM 2.4.2

F1GURES
SOCKET·WELOEO SYSTEMS
2.21 - 2.30
BRANCH FROM SOCKET WE LOEO AUN

TEE, STRAIGHT or REOUCING. 1113~ C> 90-<kwee ~rcoth from tha main
run of P•P•· HedJcn•g '""' "" cu<lllfn-lobroMI!d by Doring standard forged
bl.mks.
tiPECtFYING $1ZE OF SO(:K[T wtLOING TE ES.

.
..cM- ro•to,.,. ru s RIJ .. ~Lt1 *'"001Uf
"""""' !Jti.MPU

. .. .
ttU)II,IC*t-10 OH ..NI!Qi
H" . 1r t
r ~
flfDtff r~•

TABLE
MOUCtNO OH Mm
,...n.u-. ,A11r·' • "'·" 1f' r Ir IIILI)tl( 1'\ ol • . ,
2.3
(l3l
FITTINGS FOR SOCKET-WELDED BRANCH Z.4.3 SOCKH·WELOING LATROLET makr¡s a 45-degrar¡ ·udm:ing branch on
FROM VESSEL DA BUTT-WELDED MAl N AUN straight pipe.

HAL.F·COUPLING The full·counling is nul usad lor hranchiml lll ter ves· SOCK.ET·W ELOINC L.AT AOLET FICVRE 1.-34
se1 eonnecuons, as the h;!l f-coupliny rs t~e same leru¡llr &nJ is strooger. The
h;)lf couplrng pcrmits 90-t!egree enuy rnto d lorger prpe or vesse· wa'l. The
SOC'(Oirt •> more practicable il$ shapUlg os • - Y woth the couphng.
SOCKET Wl: LOING HALF.COU:PLING fi GURE 2.3 1

NIPOLET A variant of the sockolel, having inlt!gral plan nrpple Primodly

dovr!loped lor ~mnll vnl·mrl connectrons-sec ligur" 6.47
Th·~ ¡·,,:),! lu·.u 1 ttllr•~S are ru3de L.v Uo!lnev For~P omi oHor an ;,1 rermno nreihou
NI POL(T FIOURI! 2.35
r·l P. ,r.~,Hul
ll 1e rnain :lrpe rJn. Thtv ht1Yr. :hu UI~\'Jnl;._h¡t! thar t'•P :::~eve!ec
\'v• ;1 1 rwl'= otre ~naped tu tht: Cuf'\!J:Jt,rru u' t'l• tur a•PC Hfl1'1"C'Ct:IT111~i
'111 u l:lth"-Jl'id~c ruping m \it'SWI ,s nol tCQU:rcJ

SOCKOLET mates a 90-t!eytee branch, full·sll• or n!dueing, on suai!t>t pipe.

Flat·base<l socko elS are avaitab!e for branch connectrons on pipe caps and
end ._¡ hf>ads.
SOCKOLCT

--- -·
FIGURE 2.32
\ --r
--)"---.·-·'\
1

\ STUB·IN See comments in 2.3.2 .Not preferred for llnesundor 2-inch due 10
\ oisk ol we'd metal cnlering line and resuicting flow.
)
CLOSURE 2.4.4

SOCKET-WELDING ELBOLET makes a roducong Glngi!OI btaoch on long SOCKET·WELOING CAP ll!diS plarn-ended pipe.
radius and short·radius elbO'.\'S FIOVAE 2.:Jt
SOCKET ~ E:L OI NG CAP
SOCKfl ~WE LDINC El80LET A CURE 2.33

---
'
COMPONENTS FOR SCREWED 2.5 SCfl EWtD PIPING CHART ~.~
.4.3
PIPING SYSTEMS

Chil<t 7 3 Sha.-.~ the rar.ngs of pope, fmin(JS illld ""''es :ha! ..e wrnmuolv
2 .5.1

WHERE USEO: For hnes CQn'~ey¡rg S€-'Vices .1ad fea srnellet orocess comboned. or ·nay he used !OIJ!llhet lloe tharl IS a gold<2 ooly, ifld llQt a
JIIOIIIIJ subsl•tute hu <1 PffJett soot:TiiC:::1'Jr
AOVANTAGES: ( 11 r J<>dy made lrom prpe ""~ lillln'l' on s11e
il~ \•1inirni7es fire ha2an1- ,,.,.hun '":>tüll1no p¡p¡ng 10
"'""' whore flommablo <I'J~Ilil r¡r lrquids are
nresent
SGREWED PIPING GHART 2.3
CARBON-STEEL PIPE & FORGED·STEEL FITTINGS
DISAOVANTAGES: ll)' Use !1rll permilled ~V AN~I 831 l·i9B9. rf
~Nf!fe e;OSion. crevK.e- t;¡;•ru'Oion. s.1oc~. or
•Jihfnhon es an1rcipaled. uor a.: u:m.'ll!fnt:ares;
tver 925 F (A !so So'e lootnot• :•ble ~ 9)
('lf.l) ..II.PAIOATI()"t Of li'JP(. A.',J)
m Pcssi!Jie •ca.(aga~ n~ ¡oifi1 llfh400 t+ JIJI"WoC. 1:) fiTTl',.:. 1 1V !( t

(31' SPa1 ~\·Ciding- nay be ·er.¡uucd~I!C· fnr.mo10 to

I I.Al.'(.[_ VAL\'( Ol:t ft!t;IIF\I;.Vf
A• YAt y
,,
lmn 2.3
,.
1J ~ r\'l"o'

{4) Strength of the pipe rs re~ue<>d, '~ lormrro the

:;rrr.•.... lhlcad 1cducns thtt wa11 thtc:kncss
¡,!,! ' .• !,!"·'•'·'-'·

FITIINGS & FLANGES FOR 2.5.1 A\'•\tl Atllll r'l' !Jf fO~(ll ~ IHl
SCREIVEO SYSTEMS ·••u :•t;•o "'' ....foC.-<;

Scre-.-•..0 PIP""< 's ooplll 0.....:mblod lrom :hreadeé po¡;<> and lrnong1 D-iAAT
W ,HTS04 f"IP{
A ...O Pll:LS$t.M t
"'""' 2.3
...~reaoed 1r:J11~;1lj.p: fu ' ,,~C~:~l.J..lQO r HIÍ'!)S ~~e e-x~s ·• ~lv .t~~ ·n1 :1lu'l1b C l o\Ji',f $1)f
~~o':..=~s·
Y.'EICIIT !711
n¡, 1 Lu~iiQli. h IIJI.'i!,;'í."f .ti .:-.;-~1 C3tiOns, C:i:iSS J!JQj ;uu· ~00 ~,·,.or~ 11- IH iNLo~ 1't'!!!CI1
AAr Cf1111'AI11 -l F
~~ ·ulluaole 1ron h~lmys dlld "1r1i~.:r y rnwo ·:ah•e-s aro uSCI.i lur jnnkln~ ·:m~rf
dll·l di li11t!~ l)unr·u~IO!IS U1 I~IJIIúüLit!·iiUil littlng~ ,¡rp 01\'''11 111 tllhlf! IJ. f1

In p.rocr.ss pirunq. lotgúd-stt:d liuin\;S mP prAferred u·.. t.Jt vJ!;f·unn and

w·allea!JIC'-irnn f11t1ngs (oWlOUIIh their ;.¡u!ss:lrc/tcl'llperatou rtltHlq~ rray th"!
SU•tab'e). for theu qre;1trr M«Mn1cal streryth. Te sirnp1tfy 'TI.!Uttnl speciliccr
uons. drafttUg. cJt~ku19, ¡1urch.1S1nq aod .,•..afetlO:JS;,-.;. t·au :r,m.all r.eononucs
nre m :l)'.·cr o: l.llilwng as ft!:. t~ifteren· 1ypes ol threat:cJ t 11linqs as pcssihte

------
:;nr.ens:or.s ot ~ot~·S.!t!IE! thrc,Or~ filttngs a-re '!J \·en m u!Jio 0·9 FlGt.J'lES
2.31-2.37

FU LL·COUPLINC l<onucd 'COUPLING'I joirs nip~ Uf ltBm$ wllh tllreeceJ

eml:í. Wt~IIII,M
<.:!)!-• • ~tll VALV[:,
USUAt l V JOil lt;((_ 3 1 10¡
!IJSU·\1 Y H,,A,'IGI 1>1
f!UI.L·COUPUNC FIGUAE 2.37
1'1-11 v.u'''
1nAr'"""' '/AlVfoS ()CHFH ';"1-!o\"4 LOOIAN~I
C. A~<;
CO',T'<O- \1'.\l V!"~ 151X11Aiill

.....
• A,"CJI a.n 1 o '"'~ tow• ~-;a~ ""• !101 w c""'\I!Ciw.a to pn...,.,., ro P .. tr,..,.., •' ,...,

01\ piOI ()f . . . w:t-tod c.or-ofl«1ol>'\l *'1"1 t.•U'"'Y 1 '""' ~·!'h f t r..:"""o(o(loot of P•oll•"t C*"""'9 tol' 01
ol~ II'IN't 9M, .-.el ....~
Qn~l 01'1 ~~~ lot'IM lur 4 -,.dror:.-Tixlt'l ~ote .YII1•t~r 11~ C(Jtn•t>yffiQ ~!lqi:'(OII.IIo. ~OX <- C:O!fO\- ••
.....¡,.. ,,l.lft 1 liltil
11 !>1
 REDUCING COUPLING, or REDUCER, joins lhrnOd!>d PIP!.'S of dlfferent UNION nwk1~s i$ ju n1 which fl~rmi'"'S easy lllSLa11.etiún. romoval ur n~p!,'tf u nlrnl
si ru~
Cnlfl hn n arli! in any rerfucllon tly hurinq 11nd IOIJf)IO!J standard forged o l l=?!lyth:> :1~ 1:1jJl!, 'blh'l" ()! VI:SSRI(, ir- SCfP.•N?.d IJifHn~ ~ysiP.!tlS f. \:ar.'IUII!S
hl;onks. te 'emr,·.. ~ a \'l)lvt~ ,¡ ll 'l.:il l·dve i!t lc-asl ,lnl? ad¡ar.P.fl l un1on, ·H'I:1 10 IP'llt".'"
!llp1TlJ ftom .) ~·tlSSrl ,.,.,th :h:E!(;ceJ curmections. 1~ach CJ,Jtlot !rom lh'' w~\1 !!
REOUCING COUPLING FIGURE 2.38 s..'lntJid h.1vr. ctro uruor: be1W\!en .,.~h·e anJ vess,~. G•u..Jnd-faceJ Jlllnh an•
pleiellerl ;rlthrtiqh 'l':tt'ler fltlll!J$ 3f€ ol'.·ailab'e.

~~n-~-1 THAEADEO U~ ION FICURt 2.40

r'-+----; ¡ ~-;
1 --
~-
"
NIPPLES lOIII u11ions. ordiVCS, strui1 O!S, l +ttif ,Q~. utc. Hil!in:nlly ·1 shorl 1cngth
,r n•pn "" '"" fully lhre~ded (c!ose ninplo) 01 th•o•~Otl bolli ""u' (TBE), nr
IJI¡un IJ!!e•.md and ttueaded one end (POL- roL). Avt~~hlh'n 111 'ldiiUU~ h!'IO:!" hs
1efrr to lt~blo ll· ll Ntpplescafl be éllJtaulo..J '.'t'ilit .a Vittaulic q1 orwP ,-,, one
I!Od

NIPf>l..t$ f.OR THREAOEO ITEMS FIGURE 2.39

PIPE-TO·TUBE CONNECTOR Fm joming O<readed p1pe ID tube. Figu<e 2.41
l tl) LONO (t( SkORT IC) NfpPlE tPO€ TOEJ sl>o-..,s a coorA:tor httnd to s¡Jeciatly-ltared ru!le Othe< types ••• ..,.;labltt
N tPPt..E (TOE)

PIPE TO TU81! CONN lECTOR FIGURE 2.41

1---- - --

(<1) r ANK NIPI'IL F

HEXAGON BUSHING A t¡ Uts.1nq • ltmg !JSod "tY COfl!"letHng;, V!t.JIICr p1;1•

'"1o •a· ~ · tl•r•~.JCI•.J ttl'.n Ot P07Jfc Hasm.1~~·am~lc~t·:m).1''"'S'"tt,..,tnl
cun t'J.;I JI~ Bt."ft.ll 111 11 ·•gs can be ·nar.t: ir: .ar·, r~uc: on tv l·•'mOI] 1nrl
ldCJ.l t\1} st n:t:t11.1 lu•• !111 talitnk.~ Norma y no: l.i'St"C lcr hu_t;.. '·' "r
HEXAGON 8USHINQ FICUIU 2.-4:l

••
6"
-1
TANK NIPPLE is used ror mokinn a scre•....ed conuoctiun to 3 non·p•csS~ue
vcssol or tank in low pressttrú SCJvice. Ovorall lonn111 1s osuallv 6 iuchtl<S with
o standard tapo• pipo th•ead a! each r,urt On <In!.' end only, the taper pipe
lh<eod runs •nto a ANSI lock-nut th<cad.
1161
 21$.1
SWAGEO NIPPLE This IS .1 reducon~ fot<ong, used IOI ¡OIIlÍIIg l• 19e1 dia•ne1CI THREAOEO FLANGES aoe used 10 COOO!'CI lhrc•dod nope lO flon~ed IICMS
10 smalleo d1w1101Qt pop• Alsn 1efe•1ed to as a 'sw.J9'! (pronounced 'tNedge'l a.te evJtiUhle Ir om stock. For exarnp!e, o rcd1Jo:1nq
F.!:{l.tlot ord renuc1ng !\1Pes
IIW11J1! In connetl a NPS 1 popP. ro a Class 150 NPS m tines.T< l!ange 1$ 1 .5.2
aod a~brevoated .,. 'SWG ' or 'SWG NIPP' on dr¡rmnc¡s. Wheo orderong a
•·'4!11'. sl•t• ll'o! ...,1¡¡111 dL'S~oations u! the PIPI!S 10 br Jlll111'd lor exarnple, s~ecifo~<l
\PS 2 (SCII40h \PS 1 ($CII80). ASI~ rnaybe used lar JOUII<ICJ ( 1) Sa ...,, ílEO ~~G NPS lll x 1 r. :lSS 150 THRO
ed p pong 10 >1:1"""" p1p "' f2l Sc"''"'d
pipori<J lO buthwh!ed popon~ (3)
FIGUit( 2:.45
Buu·welded popo11~ 1o• 111reaáed nozzle o•1equ1pmen1 11 •s neca'«lry •o specify T HHEAOED fl.ANGE

on tite p1prng di, ~'-' ·'IIJ the IIW'Ou'mHons reqU!red.

SPECIFYINO SI:U & CNO fliNISH OF THAEAOEO SWAGt:S TABLE 2...4

SWAGE fOR JOINING --

-~~~~~
EXA.MPLt NO'rl! ON ORAWtNG
•• SMALLER

-
LAROER

THRO ITEM THRO ITEM SWG II> X l TBE

1
THROITEM
---1-
8\Y ITEh' or PIPE SWG 2 X 1 BLE-TSE
nmo 1TE>.1' 8\'I ITEM" S'WG3 x7 TLE-BSE \
BW Su n wek.li1\g TLE Tht!:!adcd lar~ enn
Tl-iAO - Threaded TOE Threaded one end
<IJJMIJ 1'1 o\ liO\,\
TOE Threaded bol h Pnd!t ULC Oevelerl large end
TSC Th rc\tde(l $mall end IJSl Reveled sma11 end

' A larger t iY COd l}d 1tOiil is seldom joinect 10 3 smulltU l>u 1rwulding
item. Hoth~:vt•r, 1he connection of a buttweldcd li nv to a threaded
nou le on o 111..'Sstl '' an f!X\lmple. FITTINGS FOR BRANCHING FROM 2.52
SCREWEO SYSTEMS
SWAGEO NIPPLU. T8€ t f'ld OLE-TSE FIGURE 2.43

BRANCH FROM ScREWEO MAl N AUN

TEE, STRAIGHT or REOUCING, moko!S ~ 90dC!)ree branct l1orn 11OIUil el

pope. Acduc1r9 tees are m•de bv bororg onn tappmo s1andard fo rged bl~n ks.

SPfCifiV ING S IZE OF THR€AOEO AEUUCING TEES

ELBOWS makc 90· 01 45·degree chaoges i11 dio01:1ion ol thc run ol pipe.
Strcl!l Clbows ~av1ng n in;egral n.ppte a: ore enJ (!l.~ lable D· 111. me •.O.,., wtctn rus. Oijll.tf

..
10 ilUN IN ~ H 1111~ 81'1A~CH f-liA-.,1'\I

d\laifattle I'IIC)U(I ..C O"t PANO! 1~. 1 :. - r •1

>~ ) H t t

THREAOEO ELBOWS. ~ •nd 90 DEGREE fiGURE 2.44

...
M OUCNO ON ~
~-OU.IIUIOa:..l'oo-"'
g· r ¡•·
j l •to I U '" • 1
AGLAES
2.38-2.46

THI.EAOEO TEES, STRAIGHT 11nd REDVCINO FIGURE 2.46

TABLE
2.4
LATERAL ~nakes lul wc 4&dcorcc b1ancn trom we matn '""uf pi¡lll. Tne next tour 1twn9s lo• J•on'~'"" n•e mn•1c by 8onnv Forqc. Thoso fnnngs
cfle1 a rne3ns of IO.ntPQ screwed 111010~ to o wclrled 11.10, nno fot rnaktn:¡
THREAOEO LATCRAL FIGURE V11 mslrttmen t conm,'CII<.m~ Thl ad ....tnwqr~ oqlth\n t lu~ wt!lrk•q ond unes no1
mQUirfl u:mlmCt!mílnl and lhdt H1e untl:~ aw t;haJJr.d ~o 1110 curvdhlle ot 111e
run :.11pe

THAEDOLET ii;I•CS 3 q¡J i:-.•J'C'tl 1 ~.1rr:h, f 1 Cf ICdLJC '1~. r.n :.: •lit ~Upt,
Flm h:JS!d t'lfldl e•:s m ·.-a1 ,11. P lnr hr.1t1 1 ( (f'lrf'r.:HJr'IS m p!p.? c.,p$ cnd
.,~ hea~s.

THREOOLET fiGURE 2..50

..J

CROSS 11t!M.lr<S for ~un __.,, ding cro.s llpl)ly sre 2.3.2. Redur.iflll c1osses
""nade OV bonn<¡ and :<JPptn<¡ Sl~ndaf'd forl)ed blati<s

THRlADf.O CAOS$ FIGURE 2.48

\
.....
& rll~l.c~

~-. 1.-
THREAOEO ELBOLET JUd:u; 19 1dii9U111 btoJitLI tln Ull!J·IMJJ S. nnd
st•ufiHtC·JS e1~.wws.

• T).tREAOEO E LljOlEl

--
FIGURE ~.51

FITTINGS FOR SCREWEO BRANCH 2.5.3 '~\- (

~-
FROM VESSeL OR 9UTT·WELDEO MAIN AUN

HALF.COUPLINC cnn he 110~ w makn 90·rloq~eo thrrndec cc•'nec:t~ns to

p1pes 1or mstrwn(mts, ur tur vossel noulus. •Neld1ng he.cn nlJ'{ C~Hse e11
~uulcuwnt u1m• thrca·Js of lh;s sho•t ftnu>q. fle~JIII!S shaoinq.

THREAOEO HAI..F.COUPI..INO & FVLI..COUPI.ING FIGURE 2.49

THREA.OEO LATROlET FIGURE 2.52

',
1,... :::J

FULL.COUPLING Superim tu ha!l-cnuplin<¡ Allo re~u•res shap'ng lnr con

'lectmglo p1oe.
TANK NIPPLE See 2.~.1. figure 2.391d)
tl$1
TH R ~AOEO NII'OLtT 11 '.'ilf>llil e l lho ll>r01olel ,., lh ·nteg·a t nread ~d PIPE THREAOS 2.5.5 .5.2
rur.r 1:'. Prtrr.nnl.,. lrvc 1:1''~'1 !m !;.'11.111
THRfADf O NtPOl E'r
·.· ~lvwl r ,nrr!r,:tnn~ see 1'~Jt~.: 6.47

FICU ftE 2...53

$1itfld;;r1 ANSI/AS\1 · n l!J 1 UuL t·~ •¡+~f ·wo¡l ¡Jutp•l<oc 1:Í¡JU lhll!iJd.) J,J!JI!red 2 .5.5
0\0~J Sll :i4h' I'IIU.J:h l:H Jl!jllll•tlld lt!'tlli,JS, 1'1-) ~:1 1 lit• )idlflf~ 'lnrntnill ;Uf1P.
s1t. lile nu·utwt ut lhrtwL ~ 1 .mh ts l't·. satPO fo' <>if,)t~hl .Jr•1 '1rr.•ed
•hreads. ~.'OSI Ctlfl~ ¡O ;)l>:'ltt 11' lrlfl U!.llit] II IJ lolr't1lf'f'1 !hmuJ t H!l'

ld:le!Od Mtl SHai91t 'hrebds u 1 rr¡¡le T r('tr/o;m..-1 .1n1j tarrJ/Siral)~l (both

1VP?Sl jO ntS 9te Sf~i:• ~MI10~ ,...¡h the H511 Uf ;'lipA rlOPl' fa t.OrlllO Hif1 <:.fllf'.,1fl
ol"' tl"e t!'!,eact. ,•,.11CI' h1! 'tea'I':S antf s,.c,,,,. nv· 1 Ju~· <~r asst..'lit."llyl, r.r nh~li:
m:.a fT€'" on). TifiO IS wrapped llf('ll "" 11w •• <tls~~l1'u+~Jd hd r H' •1·•~ J inl 1'\
asser.ttlec A su.,g'lt/~a:.ght scrw... ri JCHnl req IL'S loe¡ nu1s otl-arl ~inl.~~s tu
"""'"' sea!ing .,.. fig 7 39 1-11

S!onC<trd ANSI 81 10 3 1clir•es 'd·~~ ll"eJCS O·~l ti ·eats $S'J • , rr;·

' l•nc pr{'SSI.re •.'litl oJt I'IC ~ "'' v pe 1J:JJ:"t' or lJOe lt'le 'Se"ct as obra nOO IIV
uút¡J ., modif.,:d true.-d 'ur·n ul si' I'P c•e\t .,, d llt.l fo-Jt 1~,;s, C.lu<;eS mi~
~l!tcr.r.c (r~ .; -:e r~tal COnl.:ttl) llehw'lln tt'Je t1)1•J,d l~r~. ~u: JV~.v_.rn:
(l!QL:~ tllJ!JLIQh lhe !)~ al C<t-...1:y 0. 1 tila'" ~'j "tHt3.h

STUB IN <" ·t: .,,.,rrt!rtl$ m 7.3.2. N~t· pwfcrn:tl fur lncnd<ng hút't pipe Sv'llbo!S u~o tor '1;-h'C rv·n~ rhrr.w'.s
r.ntaPI~r rl~.u: \I'S 7 ilS \',...~J 'lltttal rnav rcstrict llu·.·,·. N a- Ar"lf!flr:.tll \.t'U\~1.11 St.mJ !rtl 11 1e''' f tWI•. P PtpP., T Tnr~2r,
e= Cm.piUIIJ, 1 f ,J.>I ~ Útl, u HO<i(' r.r;u nling. 1- lnti~rnCll'.Utl!,
L Lock'lul. M Mt!r.h ' 11 .•/1, R R. lu~liUt·ll,l_s. S._Stru1]h·
CLOSVR ES
ANSI 8 1 20.1: PIPE niRFAOS, GENERAL PURPOSE

hmr.r Pipe Tl 1t1<10 N" T

TliR( ADrO CAP fiCU IU 2.54
rllgtd mecnantcal,o•nl lor I !:JIIIn~ NPTR
SJ •<IiQhtl,ip!r T hu~;ul
• 1ate•na l. tn P:pe Coupl !IIUS NPSC
Free 1iuu·u1. Mc<.honlcni .Jo•nts ~or F •x tu1es NPSM
1onsn·fiu•nQ, \!1echnnu•ol IWI11'i Wlih l ur.l.rml~ NPSL
Lonsu riu 11¡:¡, Merhnuu:¡¡l Jo .uts I<H t--ia~u Cuup 'tiii~S Nf'SII

ANSI B 1.20.3: ORYSEAL PIPE THREADS

DARSl OCK PLVG "'·11< th•• thrc~Jcd 'nJ Df • flnon~. A•so torrr-o1 'rouod F IGUAéS
hpor P•on T1rr·od
1'"'" rl"q· Orv>.ool Sranri.rd ~ PTF
2.47- 2.55
· D·y,eal SAC Shoil 1~1'11 IW··· •h.H~~·wd lv o)ot Hiieadl PTf SAF SllORT
OARSTOCK Pt UC UN THt FIGURE ?.SS
Su uiqln Pip! Threa~ th~er•¡<JI Wll·.-·1
Urvse<>i,l o~ 1!01 "'" "' •o•t/d.rc:ole m.rw olsl \PSF
~ Urv:;ea!'.. lnh.:lllt~diltc (tor ~su in 1;udJL,,:· 1 mtJt>t a'~) IIII'S!

(NP:J -s tb: r.rjy ¡y;¡e ~~~t rnsurts $CJ1tn~j .sg.:nr.sl lu1fl pu~re lf U·e•e
is r;o ubE::.t on :o ns use. prpe ·Jope rr.av l.ll llll!'f w.fl,.llllneads 10 rnpr&.·'
Sóól 'l!l. ano 1~ ga11an1 ot tho 1hre1:ls 1

Specify l J1') :lueads b•¡ NPS r ~read$ pe· ÍllL••. Puedd type
Ek:unp e1
3 61\PT
11')1
 2.6 RING-JOINT FACING 11 illll! ·"·1'! ,· l,,, 11 !1 • •• 1.1111'1 .•• '1 1
FLANG E FACI NGS. BOL TS & G/\S KETS ' ji!•'''

.11! ¡h•l' Ir ra¡ 1 , 111'! 1 1 1, • lt~l ji'• 1 1 111 ·¡

.&;ut:;elr"t''llllllllil'l"' ' ó"JIIt , ,,;.~ ·I.W.. i' ~~1:.1· 1 LJ<.:H••r 1 lthtli ~~·pr. rr.~y
rLANG( FACINGS p, FINISHES 2.6. 1
!r'IC'l':1se .)S hiJII•)•...- rr,of r f' 1 n•;"' llil ·1 11<::.:upt.J11t.E! 11. 111 l••~~·ss t.ht•r · ur,¡l St•.1l \,

M11 'l·¡ f.t ¡ru.J!l. 'nr 1 111~c~ aitJ t..!lf!tCd b·.,.· flar~~o 113nufact Jru·s. •n::lu:lHty LAP.JOJNT F LANGE t:; S'I1PII"I to Jl.:t:•.J'IIfTIIUJ<Itt! 1:1(! :.luh l~nrl Ttrr• l:lin:ur
~·~r Ll'i 'lll'"• •'.!' •.mr1 ~rcov\1' rvr.•!S whu:h 11usl Le use<J 1n pa1·s. rlnwe·:.::r. atmn uf Ham¡t1 s.tub end prl!)f:nts ~·mihll VCUlllt.!lly hl 'hl' ril -s.tr. 1.1r.c
d!ld
n ·, •ou, 1\IPCS tj f.twv¡ are .,;, OOiv ~•S•!d, anrt The"Sr. ;uc !lhn•hn in figi'Jf~ flangn alid -~, '· .J ·,·!1•• '.t.w1:rP IY rt! 1 ·'" .•r· : 1• J' ' . lu:•.-Jrt·
2 r~¡ a;es uf thrs 1Jllye <He staled 111 '11 1
'"'' d "'~rJ '-Ke s •w.·l fw aboul 8~ o! ¡¡!1 f·:mqcs. The 1.g1ou.¡ lac ng.
1rnpltVt!.J ~U1 81th~· .1n QV.l' scc.•,on or ut:ta~oo-sect on ~el. JS a;sed ma n;,. lte re-:m 'f•nt$h' re:?rs I:J the •v::te ol ~~ au prodocet: ~\ mnc~ mnq ·tr
th p·•, ·fl .. uca ·ndcA!tv flange :ar.e v..h•th tO'll·lCIS •he ~~et T~ pr nt1p.11 ·yro:s of • m~h am orcr
il.u;r.d, :~ ·sr.uatcd' .1nrf 's-no:-aah'
THt M0$1 ·USEO fl.ANO( FACING$ FIGURE 2.56

J úfge:l~teel 1 ar>yt!S w•ll' ,a,sed-~ce tre uSUilllv •nac•,incd tu y• ve a '\en.lteC

fLA"T fACC
t:lnreu1r t' Y'Oove. O' d 'seu&:Pd·S:uldl' -.1o::r.e ••• sh to the raise1- 1 .1'1e ct tlt•
t !ni_Je. The sPHli:P.d-sprtal t •I'JS't ~~ 1he rru)rt· COOtmor¡ af\d n1ay le ·es nted ¡l·e
·~tr:rl' or \'ardJftl ftnisl ' ,,,,.- ilHI~ iror~1 ~-u:1:1i•f!'S

T"le pnct- a: · ;J~ r¡ror.··•C an.1thr;s.urtoco ltnr$1 Vt)l'; ffrllon:111"11}(ln the Stlt!ilnd
ciass ot the fiJTl:J!' Fn· 'J. Sd-i,lr.O~;I(~rl i ilr!lf~\. :~e 11•1<:11 ~·.1f•n$lrom 74 ·o 4~
re: tncn 1t 1s r1aca us q a c.1:1r•t~ tUt:l lldVI'l•l a nw mut'llitdius atll-·~ :1p o1
0.06 .r,ch Th! ·1nx. mt.m 10 I:Jt,~wss al l-Wt,u:c 4mp.;l• ~~ 1?5 ~,nn mt~-rou11:lu!S.
n¡~~;(;: J01Nl
'Smnot 11' Jiqp;h IS IS.Ii~ VWf!"fl!l '{ (lfrlt'rt:t!, Hllr~ IS a~·,,iL!tlh~ •t1 WV(I ljUJht e-s.
( 1I/\ hne l'ldiJ med lu ·sh hltJVIIl'l 1'1' J!'tl fli!O lOO! rrl:!f~$. 12) A 'm '((')' hr•S1',
f1f mJrll\' •ntrnrtrrl lnr ¡¡S,\W,IhOul Q~~IWI~

BOL T HOL ES IN FLANGES ~.6. 2

Bo·l hules 111 llt.~o;;es are e•waltv <.jl il\.l"rf Spn<.1fvmothr nmnbt'r ul hules... lta·
mP.IP.• or 1hc hnh eurlf' ~nd hule $•tU SI):S the bol· ng r.onlg·.traliuu Numnw
oJ hnll hr¡-es pru ii,Jngc IS 9·\'Cn in tabluS F
Flil"l(}t!S .are. ::u.wt10ntJd so lhat bclts ~~~o- lllu vn11u:n1 .,nd hntllOfltlll center·
imcs. Th•s :s tt·c normol posHmu ul :mr1 l•(lk, :111 íJ 1 Uun;nJ ncms 1

BOL TS FOR FLANGES '6.3

Suppfit,1' t41liiiO!Js gtvh 'lenyth rhm huhi d1mt:ns10ns wh1ctt 1nclude rhe Twu tvpes \JI t.ul,:u ere cvJ latJI" thC s~•Abo 1 us·ng t-.·.·n nuh. anr: t'l
0.06-mch u •s•d /iJCP. on llnfi<}Cs mCLmt:< !50 and 300, bm cxclutfe rhe 11-'JChrne bo t IJStniJ one 11ut tiot~ OJit¡_nns arn lh:srra·cn n ' ;we 2.")7.
0.25-mch wstd l.>e• ·on' "''""" m Cla:m!r 400 tluu 2500 Teble:r F Sw~t;o:t thleao lcn¡th• ¡¡t1lj r. amcws a·c QI>OO "'abl~ r.
mclude tho r<NsetlfiiCe l or ~11 """JI' Cl.lms Su..:dbo as have arge·v d:spl.aQ?C ·r.gu <11 lx.lh.o; Lr• 001• ug 1 t'I~J p·;NVJ ¡O ms
Th!eea--3vant;tges Gf rs.ng ~·udho 1~ ar{
FLAT FACE \\gst CO'!Hf!M us~ diC IOI matul] W1lh: tUjO.Sf~r.l Ha...:;~ un
úilillf! ,. p •mO I'IC 8."1! 11' • rn&I•TitlY••lh CJass 125 taSI·d'l)!l..,c¡IV('S and litttfl!t>. i 1) f'le st.u~bol• $ mort e<t1ilv tcn-r•r~d ,• carrotJed
121 ComUSion ·:. ¡r-. cthet ool·~ .Ut I'IQ srtt> •S IJ~Hted
#3) SliJCbol•s u1 1'1(l es) lrequenl~ ·~ 11n, ¡u~ tno)l uah la1r, br no,;t o¡
troó.lde hon tound s·od
MACHINt.=. OOI.t & NUT, •nd STU000l.f 8o NUTS FIGUR E: 2.$1 GASKE r CHAAA(.: 1f RIS I ICS TABLE 2 ,5
.6
S Q UA h t ·Hl AU
M/\LI !INl 0 0 1 l
~I UDOOL T

1 """ ........
MA)(IIoiiiM
flWl MAIIIIIl ,.............. ,......,.
MA,I( c\liUI ,,. U(.r(IM ,4\'A ilfl11.(
1141UHUS
2 .7.1
•n,.r .,.,
HE)( NUT HEXNVT
\\o !"' ·"''
o..
llll!lllt

""
l (l l.lú) .. ' .,
I IN(.tl($1

- !. 1

'fla t•• A11

" H I.Kll)

1hl®
'.:!'
'•

o:;"''
'"" • l'iOOOO
Cl'lf·..
''"' • . '\(11.:00
' .!C'\1

.....
"'""".........
"" • l4¡flWO
1 (4 1'1,"

UNIFIEO INCH SCREWTHREAOS IVN ANO UNR THREAD FORMi ll\R "" f.,"'Q,O"'
.,.,..,...f ,..,......
.
t•i;I'\C>I"'_,.
uu"l .... ¡•r. HII.IJ :1· cm,tl'hH a"n .1r.ruN! ru !J:Ietn.l' ~hr€"ads 1;n~y F.,. 01 ~·11

H .ru11'.1 lt.ot ,, nPIIJn:,. v\loUI ltiL vN t!l'i._..Jd. Tr.ere ate lcur Uuilieo sc~ew
11-.'<tdi Unilied Co.trlil IU~C/ UNCRt.IJn l<'r. Fonr (U\FIUNF'll, Lni; ed
.... _....
~ ~,.,.liiO'O
"'""'"'-1 'M
·~
,..,.....
,.
'"''""'
..
~~ ~'"' .
••, ..... .a ....._,
..-(.'

F.:r~l"" llJNfF/IJNEFPI dnr. Ur ,fr<CJ Serect"'J (t:.S/UNSR), ""¡, three A,..__

($A~'" ""
1>0
.,.., t"A«b .........,. .o u:.
Alta-'" .-01
·- ""'
S$-'
cl.l,..;-. ol f 1 lA. 21\ erld 3A lO< e•wn~ lhrea1s. ll!. ?R. ano3B l:u Jll!!rn>l S'i-(..4 ,.. .:·-cO'h

thle.l~S (CI;m 3 ~l'S lh• C0$1 ctmranco 1 Th S'.NII:,'d ",,NS 8! 1 "t.:•o

•1100ICIOtates a mNI'IC ltaruhmur.
INSVLATING GAS.C:ET SET FIGURE 2.58

IINC !C.Iuss 2 """''o"' lol b<rll and ~Jd rs r.soo lor !Jr. 1~ an:l ShJri!nlcs in
mr nc. cru1 S;)! 11IJed m the fo lo'"'"!l OtfP~

S1 Hl WASHU\_
INSV lAlii'\ G O\'A~ Hl. R ~

BOL T y, 13 UNC 211

NUT. ~) 13 UNC 2U

GASKE1'S 2.6.4
(i <)s~els uro usod te make a fhJifl rcl>ís.tanl senl herv...cfln two s~.r1 fcces. lhe
co!l~·uml ¡.¡iitJ ul P<~lll•m:~ (ur (Ji¡..H! flam~t!s ~10 lhn l,tll·facc <111d dng 1vpes, lar
usr Wlth flot·I<Jeoli "'"' ruisod·laco llan9cs 1esoect velv . Aefar 10 lioure 7 ~6
I'Muly tJsrd n•utorlats tor oaskets am ro!'lpr1J5sod asbasws ( 1/W inr.h chir.k)
on-1 JSU~st •J>lrllcrl n10101 ('sptrnl·wO'lM ' O175-onclr th ek) lhe folled rnewt
~¡<J!:I;,et i:. CSP\.1-C'I.illy usulul 1l u aiu lcu~n~.:~ n~~IU ;,es wpr:a11:1d •mt o~.tpling ol TEMPORARY CLOSURES FOR LI NES 2.7
(l,Jr QPS, d'> ih• QaskOI SOPJI• I<'> tleJOiy •1d S olteJ\ reusable.
Che e· ul ¡¡JSkol rs J"dd<rl lly. F IGURES
11) l llr'l¡Jl!lil:urc. pu~s.~..ur. iHUI corrosivc n;IHHP ot thl'! convcvec llu•d IN -LINE CLOSVR ES 2.7. 1 2.56-2.58
12) \'V'hethe• ll'dintcn.lflct.: or upmalHJR re4uues •epcateél urcouphng A cnmplotclv led~·prtJol 11~,1n~ tlf stopr ~'HJito,~ rn '•nas is nec~·s~ary in p•ping
13) Co h•/•"'' anoll'r :•l rnq.urn.,11t11S ~hJI r 1.1y a¡;ply s)4·crns when 0) A d'ldngc in ;~rocf"SS 'ltOII'rinl ~n fl o~o" in tf:r iirw i':! la be
14) Co<t Mdd·· and ero~ contd'lllrt.afiU(I is tu !Je ''"'.Ktlcd O t PcrioU e m.1intr!na•1ce IS
Gdth'c~ h : U'C.U:fiJteJJ's ¡¡ubllc.ttn:n 'Etl9H'1f!Ered J::!S1.P.t•rlg pro~ucrs' pro,udes co lle caH:ed wt• •md ¡¡ h.umd wuul:l b•• pn:sr~rlfl.'d by flnm:ili e andltH
•nlmrn.JttiYl o-• tiiC StJ¡I.c~lJ~IIy ;:~t tFJS:~f!t matl?f1Jfs to1 d•Heref'l app:.ca~'ors IOJiiC ff'3(etldl pa$$10\) d va'v•"
Tabt~ 2 !) QIY\.'S $0CTlO Ch3HICh'f,Stlt1: O: ~<.P.U.. ID a d ~f.Ci on
l ile w.c~fves :Jestflbed H\ J l rn.ty OUI fl~ft•t CO'Ytf'lr.!r. SC(I..UI:y •llfl;"Sl eai:..J.-;r,
1t may be requrred tnat aO~o~<ent pam of" trne 01e eleclllcat<v onsur.noo lrorn iJnd 01111 of t~e lottow n¡¡ rn•thuds al tl!mporaty closure can be usm Une
onr. anothP.r. ond tl'us m;:rv he dh1:1ed try ~n~rting a flonged iolni rmed bl1nd •.'31'18~ l1ne b 1t1d (includ n; spec .tllvpm·•Ot •IW.'.·.-•ttt ring·iolnlli:!~'Sl,
\\1th an in.SlJiar~ng 1)1Slcr 5e: tr.w..cam roo p:ms. A gasket Clecuically insu- spec1acte plale (SO<•' od hom i:s shape). 'd••rhlr block a.d blr.'<'d', iWld bfird TASLE
L.ltes 1l'.e fl.llt!JI' foo•s. and $1~'\·t5o ,"'lld \v.!Stlr.rs insulatr- rhr. hohs hom one flant}eS •eplacing a remcv<tble suoul. TI'C lasl lh'cC tiDSlJtl'S are dlusllated in
2.5
01' t;olh 'lar~~. M illusu.,rct! '"' qJre 2.58. : g;rres 7 59 :hru 7 61
12i l
SPECTAClE P LATE & l iNE BLI ND F IGURE 2 .59 Fiouru ?.r,o ~'"'ws 1he hh:ed 11110 connec1ed 10 a b!ccd valvo suc 3 1 11 Thu
usr of o tappcd valve 1a1he1 than a bleed ring should be r.uusideoea, 6S ot ls
~ I N I-
BliN O a mene I!COillmliC t.lll iJIIQef"lent. and usu:llly c~m be specif1ed merely by addino
a suttix 10 ttiP \' ~lvn OfdPr~qg rmr1bC1

1.5, rmt illuslral~ as ccnsttt;ctton vams. This IVPI! ot

A lir.e-.Lhrtd "13 ... e
w'W ircutpOtd1tlS a spec1aciB plate samt:.iched betv.-een 1"0 113ru¡es •·.iHch
f"l3V be e•pancr.d or 19~1cncd (by wul! e;,sy meansl. atlov.cng 1hl! spet1i1Cie
p~11e '" he rcvuned. Cunst•nt-leog1h hnebhnd valvtls are a:so "'atlable,
made 10 A'<SI doml!ri$Ul0$ lor '"" length.
J ack Ufew

Tobte 7 S comp~r"" thn.odvar td;¡es ol tl'e lour u•hne tempCJrarv closures·

IN.L INE CI.OSURI!S TAOL!. 2.6

:>1 U ~ V IC\'/ ._
\ C: l,OSliAt
1 I N ~ RUN O
wtcr A (: t f DOVSl f Hl M(IVA!• t l
I'LATE, u• BLOCK, 6
11 \ h a u ld b e n o ted VAl Vl L IN[ BLINO 6LEEO SI•QOI.
n•;~t
CRI TI'-fUON -\
1;~ c:~<. scr ew~ rn<~v
~le.:e In (0f r01i Y•
((lr)d ltiOt'l.) AE LAT IV( M (OIUM E'JCP(NS(,
OV[RALL l( "~' OH f NO tNG 0"4 f A[ OUf NC:V M 0$1'
t osr [ )(I'(.N~ IV [
()J.- C I-IA.N t.EOVF~
rxrtNS1vr
YA'lHOVJ:tS
f OR OOoBU: NI:Glllo18l.i: 11ol -.f:GU Gt8 LE :ho6
OOU8Ui 9LOCK AND.ULEEO FIGURE 2.60 (H.A...,GfOVUl
1 -
Nl't!At.. f &.IM:l V taN V [ ft '( t'ft(;M
(()ST lil(fH t4JG"

(EATAIHl"r'

...
COM~f ff COY I'l[l[ 00\IBTfOL tQ VI'\11'(
o• SHul orr
VISVAL vtSBlff
"OICATIO~ t
V($ St.fSP(CT VIS
v.wo P\.ANT
PtPCFITI(R
fl'lA-..T
PtPH1ff(q
OPEMAtt'l;l 0PFA.&10R OPtAAlOR

CLOSU RES FOR PIPE EN DS & VESSEL OPEN INGS 2. 7.2

Tomp1uarv bui iOd cli>Sures includo blind llanges usong flat 9osk~ts ltr liny
jo;ms, T·bull elos uros. woldcd on clnsures wi th h111ged doors ondudinq thc
hohll!ss m..!llliOfe covcr (Robort Jonkins. Englcmd} and d 0$tm ~ prim.u •IV •u
RCMOVAULI; SPOOI.. FIGURE 2 .61
tc•uJud loo vcsse•s. such •• thn L:onapu 1anqe (Bonr cv Foogt!) :;hit 1t muv uiSO
bo useu w11h ptpe ol '"' JI!
dtametuo The tilirou fl""!}e 1~ tnr>>11y '"uu w11h a
v1~1 tl futJfO ~)lp111~u;1 uf 1t1e Pllllfl~ svste:n, or for cleaning, lf'sa;ectton. etc.

:n~----l~~~
t-hfl~ ctosutes: ar• al·~~~ ill$-lal"ed on "-essels; I0 1 rcqucnlly oo p1pe

h m m RFMOVAUL< SPOO<.

(lt m1at l>e QMIIOie Ut

rttn<~e o ne o t bcUh ot 11••
illP
QUICK CONNECTORS & COUPLINGS
OVICK CONNECTORS

Twa lorrm ol co1nce,or spe.cifica;ty destgr>ad for ternpor.uy ""'uro.

2.8
2.8. 1

,,dj.'lc:e<t: lla n~~ """'4Y {1) Lever typt' wllh doub v h:vP.1 ci C~mping, such flS E•mrtiu• 'St.Jn<.lJrd' and
tront tn e '-13'1)<>1 10 e H"'ct Vocto.1lic 'Snap Jmnt' (2) Scoew type wtth captiVI' nu t - 'ltuse cooncctor'
rton l<W<JI 1111~ 11 MPII<I¡tlly
l mow t.nt w lo h •l no ¡ntn o )
f),li'I I:JC$ J TyoicnluNr. is lur col'lnectmg temporanly to lonk <:ars, trucks or ()rocess vos
'
Sf!IS. hltO(·II!l(leS OQft'! IJinPnlS pcrrnil ptanl operotOIS l(l a iiHCh and unr;uuplo
11 a lina ls t11 be l!mtpormily closed down with rJoubll! hluck·nnd·bleed, bo¡h 1hcsr: lmlt!nss cunnuclOrs.. t.::erlJin lemporory conncclr¡rs have l.nuh·1n vntvus
vatv¡•s '" " cluscd. and the lluid b~lw<?en t1L'""" off w11h thn bluud vah·e. The Evmtite 'll anutJcl ufl!~ a úu u~ le shut off connct:tor f01 hqmds. ond' Schr(IÚUI
h!i!f·¡i v¡11vu iS then lul t uptm to show w~P l 'lrr 1hr mltnr •JtJivcs. am lrgl tly s~ u 1 a '.'illvcll CUI>IIOCIUI IOI &11 hnes
BOLTEO OUICK·COUPLINGS ~.8.2 m Fle rou!lng or fC·Spóng !he !iuc. (7} Exoanston locps ""' ligutc G. l. .7.1
Connections ol ti js 1VPt' r·t;~y bP :;uunhlr for r.tthnr perrnanent o~ tcmporarv
use. dependin-g Or• the 101nt cmd qJskt!t, tuul scrvirn cnndiunns. Piping c<~n
(3) Cnlt.tthJit!ll plnr:.:<Pcn t o• eochors. (4) CD•d sptinumo ;ce 6 1 Oellows·•VP"
t!XP II'StCl't ¡~unt5 ol tre type sho.,.,.u u li~un• 2.63 Ul€1 uiStJ l,s ·d tu oosorb
2 .9.1
'o'llU.:hiU
be built rapodly with tllem, and they ••~ e>peci" ly us.·lul lo• making rCjli)it~
to 1 nes, for coostrucb~~g shO<Hun proccS> u<St~Lttiom such ólS pilot plants, SIMPLE Ol!l.LOWS FICUAE 2.63
atld lor ptocess m:>eifie-•tioJL
COUPLINGS FOR GROOVED COMPONENTS & PIPE
Cm.phngs of th<; tYpe ··e l'ldt>uldoluu•d bv lh Victa,dic Corrpany ol
All"'l!lica for h$e VYJth steel. cast-irDI', 1 HP nr p il!.1•c. p pr, ~i1hcr havirtg
g¡ooved onds, nr witr lfottaul e colla" welded 01 cemented w che pipe
enes.
Th1: fnlluwmg Splcia fi1tmg~ with gtlmvi•d ,.,,ds rne ovailahle elbow. tee
(all types), laLetal, cwss, ••llucm, 11ippl1!, arul rop. GtooVP ended valves and
'.•tdvo aUÍJplOIS cuc aiso avaifolJin. AdvclfiiUUtJ)) (1 ) Ouid< littin9 nnd rcmovol.
m Jnint can tak€ up some deflect<Oil ontl CXPOI1S101' (3) Suotallle loo 1'\'131\V
uses, Wl1h COl rf!Cl 9-askms.
Thc monufacturer states thot the btg~est us~ me hu permJnem pl;:¡nt a1r.
WJIIJI ldtin~ing, wrvice, proccss. wa, tel and lubroc ont lines.
AATICULATED DCLl.OWS FICURE 2.64

COMPRESSION SLEEVE COUPLINGS Jllt xtfnsovr.!V usrrt for .1ir, WJICt.

o arv.t ~- WES ·blc::M.on "TTiQnutactufe•s 11-.:lo.:l Vic:auhr., Oressr.J an€! Sm11h
U an. Atl\-amaqcs; (1) Otac" htttr'llf Clt\d ren tM f7)Jmrn m.,y ra<e up some
deii«t<On and e-<oansiuo· !31 fnd ptepatal 011 ot P•P~ os nol ~1!.

VICTAULIC COMPRESSION SLECVC COUPLINO FIGURE 2.~2

FG..JRES
2.59- 2.65
.ARTICULA fEO TWIN BELLOWS ASSEMBLY fiGURE 2.65

EXPANSION JOINTS & FLEXIBLE PIPING 2.9

EXPANSION JOINTS 2.9.1

F 911res 2.63 1hru 2.06 sl11¡w muthods of accom nod~t•nu tnove01ent 111 po~i119 TA9LE
lllJf~ tu re:npP.ratt..re cha"lges. i f ~u eh nuMtuu:rP ':!!nno; be w~en t.IP b~' 2.6
( 2ll
 FICUA.E 2.GG STRAINERS 2.10. 3
$1,10 1NG.SI..ff!VE·ANO·ANCHOR SUPPOtl1'

lnSf'lli'd :r lu r,~ 1 ~lf~ilil di Sf~fi)!I!VI"~ t!C:UI[IWó!PI S.lrUIIIIHS

C•JIIrrt sohd :t.Hf, ll'\Hll~, 1,1( ' ' TM~c)i/t.'r!ll;:f.0.:)2 · l~~rr"l. ·,•.ho• :'1!1
t.>c n'tl.l' •• Jd Lv ~ r~HIJ ·r. f u. ~aru.!J :re'll ¡ ,n 'h! ·ra••utts ceer
... ~;:· r; G(ln·..- 'ffltVe t ' r·e e
,¡t ( · l {"•H _ .:·e o..~sed • U ~·e-ur ·; lff t ....
=2-;..q.¡ula~tea.;¡,;¡¡.¡..,-,.,.:¡;:51:..J,OO.I...-i1ll.o.:l..~

The tOI'lmonest strainm is the illustrated wyc l'¡pe ,.,here the wr.cn "cylu~
~L.I01NC. SLFFVE dnc anci 1c1ains 11'8 f)ltrlltles Wilhin. This type of stramef u eas11y d1sman1·
leo Soma mainerscan be fittcd Wilh" val-.., to taciltlatc bloNing out collctt·
/'. ed matclinl wiii10ul shuttmg tlie line down-see figu1e 6.9, 101 cxample.
.)atketod sl!ai11e1S ore ovail~hlo.

F~EX I B~E PIPING 2.9.2

Sll PARATOR FIGURE 2.67

Fur filliuy &nd emptyong rnilcars, tan~ers, etc., thru oogid PiP<>. 11 is necessnoy
tu desogn erticuloted pir.ing, using ·swivellng' ¡o1<ots, ur ·~~11' 1olnts ~ thc lallet
is d 1Unlversa1' joint). Ffextble hose ha$ rmmy U:)US especiolly t,\hUri.l there is
ORlER :,o·\._AM
a nE!Cd tor temporarv connec1inns. or t~.tlefe v1brar•on m rno..oemem cccurs.
C!)emlcal~r~st3ru and/or annored t"!oses are availaulc 111 regular or jacketed
lorms (see ftgure 6.39).

SEPARArOAS, STRAINERS. SCREENS & ORIPLEGS 2..10

COllECTING UNWANTEO MATERIAL FROM THE FlOW 2.10.1

-nuvic~s 1.11e mcluded in pmce·ss and serv1co lino~ lo soptHOlP nnd culloct un-
desi•Jule solld or lí~uid m~ty• i•l. Pope S<;alu. lonse 'Nilid rnewl. ""'""cted or
dcc<Jmposed processrnntcrial, preclpttatr..tS, u!ul<:tiUlS, olls. or wotm muy harrn
c1ttuH ~'quapmtnt ur the process.
Comrnon lorms of fone-installed separator mu 1llusuated 10 figures 2.67 and
1 68. Other more elabo1ate separators mcntioned In 3.3.3 are •va1lable, but S TR..AINER FIGURE 2.68
these fall more into the cate<¡orv of process equ1pment, nnrmallv selected by
the proc:ess engmeer.
Air ond sorne other lJ'I$'lS in hquod-bearing lirK!S are normal !y $111!-collocting at
p1ping h1(;l po10u and al the rernote tllldS of headcrs, and 3m V<1tted by diS·
charoe valves sec 3.1 9.

SEPARATORS 2.10.2

Tilll:iC,P~""<tJ1ent d~vic•!l! "'~ used l9..fOIIe,t!...droolr.ls '~'"" a <WS2!>us strc;;m,

11ur J:xwnptu, tCJ collect_oil dro~>iets J.l.2.n.l cornprussod l)il, nr <:ondensJtc droo
'rut) ltom wcl stcom F19dr1! 2.67 shows a soporow• 1n wh•ch droolets 10 thtl
$1ru,un collecl in che... ron~~rl glf)O\IéS Íll the bJmnr wul driun fO lll~ll welf
toiÍocted liqulll 'o> dtochao!;ed vo~ ~ tmp -see 3. 1.9 u11d b. lll.l,
SCREENS 2.10.4 RE I NFORCEMENTS 2.1 1
.9.1
Simple temporary strarners mode trom perforated sheet metal and/or wire 2 .11
mesh are used for ~tartun opNotions on thn suction sido of pumps and comp BRANCH CONNECTIONS
pressors. especrolly where thcro rs a long run ol plprn~ belore the unit thot
may coruain wold SI)81U.·r 111 maiOIIitl ioadvurh:ntly lefl in 1he pipe Aher 'Reinfnrr.euumt' •s 11m addllion of exuo metal ata IJta•·ch cunnc-cttun made
st•rtup, the .c;reen uwolly is rourov~d. trom a prpe or vessel Wdll. T~e ddded ruutol Coll'pensates 101 the structural
"~?kr.nrng d"c ta thc hole.
lt m¡¡y be neCP.S$1)ry to orranoe lora smallte'Tlovable spoolto acco'llmodate
thc ~rí~n 11 is impor1;)fl~ thí11 ·1·-e tto·.·.. •n -.uc11on lines shou!d r.o: be Stub rns mav be ternforced w th rew'•• or wrap;uound saddtes, as sho·,•.-n
rE!$lrictcd. Cone-Shaped strcens are thcrefor prefcued, with cytiodric .n l·~•te 2.71. R'"'l' m.rde fr01'1 plat~cck are used to rernlorce branchcos
IVPe! dS SPrond chnicl'_fl11 srn,~n$ <~rf•lll•tu•r msmwd tor laN·suctior ,eads. made Wlth we dec Tater<Jis a11tl bun ,.,drlt·rl connccllons to vessels. Small
v.l!tded oonnec11ons rnay be teinlnrcod by ;rdd•ng txtra ""'d metal to tire
SC:AEEN BETWE[N Ft.ANGES FIGURE 2.69 joint
Rcrnforcrng pteces are usually prOVIOI!d ·,·,1lh 1 small hale to ..,., gases
fl<Oduced hy ,.,..,;ding, •'- g31e1 \'lOo d Olha'"'!e be ttap~ed A vem ~ole
also seNes 10 •ndiCOte anv ICJ~.,qe hcrn tire ¡ornt

STRAIGHT PIPE

U);UJ\1.. C,HACc.;riON t a hun ..·.·eld ¡o~n,ng :tJ.o St,!f.;l.0r1s ot ~crdi~ll pioo 1) subject to untiSlJal
OF FLOW THAU extcrn.1l <Hrss, rt ITIJy bu re nlorced by the dddrtron ol d 'slue•u' (!orrned
HIL $CfU.(N
horn twu unrts, mr.h resembhns the ower member '" figure 2.71 (b)).
The code applrc~hh: 111 thn nrrino ~l·ould be consulled lor rernforcement
requ,,emems. 8":7:1< ··~ 1 1'1!' .111: ,, ·e:n~•(.ro¡ , 11 ~~ ri'HI~~-.r~r.men•, ~r rh6
(lfl' 1:1~ 1.1 ('!111 1 ' 1

REINFOACINC SADOLES FIGURE 2.71

DRIPLEC CONSTAUCT ION F IGVRE 2 .70
(ni ACG.U LAR SAOUI,.L

o---7"~·

--
- ---- ----=-:.~-
FIGUR ES
2.66-2.71
l l:tAPPIPiNG
CONN ECTIO"'
(b) WAAPAAOUNO SAOOLl.

fUOWOOWN
CONN(.CnON

O RIPL EGS 2.10.5

Often made lrOf!l p¡pe ,md lith:•~# tht.• driplug is an inexpensive means of
oollec:ung conde<l$110. Frqure 2.10 shuws a dripk'9litwd toa horiLOntal pi;>e.
Rem<ml ol condeosate lrom steam lrnes rs drscussed in 6.10. Recummended
sues lcr drrpll'ljS are grw:n in table 6.10.
1251
 PIPE SUPPORTS FIGURE 2.72A
HANGERS SUPPORTS

tfh O 1 "'"''
(..•:.~'> ...,,

,.,..sr ...~
• r t .. 1

~\IIMI"-l~
"tJI<"
~
IIOLI - •
•• ' ...
f.l • t!IW
t
V.HO

! ~:;;~~~·
J. .. "'··

un. . .
I'I,.AI \Io'll-1 ROO 11011 ·'

IJI..Io\\\'I'UC j

'• . 9'RING H•,OER

= o ~
---,. ....
= l
...
••••

L
HAI

HUI
l'lll,/1'

Jo .. ""'' •
f<l.111

....,,. ..
"'" ,. .. •
•

,.hO

r-l>.:l-
"'•Glf ';AliOli
1 L SlCII()-.;
"'
""'~ ' "-Cl ••·'""·m 1 lff i CJN.SHH.
OH GHAI?11 1 t
$ L II""ll l'lAi t:í
 PIPE SUPPORTS FIGURE 2.728 211 -12
SUPPORTING PIPE SUPPORTS ALLOWINC
CLOSE TO STRUCTURAL SHEL FREE MOVEMENT Of PIPE
l. CONSTANT LDAD TYPE

~
2. VARI ABLE LOAD TVPE

(~- \ll
1 . ~ \
--~
Jlll.
1 - --
u

·.
FIGURES
,. ¡2.72A&B

C0lO$f riU.IG
h liY0(U)!.""!'.\11G
IE!.l$"1~

..
' '

1271
HARDWARE FOR SUPPORTI NG PIPING
Symbols lor dfüi!IOQ VOIIOU~ 1VPOS ol SUPIIIHI ilrll Shuwn in <:hall 5.7.
desrgnrng support svstcms, s¡•n 6.7
PIPE SUPPORTS
Prpe S<;ppou, sh 10ld be as s>mpte as cnndrtoons ~IIO'N Stock """'"are uscd
wht!re oractlcable, espec ally lor mpmg 'tcld hom auove. To S..1)pon prprng
trom below, S<~p¡>orts ~re uSúally made 10 surl from platestcck, orr.e. and
piet::es. of SHhCioral stee.
A sereet on of &Yarlable nar<t.-.~re for suppott>fl!j is illu51raleó '" : gures 2.72A
nnt: B
TERMS FOR SUPPORTS
SUPPORT Tlx; "'~iqht ul pipong rs Ul\lally carr·ed on suppons made rrom
suuctural Steo!l, or steol and coocrem (Tho teJm 'sup~ort' t< "''" used .n
referencl'l to hat19f!r$.)
HANGER De-<~ce whrch su¡p~n,ls ptprng (u¡t,,rlly a songlr: lir:c) hum ':ruc-
tutat '\teel, COflr.tCHl Ot '<WOd. H\1n9CIS UfO USUi::llly ud¡uslaUii! fOI heiyJJL
ANCHOR A rigirt 511rtpor 1whi<J 1Hl!Vf'!nts uansmi~ion ol n·.ovenen l (therma!.
viiHatory. etc.) alony popinu Construcuon mav be hom stcel plote. brnckr.ts.
flonge$, rods1 otc Auochrnont of un nnclmr 1u pq.1ú shuuld p1eilmJbly eHd(cle
the pipe and be weldod oll oround os th1s uivcs o bcttor d1striboHion of s11ess
tn the iltpe woll.
TI E 1\n a; 1an9ement of ono or moco ro(IS, bars.. cte.. w :estra1n u•ovemeu1
ol p>pino.
DUMMY LEG !In extension ponce lul ptpo ur JUIIerJ steol sectiun) weldeu
10 an t lhow on order 10 '''PIH>tl tloc loron-sce fiuu>e Z.!ZA and table 6.3.
Tl•e lollow1flg ha1dware 1S osed whr1u nwchcmical and/or thurmal rnovwucru
is a probiN~'I
GUIDE A mr.•n• ol oll¡¡wil ya pr~e 10 move along lts leng;n, but nct
sidt.W.l\'!'
SHOE A Me!al poece at:..ched to t~ undersrde ola prpe w'>tc' rcsts on scp-
poniny steel. Prirnarrty used 10 reduce '~' from slidm~ lor •'1€< subjccl
movemenL Per'llriS U'$.1181101\ 10 be ilOP oelllo pope.
SAOOLE A \',cfdP.e ai1JChmenl for p oe recuirinq ins.ulatico. dAd
10 101\'¡itudinaJ or rolliog movernont hesulling lrom temperatura chanr¡es
0\llet than cl,matic). Saddla mav be osed ""'h gurdas il$ Shown in 6.2.8.
2.12 SUDE PLATE A slldO plillC SUiljJOtl IS >llustr~ted tn fiuure 2.72A. F>gmc
2.72B shows apphtallons ol 'Ur.at' graphtte shde t>lotoswlo~ chorc otleted by
Union Carbidc lnc. Thc two pldtes used in u support are made IJorn or
r 01 laced with a meterral ol low lrlction abte 10 wrthsland "'echanlc•l suess
and te111perature chengcs. Plates are ohen rnade trotn graphiw blocks. Steel
plates woth a tellon facrng are avarlable ond may be wetded 10 steel.
2.12.1
Sprong hangers or supoorts allow vanauons 111 thc lenglh of prpe due to
changes on temperatura. 'llld "e olton •·~ for l'mocal hros. Reter 10 6.2.5
lrgure 6. 16. Tt,¡re are 1.-.~ ry¡x'S ulwr'nr¡ han!Jilr or support.
'CONSTANT LOAD' HANGER Thos CC'tÍCil ronsom of a co;l spring and
IEM:r mechanism on a housirrg. ~·ovcment ol 1~ p prr>g. ;nllun lrmrts, woll
not change the s¡lllog 1orce hold ng up the ptprfl!j,l'>us. no addotronal torces
will ba 10110duceó lO lhl> pip llqS0,">1C'II.
'VARIABLE SPRING' HANGER, ond SUPPORT These ciNrces consost of a
2.12.2
coi spring in a hou~ng. -he weighl olthe ptprnr¡ fll$IS on lhe sprrng In com•
pression. The s¡:riny permits e llmtled amoum ol r~rmal movement A
variable sprrng hsnger holdtna up a vertocat hne wrll redutt rts loftrnq torce as
the line expands to·.-rard rt. /1 variilbt.> s¡trong Sllpport "'"uklrn<:m;1sn tts lih-
ing force il$ the line a.pand~ tow~rd it. Bo1h plocc a luad un the pip;ng system.
Whmc this is undesirable, a coMt•nt·IOod haN¡er """ be uSEd >OSie<~d.
HYDRAULIC OAMPENER, SHOCK. SNUBBER, or SWAY SUPPRESSOR
One end oi the unit rs ottached 10 piprno on1l 1ho uthor tostructurol stccl or
COfu¡rütO. The unit uxpanlfs or conuacts to absorb slow movl:lment ol ptpmg,
bul " rtgtd 10 ropid movement
SWAY BRACE, or SWAY AARESTOR, IS CSS81lllally O hohcal spring tn a
housmo '•*-'hlch 1s lined bctWC(ln pipino nud i'J 119id sttul:luHJ. 11s lunc.tion
tS to bulfa1 vibtation lllld swav.
WELDING TO PIPE 2.12.3
li tho app!icablc 1;ndu pcrmils, lugs may hu '.'.'t'ldt~d Ht pipe. f tyUJe 2.12A
il 1us1r.1ms somn cnmmnu atldllQt:l~mntli usu1q ~~A-~IdotJ lu;s, 1ol'ed steel wctlons
aod pi~e. lor -
{1) Frxrnr¡ h.1ngJJI'S fll Slll•<llnal stl'llt, lliC
(2) /lllatlriny 10 pope
lo (3) SupportinQ prpe
Wetdrnr¡ suppom 10 pre inLod pope ••..ill """"IIV spml trre .mng. •nd therefor
sub)eci lugs. r.tc., must be ....,lood 111 pipo ar d lolllllQ$ betore IN hnrng rs ,;ppht'll
Welding ol supports and lugs lo popes and 'SS1els 10 ba stres:.reli.,...d s~ould
be dooe belore heattreatment
1201
VALVES, PUMPS, COMPRESSORS, [3]~

and Jypes ot Process Equipment

VAL VES 3., ( 1) Tha 'disc' anrl 'se::~t' tha1 duect!y aifcc1 the How
(2) 1'hf! 'stem' Lhat moves the disc- in sorne val•;es. lluid ul)tJer rur~sslue
FUNCTIONS OF VALVES 3.1., does the wor~ of a str.m
(31 Tha 'body' and 'bonnet' that housc thc sJc11•
Table 3.1 91ves a basls for classifymg valvcs accord.ng to lunction: The 'operator' that mo•1úS Jhe stem {or piCSSurill:s Huid for squce1e
valvúS, etc.)

USES OF VAl. VES 'f 1\BLE 3.1

Figures 3.1 thru 3.3 shO'+'' thmc- ctunmon lypns ol val>ie wi1h cheir ¡Jarts
lobi!ICó.

VAL VE ACTJON EXPLANATJON SE E SECTION:

OISC, SEA T. & PORT
STOPPING OA
ON/OFf 3. 1.d and 3. 1.6
STARTING FLOW
VARYIN(J THE Chart 3.1 lllusirates vurious types úl disc and pnn arrnngcments, and mech·
REGULATING 3. 1.5, 3. 1.6 and 3. l. JO anisms usnd for nopping or rcgulntinQ flo•:J. Ttte moving pon r1irectlv nffcct~
RAfE OF FlOW
PE RMJTTI NG F LOW
ing thn flnw is wrncd the 'disc' rcg;,rdless of hs shape, and thP- non moving
CHECKING IN OI>IE OH<ECTJON 3. 1.7 1-1arl it bears on is termeri thc 'sr.í!t'. Thc 'port' i5: ¡hn mnxirnum inumm1 npeu·
ONLY ;,~ ior llow (tlmt is, when tlie valv• is fully opeol. Oiscs m&v be actuated uy

SWITCH JNG FLOW the conveved lluitl ot !Ju muvod LJv a stern lluvi1l9 a linear, 1Utarv or hellc~l
S\\'1TCH ING ALONG OI FFERENT 3. 1,8 •oovei!>Ci\l. The stem ceo be movetl manually or be driven hydraulicaily,
ROUTFS pneumattcallv or electricanv. under remote or automatic control. 01 mech·
OJSCHARGING FLUJO ~nic~lly by •N\ll~htcd lever, spring. etc.
OJSCHARGJNG 3.1.9
FROM A SYS'rE.rv1
rhe SÍLi! Of Cl valve is lfettmninP.d b,• 11m Si/1! uf its t::nrls +..•lhirh connr.cl lO lhe
pipe, etc. Tt<e pun sil. e 10av be Sll1clic<.

Types o· val•.•e suuabie for on/oft and ICQulolln(l funcl10ns ,JIO liSte•J iu STEM
Lhal'3.2. Th!! suiwbilhv nf tt 'lalvu ltu n rf!!¡L;ired p¡¡tposc rlr!pcnrls on liS
eonwuc110o. tliSC"SSúd In 3.1.3. ThaiE~ iJW l'liO cah:qmies ul st;Hw1ed .Sli!m: Th ~ risiny slum showu w hgures
J . l aud 3.2. amJ llw rmn·lisiuy Steru shU\".'fl in liyuH! 13.
PARTS OF VALVES 3.1.2 Risi!lq ~tr.m (~aw ilud g1ohü) wtlvcs me ~nade eilher wllh í 11side Scrl!w' fiS)
01 'uutsidu scu~w · {OS}. lile OS type llas a yoke :lO the bormet ano llw
V~h·c nmuutacum:1s' cal~h>gs ollcr (1 sccmtnylv (¡ndless vunety of tonsuucM 3Sscmbly is rf!(Homl 10 :1S 'uulSi!h! scre·,._, and yoke'. a!Jbtevrdted 10 'O$&Y'.
TASLE
uons. Class•tiC.alHlll 1S JHJSSlb1e. ht•v...cvl!l, hv t:oustderinq ¡he hasic: pm1s thm 1he lmmJwheel (;(111 r:ith(!r 1ise .,.•.,th Ute stem, or the s1em can use thru the
rrtflkc up a ·Jai·.. e 3. 1
haodwl<eel.
BASIC VAlVt MtCHANISMS CHART 3.1
IN THESE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS, THE DISC IS SHOWN WHITE,
fLUID CONTROL fl[M[NTS [OISCS] THE SEAT IN SOliO COlOR, & THE CONVEYED flUID SHADED.

OP[RA HO VALVfS SfLf-OPfRA HO VALVfS

GATE GLOBE ROTAR Y DIAPHRAGM CHECK REGULATING

OfAI'HM:.\(j.V
(jLOfU ROTAKY.8-'.U CSA.ll'«tf fl$ '.,,.. IM($$UA( RtGUlATQH

1
üUTTtRfLY 91~11 KAU.. CH(CX.

I
$1NGI.l lUSC
$1N0lt·SC.Al GATE N¡;_ruLI: TllliN(j I)IS(: C Ut.l:K !l:TOP CtiCCK

( .)1)¡
Non·ustnq stem vatves are t)f thc g.au: tvnn. Tltn hnnrtwtu:cl ond stem are u1
tne sama pos1tton whether the vai"Ve tS opct! 01 ctu~:r.d Thu sr.ww is insu1r:
tiHJ honnm nml in co.ntact wtth the convevcd lluld.
BONNET

lhere a•e lhrcc h;rsir; types of a11achmen1 loo Vdl'll' b<~nnr·:s · !C<e"~d
3 .1 .2
{inr."ur!tft9 union), tloltt:t:, .md brccchlock.
A 'floor stand' is a stem extensoon for use '"'~ both ¡ypes of sterr.. where it
A strtr.wd bcHinm ~•V occas¡on:a y Shtl( aod u.:m whtitt 1 or.tl\'t! tS npenr.rl
~ nr.cess.w, to vperate a \'ah-e tt•ht a t !10' or pLHiorrt. Al:ew..ih:lv rnrJ~
ftltt!'ll Wolh IJflJ~l'rsa ¡oin!S rr:::rr be LS4:i: 1;) ~~~~ 11 ·,•,J ve tarct:,+.€~ ,',1ihir
flllroU<JI' sudrng is """ el e problem w lh lhe unoon tvpo bc••net. •::>!ves
v. lll scce-.-.~ bonnels. arr: b6~ rese;wd ~o· se·viCf~ prt'Senung no hatard !O
,fll opf.'r.aiU(S rtoarl.
pt:'liiJrnd. Union tonr-:e1s cue more suitatJit! lot s111all V'~Jfves fftllnllng he·
Qcto: dismanllir>g 1t"r· thc simplr. stre.~d type.
Ol!pcnoong on t~e size of the reqo11ed v.llve and avaolabílitoes, se'ec!lcn el
Str'"'wve can be based on Ti' e !Joltcd bonort hllS larg<•ly drs~laced scrc·:.'l!d and uoron bumwl '""'es rn
hvdrocarbon apphcations. 1\ U·oo.l 01 clamp·lype bonnc1rs olfe1orl 011 scmc
( 1) Whnther '' os undesorab.e to• the convcycd fluid 10 bo in c:oonact wi;h
s·ua! qau~ v.tlvPs lor r·wdcH•le pressures. te tacdttJte llf:lltJt;lll r.lc:nniun onll
lht.: thtP.atled ht:ariro :-.uriJn!!i
lll~l'f:i;IIQI
(?) Whet~eo ao exposed soew os lr•hlu tr> hu olarnouutl by AhrHsi''" atmo·
sptu~c 1C tfusl Thc '¡Jrussu•c scol' is n vallalrnn of lile bolhld lrnnnol usod lor high pressu;e
(~) Whethe1 tl is oecessaPt tu snf! i1 tlm V\tlvfr .s orwn nr ctoscd v•lvn>, "''"'"Y
COinbincd wilh OS& Y construclinll. 11 nrnkr.> usu or lrnc pres
SUie tu lighlt.!n rmd senl nn interna! metal rmu or gask~l <~llai u!il 1hu hndy,
lu adtlrlron tu 1he preccding lypcs uf slorn uscd wltll 9atc •nJ glubo valvcs.
lliOSI other valves have a simple rotary Slem. Aotory ball, ~luq and butwrflv The tJret:chlud. is ;1 hc:Mcr infrcQuently-used and mur~ cxpeos•ve cor\slruc-
vah.·es ~dve a rotary stem which is rnov\?d by ít ocrman~nt lcver. or tool applied tu'u. rt ~·1 lar t'tgh-oressure t;se, anc tr ...·nlves scah'~··ldmg o• the be •1uet W\1'1
!O d V~Ud/f boss at th.e nnd ol ttle slcm thll hodv.

'IGURE 3..1 FtCUKE 3.2 FICURE 3.3

GATE VALVE (OS&Y, bolted bonne~ "'109 stem) GlOBE VALVE (OS& Y, boltect bon.-, riunt tt..-nl GATE VALVE US, bofbld boniWI'l, non rktnt n.m)
Q-jART
J.1

FIGLAES
3.1 - J.J

...
.........
, L.~""'"' J.l1~
·'"'"'·· ·
,' w••·
t; -._.... r "'
r
'
.,- 1 ~,,...) ...f
,,.,., • h...
f
. "
A O~ llilo1 \
~
T\iM
,¡ 1..:'"' "- ''"'' • t,IO#o ,foil
¡J ••• o.;¡ 1 ":."••: · .
O\ ....., ...... ,
_\LII.W'
r;;~~~~~ ·~··
...... ...
• 1 . .. , •.• , 011

,,... ,
~
l<)t<ol
..
.~~
~··
......
1 • ,¡ , ,
·.n· 1 ,,,,
-..,h.. ..., , . ...ru••··• ...... J
ll\~: ::, ••'-~:
~ ~ .........t
·~~}};.~;,¡ot o •'"' lt •r.\
¡¡ • ((1 (\'o ...
ÚJiil) •l ~ !' tllll •n i"

.....
•• !llllo..

1311
 A cuucal factor for valvas usod lar ~">ccss t:lrnmical' ;, thc lubrication of the
stcrn. Care has 10 bo t;¡knn ¡, IIH• Slllr.cl•on of packinu, nland design, and
rhoicc ond appllcaliun ul lubricafll. A' on u~tion the bonnel rnay 1nclude a
'lontern ung' which sc•vos twu l" "l'oscs cithcr to act as a collec~on poinl
10 dldtn ot l an~· h,!l;urlolt~ se~pagos. 01 dS e1 pmnt whorc lubricant can be
IO)etiPd.
LANTERN RING
Flal1l)ed •.-alves use gHs~cts to scal againstllro lino flangcs. Autterfly vafves "'"Y
ex1end Lhe resilinnt scat 10 olso serve os fim• gJskuts. The r•essu•e·seal bomrel
)oint ulilizes 1ho prossu1e of the conveyo~ lluins to 119h1en !he se•l - """
'Pressure seal' UIH1er 'Uunum', thi~ ~CI IOn
MANUAL OPERA TORS
HANOLEVER tS vsed 10 aelt,;ii'~ llle ~IWI!Sttl )l11atltu. ll f'lfly ,Jnd rota1y·iJdll
valvcs. aoó small COC<-S. 1.'.'u·r11.-h J:j't'!li1110n ISL¡f;d lt;r cucl.s and srnall Dlu~
val>-es.

HANOt.EVERS 0N SMALL VAL VE$

WRI:.NCH U$(0
AS OPC.AAIOA
COCK con<
--
l)N

WRt._(': ...

BOOV

Scll!c:tion of l'nQterrotl to fahr101te ahe mteuor of tt'e valve bolly 1S irrp:Jr:a••?

•.•.nh a val..-e u~d for proetSS cNttllttafs.. There :s r:f!Pn a c.hou:F. ..·.nt-: regace
to thc boflv artd l'im. and somc ~lves mav bt? ol.aa:,led vo'ith tl1c r:ntirc-
tnt"rtor ot tr111 tlodv 1 T'l'?d Wlllt corroston reslstil11l materi.ar_ HANOWHEEL is t'lP. onosr commuft r.~ns lor ·u:ntmy ~he 'itern on r.,..e
majornv ul pon11~1r smallec vdlves ~w:h os lh• q.nc. u'obe and ~·aphlilgm
Valves aw conm:ctr.cl tO otpc, f•tun{IS or vessel:) by thl!ir hody ends. whict 111<!y ¡ypes. Addrtion.1' opP.rnt,ng torquo "" galn ""'1 qlnbc valvi!$1S olferecl bv
bn flonncd. stre·,.,.ed. ~utt· ur >utkHwcldln9, or hnis~ed ior IIGSI•. V•ctauhc 'hammerblow' or 'irnpa<:t' h:mdwtt~els Wlll(;~l UltY br• :.dhStltutcd for normal
m.pling, etc. Jockoted v•lv<>S oru ,tlsu ovailnhlc-see 6.8.2. hamlwhcr.ls if easlef operotinn b ni'f!d11 fJ bur w1H'!ro l¡caruliJ is unnl!t:l"i':>ary.
t-IAMMER·Ot.OW t-tANOWHEE L
SEAL

In most Mt'rn·or.orawd VíJive~. whl!lhiH the Sl€11l h~u¡ wlnry or linea! mc·.·e--
ment~ pdt;~Hlll ur soc'b are 11:,cf1 hot•NeOfl stcm and huunlll (m tody• 11 h:gh
vacuum or corrosivn, llmunmbln m toxir fhud ls to be haud:efJ, the d~~i: o- tiAM M&R ACTIQN tS PROVIO[Q
hY TWO LUGS CAST ON UNULH
stum may be srored by u lllBtal ~ellows, or IJy H lluxihre d•ophranm (tlle 1ane' SlDC Of HANO'.VH ~f.I.., WH I CI-1 H I Y
ANVI L PROjCC fiN O llC 1 WCCN
¡, lrrmcd 'pac~tess' Cllll&IIUCIJOII) A uaskct ib IIS~d ,~. SC'dl lmtwecn a boltcd
bonnor ann voll·e body
BELLOWS SE'Al. VAL VE

'PACKL.CSS' VA.LVE

CHAl N U~l!liti.Jf i!i I1Sr:d lhi'P.fe d h!tiiiJWhl'l!l '>'•''lUid 1JO OtJI OI U:dtl,, TI USfllm
JS hll~li '.'.'il!l a thaiN.. Iwnl or wrenc11 (1m lrrvN nri'!Jc;l~d VtJiv~) d'li.J lhu luop
of the ehai•¡ 1S llruug!H ~11h10 J 11 11 1 •,•..nrl 1119 11om IPv l. Univur:-al-tnc
chain~·vhcels whid au-acl u~ the lt:Qul¡u l'.lnfl~\lhrcl t:,IVe 1Jt.1HI biJmed fo•
~t:'Cifipr¡rs: in r.orrostve 81fl\OS:Chcn~s l\•here ~~ ti h:qvtll!·v·oPcralcd wa \tl> has
sM.<, the attachrng bol!> hcl'e btl'l1 >no·,•,,-, !O too l. 1ho> pwblem •lucs nr·l
"' ise "ith ;he chaim•.i1o~ t~t rqJaco-s the reyuidt vat..e h;wdw'leel.

GEAR o¡:mfitt3·s \ISCd 'OIOOUCe ll'leopet"aHng IO'IltJI for mana;a opetat 011,
cm:siSrs ot a :lMd'.-.fleet·opetétted goar tra n att ~~~ ng :he vatvtl s.te:u As a

.' .
J !1Jide, !J"'I opennors ~1ou d be nlSlderro lot ,., .•'liS ol the lotl~" oq ~L1!S
'
ili1CI dasses 115. 150, voj 300. 14 oncl ""'' "'11'·
400 .-d 600, 8-u-.:> 1Jl1
larqeo. 900 and 1500. S •nch ene ~">" 2500, 4 inclo and la<qe~
SPUR OllAR OS'CJlATOrt UEVEI.-GEAR OPERATOR geating-thm~n molnr$ nrn couuntHtiY pistuu-arul·f:ytinrll'f rad1al tyoes. 13) A
duubhhll:lmg \fcnn Wll h I11111Wll rnt;uy fliO\'eii'Uilllfl a S-l)l;tw t:iising, ac1uating
the srem dnecrlv l~) S~ueAt~ lVI'" l•efer 10 ·s~uee1e vdll'~'). 3 .1 .2
. 1.3
OUOCK·ACTONG OPERATORS FO~ NON·RDTARY VAl. VES
(Manl•ally·oper&ted vulvesl

Ou~ck·a~liug upwawr~ JO! u:;ct! w11'1 4•111! .-..rul qh;hr valvcs Two S1rn
liiU'o'f!l'lí:nls ilH. t!lllPfl:yC'!I
(ll Rotaünt'} s1rrn. ro'lll!d bv u h!w·r
(1) Sfidirg >1om, 'n whio;h 1111 '"'" os rai~-d llfld fo::eoed by ~eo
OUICK·ACTING LEVERS ON VALVCS

POWERED OPERArORS

l t:t:IU •• :lfl&uma11C 01 hvc1raufic UPt!liHiun is USL'tl (\) W~e1e .: valve is

remole from rhe "'~'" ,.,,.,u•q a•••· lll ff !he re~wed lreQueocy of opera-
11on ••.,.nulrt n(:t:;l unn~.1sonJb u hun·ctn ettort. 13) 1' rclpld operuog ao1/or
clusm:: ut a va1ve s: requued
ELECTA OC MOTOR Tl-r• v.rlvu ''"'" ·• moved bv rtre eleclnc moro•. lhn.
u•duw1g lJ1!3r:i.
SOLENOtO mov hu \1!\f!d w th fdSt-.lctun¡ C'•eck v(llves. aod with on/off va!ves
iultqht·dutv inSlrumcnt;tllOII apol•cat•ons. Steanl U!Hf air whtstlcs lHG' cxwn~lcs ul !h(l U$i,; or si dinl¡·$te:u quii.J;·IJCiiny
opora1oos w11h qlobe vJivr:s.
ELECTRIC MOTOR OPCRATOR PNfVMATIC OPE!RATOR
SEI.ECTING ON/OFF & REGULATONG VAL VES 3.1.3

The suilability of a vntvo lnr ll llnrticulor scrvrcu · ~ql~>eul cd hy 11s umwri~ls ol

lhttd :lli 1N(IIIIIS iiS IIIOCh;u¡it;al dCSÍQil.
COilSUuCiiUil in H!hllll)n lO thll (..OflVI'VCd
Rcfelfmg to tho dnstrip li{JOS in J. 1.2, tht! :acps in sci<!Ctmn ~:~re w choose
( 1) Material{sl ol consrr ucuon. 121 rlrodisc oype. (3) Swnrvpc. (11 Means
oi operauno the s1em lhe 'oucmror· (b) ~o•wot rvpc. {6) Oodv ends
•::eldlll!J1 llauqed. 01<:. (7) P •lwNv w·w. IU) PH~.;o: (U) \1Vr.H;m¡y •>ll!elt(Jrlll·
3nce lo: ~..·e1e cm,c.Ju.ous.
Chart 3 'J ·S a gtude to ~·olvc ~e~cc11on, ;md irul•t::a~us vHives which may be
chos.en lnr 3 given scrv1ro. Th;o charl shou 11-.u n•ad lromlelt to PQhl. F1rst,
dSt:Uil8.fl ~\''11~1'1Ct (1 hquut. !~fl) 01 JlO'o'o'lH!I 1$ 1u ll~ lldl'dl~d by lhr. vnl\t"U. Nt!Xt.
consu!e1 the ndture uf tht• ll~•d--iA-ilUihes 11 1$ loods~uffs or d1045 to be
handled hyr;,ef"uc:HIIy, d~u·•c-ats 1l1a1 ¡ue corrOSilve, or whct~u~ ti~ Hu1d is
substcllltc ly oeutral :ll IWI'•CUfiOSivf.

Next consid@f lhe lunctiOfl ot lhi' \'.)l\1' - t-im¡Jit• npen·OI-tl~t'<IO~JefatJOn

('on/off'). or oegulaling loo ooniHOI o• loo dOSrnQ. 11•'!1! latloos Joclded.U>e
c.'lall _,.,u t.hen •ndtc-&te lypt.>s :rf \'ltlvt~ wh•t:h shuukl ~rlortn sa:•sldCim•tv '"
PNEUMATIC & HVDRAULIC OPERATOAS ,..,V b• used wtle•e llommatole
fhe Ie\fuired service.
""'" ,, rL. v '" f" p:u. no rru,.. r.<• lhu Ir ow.,g lorms lll Cyfinder
w11h 1c -,le·dC.l n"' PISI\.111 dml!n o~ a1r, \'l·'lter. otl, or cth-~r llrnud '>'-.'hich lf ohe pJllflc•llon os avalable, reft•tll'« !hculd Jlsa te made 10 1~• C·ane
t~L1 ~· OCttMtU 1he stcm d rttlh,o. 0) Air motor "r.ich actuatt..>S lht!~-:em lhru Comve"V'S ·chnn~"9 lhe 1q'll vaf•1!'
I.J31
 KEV TO VALVG S CLECTION OUIDE

CHAAT 3,2

(;Afl
8AI1
h;,)lo\IIY
1"1 UG. 11 ) De t•~nine 1YI ,, O~ • r-¡.r.1wyrd 11<111 hq\11(), l)J$ SIJHV, CJI
I)IAf'j.!•A.t; Y 10\Nlk•(
I';U'TIPF I 'T
l'llj(,ljl\lf
12\ Dctcrn• 'IC n<.~ tu~e· ot llt1 d
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l!liTll 111-1., 't.f::'d'"
•0"'"- • S>•bst..,ntt,,ly nc·¡,tf.,¡ flOI untJr~'\Jhly Jr 10 or Jl kal ul•~.
h _IK, C,...ll '-V>{ \Ltt..h iJ~ va•tuu:. tJih, d1 11 1• 11"1 \"''oJl• 1 t1111Qt)Crl, \)~. dll.e:c:.
D ld"f4.. A.t.Y , ...... 10.0 .,.....,. !od.~l
h,I(Dif -.r. v t~~.. r"'- ..,'v, • Co•fO'Sfvt~- ,,,.,;f"-t"'tiV .., . •d. au,. me. or othef'-"iW dl(''fll·
+- ;:ally HUI.I!vt
I.AU -.:.1 -O)Itft.C:S.IVf.' CJS.&"'TI.·~_..
f\~, ,A 0 t "'·' oo•~~vr · -~.,, • 'HytliPnl:" -f"\.Jttvl:th tn,. thf- fOOo1, '1rttg rosrr.ctte or
.......
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aou...-u~o;,.""
Nliflllf¡,'l¡' -~ ~1<:(;11"~\;:. ' )L....., • Sl~or•v SU\PC .. ~' ot told J>O'•Iiclcs 111 d IKJuK: t;dll ,,.,.-e
A( htt
cae.r ......TlC(Iftll' >06$\"1 ~.,..- ,..._.. ~ .tn <41t.~vo· ..H« 1 on ..,,, \'l5, t·lc Non dlu.cs¡ve tJwnt!ll
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c;olh as ..-.OQ'; ''-~''' ~t."'eJ ,,,,~Id P. 'Id!~ met-harnsn5
(JI ~U'fflllllll' Oflf'f;IUfWI
liOUIO JoY(>t~(
('• ou IVI1l•llY
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• ;)nJofl lullv os,..,, ut lully e IOSt"l
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IMIJ- •u"••••' ' Sl'fC14l 015(::1 ,__.lf 'IIAI 1
O·AI'-111'•'~~ SA ' f'iAIJY Ll..,_"ffG 1\foll• t 0-A'foi:'t.\GV 1
• R·-'9lJLIItnl) tN:I~rjlntJ ClO"St• ret.;.lhtiK)O 1throuhny)
tJ•W"M SCiolfllf ~l!'f F\IJI,IfUf tt,¡M 1 (4) LooJ.. ruo ottw-r t.ll' ton .ttfr. tll)tJ ch<a -·~
h~ll .Hif( ll(llll!:ll( 1\llll'
• Prl-'5~11t.•o~rw.t h_.,.,,,,._:tJhl'~·uf UIIV\."VCU rfuiU
"'TAft'r f_lo¡.¡, "''"'~10-.,. ..u·.=.,~-~.::.~.~-~,7,~.""=---­ 'ít,.,.,
tutll·••l" "'•"'•siO~ •t.~ s~ D'k • t.-:.Jl E~r stA1 • \.'"l'md tll <'l•t-!'f<1t 'IQ UJtl\1 l+t 1M» '"9 cmw
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A.R.lSIC"• "'f$1S"'lo.' f :.IN, h G
lLIItf<AttO .., ~ • Cme
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ClN!'AAI. SlJi l • Av;uf,¡hiltiV
SLUIUY
t~-'._7~~~~;:~ t~~~:O,I-0'• 111: :01~1 OISC. R!'.i'LI!M '->lA ' • Sr·~ c;tl lll">t
llnf'S
j •• th(l'l l •fC-ll ' i ! ' SI•\." llj
W•·I.Jitt:l h··,U .,.,.,11 Wl
wdding •:d l ..·fl1 into
oo'f~~"•'"' dhturt Hte b nd y
IW~~Ul ~b~~ and ~-¡ff,•: t thn .,.."IJnr¡ ul ~·.,.,.u vl):vt:o:;.
jo'\,.,lf Sll-lt!lf ~fAr .'IIO:'CHHl DI$<:
Ull. l l :ii'IGU SéJI T. 0:~ i,;,~,;.cx;;,;,.:;:;O;,os.:~-:-;,;:c";;c;;"~';"O;rl
l 18fiVIJ~ (IN.'Ofl A fliA.Pt~AA~O~ NO ~( 1; 15<:;
MJl;fiiN,;II)~'• fi( (,IIIJil•t,.-, WiJllll ~O'IIl
~-----lr------------r----------~·~··~<~•c_ ____, •••.,_______________________,
ü ft.H 'IIOr. E
01 O"'f +.e:......,,.,.,, .., n, •.¡ t~rv11• n,•.,
l)!i-\11. fiO I Al-l'I'IIAio.L "'IOt.l
PlU(i -'ONF j¡,t,....,,,,.¡,¡, f u• tt•...,
""'""'"!
l lftlhlAt n•AI'HAA{.M "<IN( 1\ln ii;"UIIIt '"' >~t+"' w<Y«I
11\111 t.HA 'J f' 1rj UlUIU. 'iOM '
l\l f'HI\1" 'VOI\l 1~11 1~ ,.., O'llv'
tr.r• n••• LV
IJilol''"iHAI•M
NOI\l
NO"'f IIJ•n•¡ov\;lr 1 \1' 1' «1"''1C"\'>tlll
t'lUF S•tor.t 1 &V• '~
;
l4V1T LI•' l V AN ~I C.ORII OS•Vl'
GAS II OTA!I'r IIAII
\}IANI IIf\(l lo'r
o\lo TIQO•ciiOSI\If '
•\ Ntl OORIIU~I\'t '
t;IIIIA~ ··',I VI IILUG 4.to 1'1 CORH~~'V r •
•AC:•P \ ' APQI't'.i,
f1 11 1)/tiN( f•l --+c.0u00111
t 7tc
t¡ ¡
uc,.c,c,:--t-,A,._.n (QkliO$ \1( •
AIHI (.;lo!lll(jlj•Vl-' •CSS."''
l'lriiJI ATI~I¡
~~otLULl II.'J. I CORHOS.\•f ' .l~,..,..c n"""' ~'•'
O IA.ri. IIAt,~• A'ITI {0((/IQS'Vl '

OA.H lllll(lt.\:'>Sf-"-1
\'AeiJUM ~-~ u•• IAOiil.
~ I A.A ...... t i
O•t,OI4ftAC;\I"' .Uú.Oo'tS tf :. t
lot'o0.1f
ll.•rfiAf¡Y IIIU!LIH•1 :OLA'
A.l.t.r,-y¡
1'01. :.. ,, fi .. OII 5
.. fGth A1 ~o¡c;
, "'·-"
5avlltl
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•CH•l "'.t..Sf_.o\'
J"lt.A l ~~ 1 V MAL SOC~ lloQ,.,I

SOLIO l•JIJIC t.A'•'.-,¡

"'·"->~"
,;,lltAI'ttltf
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111 .t;lAI "•.
~ ··~
(.o\'t
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'i!fO(..t r y- •1

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f(l,.lf'A.,li(Al

• _......,,,_. ,.,.,., .. _ _ _ _ 11'to_..,. . . . . . . . . . _O.._JOito40,.•••10o;.o~o-A ...... ..,..-4

. . . . _ .. -----~.... 11... _ . . _ ..
11 ............... _ .... - - · - . -... - ... _.. .......... . . - ........ _..., ........- ... - - -
........ ~ ""'•' .. _....., •• · - ,., __..... ..__'~""'""'t;''C"~_.,..,.,.,..._,
VAL VES MAINLY FOR ON/OFF SER VICE
lu Ull.lustrial p1ping, on/of! cuutrul or How ~~ rnn~t curn·Honly eflected with
qJttl v:!lves. Most types of lf.Jte valve utt! un$1.Hallle tor requleting: etcsion
ot t~e sear and disc occu1~ "' t~ th1onl•n9 oosr•ron due 10 vib1aticn ot lh"
dosc nrnueung''). Wolh 50018 flurds, ol W<f'{ be CllSIIable lO USI! globe.a·'es
tu1 (llioff :scrvoee. as rhey offe• 1oe¡h1e< ciOSUie. Ho-.'.'!WI, as :he puncro<>'
function ol ctobe v.Jtves is 1~b~ on. t'H!V are di'$Crtbcd .n 3.1.5.
SOLIO WEDGE GATE VAL VE nas erll•oo a sulo~ cr llexi:olewedgedis¡: In
oddillon 10 on/off servrce. t~ese volves con be usod loo 10guraling, usually
111 si1es 6·inch and largar, but woll choner unless d:sc s tully yurded thwugh·
ou t tnwél. Suiteble for most rltllds Ulcltldlll~ stoarn, water. oil, au and 4as.
Tho ltexible wedge was devulopud 10 uvnn:orun sti1;kino on cooliog in hiyh·
remperature serv;ce. aqc! te rrunimllll upcral in¡~ 1urqd,!. Thí! flmc.ihln \\'r.rlgn
1s nct lllustrated-it can be likenetl tu tw!.l whcob ~J(!t o<~ a vf!ry st•un axl1~.
SOLIO WEOGE GATE VAL VE
r
' .
~~-~:;)
DOUBLE-DISC PARAlLEl.SEATS GATE VAL VE ~"s tw~ pa1ak:t tliscs
~ll:h ;ur. fotted. Ofl CIOSI.ne. d\.J. ~1 J).l1_, 1 ~ S siS by ,. 'wrcadr.r' lJsed fUI
IQUI(jS Md gases al normó'll 'llf"l:ll rature.. U11 ¡u¡table lor légUiatiOfl 1o
FPlP1"11 ,ammtng. tns:allat m· 1:s ust.alty vruu iJ w-t~ hafl&,\heel t,;p.
DOUBLE-OISC (SPLJT-WEDGEIWEDGE GATE VALVE Orsr.s Wl)C4E againSI
uu:hnrd seats wnhout use of a spred~UI, Ren·a1ks tm douLle-d:sc para"el
sea1s gaJe vulve <.:pply, bo1 smailcr valvas O'C mude 101 stearr scrv,cc. Oftr.n.
cunstmcuon allows lhe chscs 10 ruta1c. thStllhuw''l wt!.dr.
SINGLE·DISC SINGLE-SEAT GATE VAL VE, or SLIDE VALVE, 1S usoo
for tumtlling popcr ¡w!p $lurry <1nd uHwr rihu111~ susp(!n$ions. anrl lr)r hl'.'.'
nrcssure gast"S. V'l'dl ool lunct1on properlv w1th iufluw 01 11m sr.:11 sidn.
Su·rahle fo1 regulaliiiiJ tlo•N ir rn~'ll ~~lu-:uw 1:0. nur r~r)hirr.d.
3. 1.4 SINGLE·OISC PARALLEL.SEATS GATE VALVE Unhkt• th• srnnlesea l
sluln v.1l11t!, this vaiVf' 1 lfocds c!osure '•'·Hh 11o.... 1n entn:t d1roct10n Sttcsses
oo stem ~nd bonMr ~He 1owe1 th;::r) v.·nll wm!gc-gíltc vili\'CS Pr.morily used 3 .1.4
.1.5
lor '11""' hy~rQt"Dons ond l)aSeS
SINGLE 01$C PARALLEL PLUGG.AH VAl..V(
SEAT$ OATE VALVE
-· : ~
' '
PLUG GATE VALVE l~ · "·atve ~;so t Q:,;nd tapc:ed Ol$C ..-.•11t:11 ru_w,_:s up
hlo!J thJ','ol "S1.11.1h lot 1hfoHI•ng :nd lull tlt;\'v w·. lt1: nnly DviliiJhle m
11·11 .w aliN ~~n~.
PLUG VALVE MechanrsH is shcv.n rn chan ~ 1, bol illa drsc rnav be cvh,d·
uc us wull a~ 1npP.rr.d. Advaor.agcs a1e cnmpactncss, <1nd rntruy 90·1'10Qff'l! Sll~fTl
movornom. 1 he lnpnrr,d rtug tends 10 ¡am and le!lulrus a high
lOn¡uo lhis ic; uvorcome to scune: oxtont bv the usH uf a lcJw llic:ti~Jn (!CIIon,
opernlln~
etc.) SllOI, or hv IHiuir.nrinn (wirh the drowbock 1ha1 1hn cnnvnynd !luir! is
COnldiiiUUHcd) The irlctiOfl p!Ol>lt!!H is O:SII rnl!l hy riiiJI:!I.ll1i5rn$ lOisir.g 1hf!
tibe ft<PII th1~ se.11 tcfore rotatit1g ;t. u1 bv usip,,~ thc 'occcr~trrt:' dc-sign
lsr.c rotory·!:l.tl val'.•e). J•rintipal ust:s are br '.'.'alm. oib, slurrtr.s. rtntl g01s.r.s.
LINE BLINO VALVE Thrs os a p~r;,.,e shmol! lleY•cewllKI1 b&S•ca,ly con~sts
ol ILinCJI!d ossembly s.ndw"=11in~ 3 "'JCCtar:h>~lato Ol bhoc. Thrs vall... is
W...:nb.!O dlld co.oprurd wr;~ other ciOS>Jies on 2 7.1.
3.1.5
VALVESMAINLY FOR REGULATING SERVICE
GL06E VAL VE, STRAIGHT & ANGLE TYPE ThC:o.laoc t!oe ''3lvCS I'IOSt
l. sed tor ref)ulatlng. r Of hne sites over 6·inch. choice uf a wWm fOT flnw cnn-
1101 loods lo oo 10 sur rabie gate 01 ~uuerl ly '.'alvc>s. 1 m "'0'"
'""';l;;r.Hu y
.:iCrvktJ1 thc rhrcctmn o1 tlow thru valve recctT'Imcnded by lr'arHddcturcrs is
l1nru ~ 11 :1u tll :iP..i:t, w assrst closUJe ami tu prt:vuut Um d•s:t: t:h:n wr 1111-1 oJ~iinst
thu ~BH I Ul lhtl lhtottlinn !lOSrtiOfL rtow shuuuJ b<! lroll' 'SIJUI 1u stemsilfe
( 11 il Uroro rs o lmllud piúsr.nll!d by lhc disc dr·10chrn9 ltorn tho s1om lhus
dosino thc v;,tlve, 01 (2) il d curnposition disc is usud. ns thrs 1IHttCIIOO of llow
thi)O oives l~s wear
 ANGLE VAL VE Tlus 1s a qlube valva w1th !mdy omls nt nqln Jll~les. savmg NEEDlE Vl\l VE •s a small valva usM lar llow control lnr tlusinu ""'f
tho .Jso ol " 90-dogroo elb:~w Howavr.r. tho ,mqles ul popim¡ a1c o ften sub¡ecl lmtud$ and q.1so~ . AI!SIS1Mcc to tlow ts prec1sely cont,crell by ,J liJI.itl'il!ly
1(1 luahe1 stn•ssc·s tlmn ~1r~ugw 1uns. \lvh ll:ll llilSl hn tf:nsu1r•cd w· th 1b1s 13rge sea1 -.1 10a <!ntl 1'11! ad¡ustmun1 aHouied bv hne threadtnq uf ti o ~!c.·n.
tvoe r.t v.11lve.
N FEDlf! V Al V[
ClOOE VAL VES

REGULAR·OISC GLOSE VAL VE: Unsui la!Jie for clu:;.e u.'gulatio" as dísc
dfld lJedl have narrow (almos¡ line) cuntd-tl SOU EEZE VA l VE •• ..,¡11 SUited lo regulatullj the llow •JI rfollir.ull !io111d~
PlUG TYPE OISC GlOBE VAlVE Used lor SI'VPIP roguf,ltmg "'""a' ,•,ót't slurncs and PO\'o1.1CfS. M3)1;1Mum ctOSUf'! 1$ aboutSO'ft.. o,•,- tlcll &;mil$ thtt '"''9!
gtiny !iquids, suth as boilor feedwate•. aod lor blov. oll :.«vice. Les:> subject o1 f'e!Jllahon. ur.less the V'dlldlton ol this ¡yae of •¡¡wc wtth a cen1raf
lo we 1t uodet clase regulatior. lhiWl ihlt rug¡Jiar·se.1tt!d va'vf!. core ISI'atl os ~. offeton9 lul! Closure.
\VYE-800Y GLOSE VALVE has in--line ptliiS .tnd S!l!ITI I:'IICI'!JIIl!;J dt <tbOUI PINCH VAl VE Al>Usuitod lu reguLllir<¡ llmv ol difficnlilrQOHdS. Slurllfl$ and
4~ deqrllt!s. lience lhe 'Y'. Pre!cued for e11>síve lluo<ls tbe 10 smoolher flow powders. Complete closu1e IS pus; oble but tends tu rapidywl!.1r the l~xoblc
pattern. · ut'x!. unle~ of 'f"" :¡;¡1 rtes1;n.
WV( OOOV GLOBE VAL VE llnc.orporaung co mpositmn d liC)
VAl VES FOR BOTH REGULATING & ON/OFF SERVICE 3. 1.6

ROTARY·BAll VALVC Adv•ntagr.s ore tuw op•ratong t<orque. ovodabollty

U) la1q0 Slte$, COmpí:tCIU(!SS, IOit:HY 90 ·dtiJH'~ S l~ln lllüVI'II'I(!nl, ¿¡nll 'i11 hu(}'
replaceabtlity ol oll wearmg ¡wts in some des•gns. Possibludosodvamoqes ore
¡hat lhnd rs tror¡n'd w11hrn thu bodv (ond wilhin tlru dos; on closnle). notl
1h<J1 r.nmp1~~.~1in n hu wn;:r 1s uHcclrrl only hy resilinnl ll:ill i~frtl ln l nd lhe
s~ ~s rhH la1 ttH pluiliL•tn ~ .,vu1t.l'tHJ m ti .~: s.!1¡gle-see::1 ·occeo:rte' ,.uls.tof'1, ~.,·h·ch
h~ the hall slogh:lv ufl"'ll so that 1 p:esses inlo ltk '""· on e mwe.
Principal t!!.l$ a1r. ltu w.ttt~r. oits. ~·urries. gases and vacuum V;,lwP. rs av-ae!able
\\oithC:I hdll tt!VIflq a sl1aped aorl forregulalion_
R O TARY GAt.-L VALVE
COMPOSITION·DISC GlOSE VAlVE Sutlable lor IXkltse regula! ion IWld
llghl ht,Jtnff. Aep'a<:eg~le ~,;omposttioll disc con~nucuon 1$ $1mclar to tt¡;:n of
a tautet. Gr•t ""''' ir11hcd 1n the sort d•sc preo..·enttnq ~'·lt dJmi)Jc and rn~uriog
gooJ CIU>U I~. Clo"" leyulatorog will fdp•dly namngt' rho SClll.
OOUBLE·OI SC GLOBE VALVE leutu 1es two d•scS lW.HifliJ l)ll :i.cp:nille seá iS
spaced apat t on a smglc shah, whic:h l1ees thl.l up(!ratm lltlltl '-:lt'í!!l."'iC:i SIH up lt~'
the COnveyed rtuuJ ¡_¡rcSS!flg UHO lhc vdlva. PllflciJ)IU 1~ USO<J nn <:ontrol Vül\'e3
and pn,~~ilfO regufators 1m lill!am ;md uthl!l Qíl~~~. Tighl ~1-u lúlt :s 11ut
t'rl:tUfl !d

136 r
BU TTERFlV VAl VE oi iOIS lile atlv•ntages of rotary stem movemcnl (90
dey1ees or les$). com~actna~. an~ abscncc of pock~ting. 11 is ; vailahlr' in
ell si<C~. ""d ce11 be p1oduccd In chcm,cai iCSIStanl and hvg,cmr. lorrn$.
Thn volvcs arr tl~ud fo1 OíiSl.~. lic¡uids, shmius. puwde1s a11d vacuum. lh e
H$11ill rr.$.iltt:nt p l a~llr. sn<U has a 1nmp m aturf~ li'llilatiou, but tight c!osure at
high tempfHJIIses is avnih;b1o witl a vo1siou hdving a metal rrog seaf around
1110 cllsc. 11 IIH vaivc i¡ flanqr:d, il may be ~eld between IJar.ges o~ any tv~e.
Slip·on and scrcwed l!a11gos do nu~ lorm a vrooer sm1 ,•,~111 sume •..vatc1
forms ol the valvn. 1n ·:,hcl· the 1esd1ent seat 1s extended to serve also as
111\e gaskelt.
O.UTTC~PLY \1.\LVE
twat.. tvlMI
VAlVES FOR Cfi EC KING BACKFlOW
All volves in ti is c:m:gorv nm dusig_nm! tu ptmnit llnw uf lit¡uid us_g3s io onu
duectton UUd CIO$'t if fiOW rflvt:rscs.
SWING CHECK VAlVE lhe 10;¡ular swing check v~lve 1s not su,tablo il ¡ho w
is frequent flow reve•sal as poundlno and weanng of ó1sc occurs. For gritrv
hqUidS a composnlon dlsc ls adv,sable lo reduce domooe to the seot May be
mounted venlcally w1th flow upwo•d. or hori1onwlly. Vertically mo11nlnrl
valve has a 1endoncy to remain r¡¡¡on if 1hc strn<m vefocity changcs sluwfv.
/In oplional le,er ond outsi~u wn1gh1 111ay he ofle1ed ei1her 10 assisl C'osir1g
c11 10 r.ounlelbllnntu lhO d1·;c '" 1>011. an~ allow opcn.ng by low nrc:¡surr. flu1d.
SWINO CHECK VALVES
0Ul<10!(111 l_O"bl t Wc l qh l
'Of \Wino¡ (_hto~k ..a;:-.e
Tfl TING OISC VALVE Suotab'e whefe li~quent flou reve1sa. cttun. VaM!
closm ropidly woth bener closu1e and lest sl..-um,~ than the s..:ng chec•
""'""· ,v•uch ¡· •omt.·IIW 1ewmbles 11 ha$ hlfJhel press•!le a•op wnh large
flo"' ve!oclllt-s onn 1owe1 PIUSSiuu drop wnh small veloc,lies 1hau a corn~a1·
ahlú swmy·d!u(:k v:tlvn ~.'ny ho IIISttlllt¡d V•Ht•colly wnh llow upward, 01
hoJizontallv. Oist lllt)\'t)ln(:n1 c:au hu <:unlrolled hy cm i11tngml tjnshpol 01
snubbe1.
3 .1.5
.1.7
LIFT.CHECK VAl VE rf:<Prnblcs lh8 PIS\OO·Check v&lve. lhe d1st IS gu1ded,
hui tt'fl drts:hpm loauuc 1s ohscm Spr•ngi<.Mdr.:d tvoc:> can npurate al any
orieniHtiun, bu1 un$f)lung valvt!S hove 10 be auanged so thett the d1sc wtll
closo by gravnv. Comr.o~IIIOO·dlst v•lves die av-•1i¡iL!~ lor 911tty iiQuid~
PISTON.CHECK VALVE Súlldble .,,1te<e llequ•nl tl>dl>gt! ol direc11on Ol
flow occurs .s 1hese vdlves ore múth less Sllbje<l lo pounding ,_;,h pulsa1ong
flow tlue to the .ntl'giJI dosll·pOl. Sprong-luiCied fypi.!S can opera le a; ony
onent•uoo. Unsprur<¡ valves h<I\·P. 10 be one<1tated fo1 91...,1\y closare. Not
SUitabie 101 gr-tty fiquids
STOP CH ECK VA L V E
PI$TON.CH(CK VA LVt
3.1 .1
STOP-eH EcK VAl ve Pt~ncip~l nxamplo of uso ls '" stc~m oanerotion by
mul tiplnllo1lers, whorc o volvo IS •n~C!fiOd b('twcon coch boi!cr ond the m1in
Sleam header. Basicully,a chm.J:. valv~ tfM1 u¡nionatly can bo kupt closcd auto·
m:uir.ally nr ru:muJIIV.
BALL-CHECK VAL V E 1$ t:UIIdb!e 101 IIUJS1 Strv•CBs. The vaiV¡j Ct!ll hi:lnd:e
gosns, vap01s and hqilldS. 10tlud1ny lhuse lurrni1•4 gummv doPOSIIS. Tf·e b•ll
i.COIS hy gruvnv and/or back pre~S<Jre. '" d " I1«JIU rotale. wflir.h dis111bu1es
\\~·ar !'l.nd ·ds '" ~ecping contactu"4) su•fates c'wn
l'o'AFER CHECK VAl VE efl ?1:1~ ciOllire by tv.n WllliCircufa¡ 'doors'. both
h nged to a ttl'tral pos1 '" 1 ronp 5h.Jred ~or.v wflith is .ns~llcd bctwr!en
íiMges Freqoc'11lly U>lld lm non louhno hquod>, os it is tllfl!pac: and ot
te .•ui....r.ly I..Jw os1 A single d& lvu•• i" al:sn 1\'.!llilbh?.
FOOT VALVE Typocal use !S lO MalnlaiO a llead of \\aler on !he SUCIIOO
;ide ola ~.omp p<omp. Thi• var.e 11 b.Jgculfv a •lt-chec< var.e ,.•m a stramer
ÍRIL"CiateO
1371
VALVES FOASWITCHINO FLOW
MULTIPORT VA LVE Used Wgely on hyarauhc ond J)r.eumauc control cir
curts and somet•mes used duectly 111 process PIPio~. these valves have rowry
bol! or plugtvoo d1scs w•th ooc or moro pom orraoged to sw,tcn flow
OIVERTING VAL VE 1WO lVI,US ul 'd•VC<lH1Q va 1ve dre ~lóde. 8oth SWitCh
llow lrom a hnt u'ltC one o; 1wa cwtlets. One 1vpe 1Sor '~'~Ve oaa ern Vvlt~ n
h1n~tl d1SC al !he ¡t~nr.ruJn tMnc, closr.~ or1f! uf 1~e ~wo owtlets. and ¡o;; usr.d
to h.:Jndle po"'d~rs ar<l W ll!< sohrls. fl•e second type hao di~ I•Q"'d cnly, aod
:'lile; no rnn'"'"!l piltt\ flow n ~w)tcMed ttv :..·..o p!"leumauc control 1.,...., lt ~
;l'w'Jil:tb " ,-,¡ tri 6-it'1t:tl
VALVES FOR OISCHARGING 3.1.9
Thest! y¡ \'1 allll"N rt!ll "J'WI IIIJ el trom \'-.1t•un a ruptng ~wn euh€r 10
auno"SUI•t·e. lu a c)¡un. 01 lO ~muthr p 0101;1 SV$tcm or '-'eSSC ct ~ luwer
pres>u•e. OperatJCm .s ohen automauc Relte! and salcty ~··.-rs. stea·n 114s.
and rup¡ure d1stS ate •nctuded rn th.s scctmn. Ptcssuu~Ji!lll!YU'!q vah-es are
OJS<J;JI'v ''"""1
loacrd. as !hose wor,ct1 by 1'VIlr and weor;n c.r be E3S !y
rcncc·fd tnopCJallvr bv pcrs.omw ThC! li1s1 ll··ce v.:~t ...~ ace opera1cd bV
~y~H!''' ptt."'.OSUIU. ;snd ar~ UN.! y 1~1uur11ed d1tettty onto the Chplr:g 1r '.·::::sst."l
tu be prulcctud. 1r1 a \•n 1rtal. upuqhl pu~110n. He1er 10 the gove tf!lng coGe
for the •PPiicatlon ot ti' ese valves. rnclud1n~ the nerd onr an cxfcrnal lllling
~cv1cc !handluv•r, e,..},
~
SAF ETY VALVE fl rdpld·oPen'n'J (popp1ng aw onl tull t.nw valve lor n"
and othe1 oases.
RE LIE F VALVE 1nlendeG lO rrltO\'C nxcnss: pwssurr; 111 lirnuds. 111 SliU:·HII:IIS
whorc r 1ll llow dtschorgo is no1 U!QlJiru<.l. whon r f!l~aSC! t>f a small volunc ot
liouid wuuld rOtJtdly h'lwOI ¡>r(:-c;;sum Mcwntm(t i~ s~wwu1n flnurc 6.4
SAFETV VAL V E RE I.1 6F VAl. VE
SAFETY-RELIEF VAL VE Ro C'mi ex~ pres<ure o! euher r¡as or liquid
wlloch ,.y "'dd•.,tv 11M!Iop ' Y3pur ph<JSe du• to :apod .-.d unconorulled
rt~:ctho:,J hvcn chcm _..:. r~JCII .1 rnlu,~tnd ladcn ,~Js. Hi:l~C • 1 ) ' ~ tre G..:
3.1 .8 BALL FLOA'r VAL VE ThnSt• A•IIU'IIIIIir. v.IIV\1$ flll! u::cd: (1 ) fls aif traps
c. o 1C'lHwt~ Wd 1u1 1 uu .¡ir W~l Plll~. 17) Tn rt•muvu d'' 1rum h1:tm 1 \"¡W?ro-s
and at l a~ \'dCUUII ' ~HIJ¡.,ur ~ m lul•r~lhur v. 11vn~. (3t Tn r ;•r.Jrnl lu¡uul :evel
in IO'lkS rhey rlf l;! fi UI llll~otJc!J 11 rt'IIIU\Il' ClliHif~ns-:hl
BALL f LOAT VALVf OLOWOJ:'F VA~VE
(Fcw t 1tS t UM •1.10••1
"CIO_,I O R l PL F..G
WAfi"R
NIUA~CO
BLOWOFF VAL VE A v;mcly ot gtobu val\"' cnnlmmmq •.•:uh boih~1 corte
requtren•cots atld es;n."': ctllv dt!::il~ll!d tc.u tm~b bh.iwtltl s.,.trvtm, SnrTli!Hmes
su= tcble a~u tOJ b!OY"'dnwn scrv•w. 1Nyn p~Htlrn 11nd ar"~glo fVllf!S ohm usr.d.
Jscd ro u.:1nuvu dll aud ot!"ter ya\liCl ru-11 bude•s. etc. MdllUdlly·operated.
F LUSH·BOnOM TANK VAL VE U¡,¡¡lll• ó fl i L>~I 1y~e. ~ CSÍ I) IIed 10 rn1ne
mi1e pocketll"'l!). p1lrnarilv lo• convor ,ontty dl$<,:l !/1l ~tnq ,quuJ hont the low
potnt of a t..u•t
FLUSH..a()'rtOM f ANK VAlVIi:: <GL0$E TVPtl
= ..=--
RUPTURE OtSC A ~fetv devll;(! &!t!).t~ned tu Lurst '~1.1 u~rra1n excess pressure
and fap;drv dtSC:ht.H~ 9dS Of httUid ffucr¡ a S'ySii!lfl. Us.~nlly fi'U:h! in fht' fatfll
ola replaceoole metal dosc ~eld betwet'llllonr¡es O.sc m•v
also be ol9rapln11'
m . lm ltu-.'L'SI burst Tt!J ptt~•cs. pt&JSliC l1hn
SAMPLlNG VAL VE A v;,l·-e. usu!lHy ol roxdtc ol g obe Qa:tern p'dct'd rn a
\Jianch line lor the ll\l<pose al drawrng oll '"'"Pes of p1oc"" lllé'eualotoru
tiro aranctl. Sampluu¡ from '"'Y lugh pr_,rohn!'> IS best dooo• thru a d01ohlo
vaJ..'ell coi~Wno vessel. A coolrng ·llfangl'f'•fll1 rroay be ~llar samplíng
f IOfn h~l··lel:"ilJt~3lUfC lt~
TR AP A1 .!IIFII'lkii(: '/dh·P l·u SCH l;MA TIC flOA A CONTROL VALVE ARRANGEME NT FIGURE 3.4
.1.8
;¡- ·~1 j 'Id.. '<';Ji!)•~t!Ji 1'''
3 .1.11
CON' ROL
SIG~A l
r-----~
~
A LITOWAriC
CO'<,!lA.Oll[R
INV[An :o BUCKET TRAP ¡Mol« hJ Sf(,,NAt
c.natt S.l) 1

- r......__ .''
!
'
OP'íRATOlt '
'"TLA..., Af'\10
t:O ...,. t:JLI"li-1\ 1 C
f ~01 .• D~ l~ l..lO
•'l'1:-''-1 J
• CIISC!-iA JlG.f
Pt.~IOO I C
CO"'ITAOL VALVE SfNSIII.Q LLEM I NT

0 1 t:ONOENSA TC

UNCLASSI FIEO VAL VES & TE RMS 3 .1. 1 1

CONTROL VAL VES & PRESSUR E REGULATOrtS 3. 1:10
•N t'l lt;w O•CPptlnns, lhi· li!lh~w ng <HU !111' ~.{JI'I.Iai i/J!\'n IVIH!~ ¡j¡ffprnru fr:rrn
CONT ROL VALVES ti·QSI· pfi!VUII:Shl di\.tus:J-tJ, l.!tJ I dre H:ll'l> t.:WU tu dPS~;r h1• v.IIVI'S Lv \l•tv¡ce
COfl• ·r· ~·,, ·.·~ au\cMat•ca! 1·¡ rpgo~a·u p·~ 1r.:t ¡nd/or flo·.-; rote. en d .J'e a-va 1 r· f:mctll'rl
1tJc fnr flf1'.,: í1~essu:!! 11dU~rlrl' p ~~n $',"$tLif"l$ aptrotte LP :c. aru.! ot p·~~llrel BARSTOCK VAL VE Any v.tvc hól\'il:y tt ~ody •n..:hmoo t1um SO~~ lntl!d
fL'I'TJ;Jt!.:~~..:re oo·utir ..:tu:n~: lho: r!'.ton•e CliAS JOO ... :heS'. so~ne~ ~s f,·,.,ele
(bar>loct ). Usmllv """'~ no q.!lhe rype.
thC á:sr:¡rt p;rn-ts), (!, 1 t1n1·c \'et'o$C~O)Crw. ~ C ~ J{)O fcr nte:C!\aOI)e-
8188 A ~n 11 v '"-u ~\11!l tutned-dov~n f"_'ld, ~e a taucc1
i~ 111•,. lie<Vr.c·. ol none Cl ;M S~'SL."m$ e•t~l!s lile ra:nli)S 'or C ass 15Q
va''le\. 1h•$ IS ro~ nec~r-1 The t on:rol ""a\rr es u$ J 1t ct·nse1 Hl t.e S'113 er
BLEEO VALve Small valvl> pro-,odi!d tor dra.-.nc¡ oll 1••id
·h.11 ui'W' ~,¡e tn .rwnic 1!n:t:thflt; ~rd f'::J'1trn J1:01 rap 1 l~ar nf 1bc o;m~ BLOCK VAL VE lln un/otf valve, near;y aiWJ'fl' a galr ""lli1!, plocc~ 1n hr.rs ~~
IJdUt.Uy lirnib.
C11nt~r pitll!'rn •..-alv~ ar ~ IHnwJII·,· ,,5-o...,, f or 1;ord rni, a·u1 l'l• it muJs .ilTC usua:lly
f;J LOWDOWN VAl. VE lJs~oallv rnfr.:s Hl a pluq·l ~•f:.C 1l <>r r¡ tl:l' v.) •:o use!'!
llat••lfd 101 Puse ol rnamlr.n.illr:e Th·· ;j¡:;,; is lll)~·t.::IIJy H l1ydr;uhc. pneumot1c,
~huJqu ;uu! s.;:¡!•melllar.,. ' 11 3 1l~1 l11 1r lh! L1 111:11 ul 1 n!ltr
fm rfii1IOVII1!1
I•:·CII Ital or MP.C~anir:al opem1111
l)rum$, vcsscls, d np l c-u~. {·te.
f ¡qu•t- 3 'l ~iiO\·.•s scñenwl!cally llnw n COIHiflf vnlv•t rnn Lu dS!!d tu tonuol 8REA1'H ER VAl..V E A sprt:li'l! S!!i l·aCl!lll_l ..·a!vu III!.Mih:d 111 Ml:!flllll lilnl:.~.
1a1c ol flov.• 1fl n line. Flo·:.• ,,,·p
;s rul.lil:d IU thu uw~u ~l~ !lTOIJ <~CrosS the oH: .. w rui i~!S(! vauur 01 qHS oo s~l (i ! lt nc10a ~ ul :nl el !liJI ¡Jre'SSulf'l 1111 ltt·
'->rnsiiHJ r.lrMenl' (nn onh;e plalr. :n 1h!:.. ~~~~lUfiCO see: 6. /.!JL 1he conuoiiP.r' ruqion or Y1 !U 3 nunceo:; pt!r sq:.J?.re !IIth)
rccmvos thP rw~sswP sinnJb. cmr~~wrcs u ·,QHI wl ll ct1c prPss·.m~ 1r<Jp lor the BYPASS VALVE 1\(ly y:,l..'l1 fHlce~ in a hyr¡;JSS rn .lnlj l'fl lll!lUn:l nnOJh(~r
.lt•s;rt.'d rlow ::r.d, if tne a':tual flo·.·· 1s dlfh~rent. n•1¡usls ll'f! :nn·· ·:ll va1v: l:J val\'f' or t•t¡ tipMI'nt "t!~í' 6 1.3 unrfrr ·11 rtnw: ·~ n 1 P&IO 'uud l 1:~u't'S
im:re.~;;.:· or dúcrfl;;SC the flow.
6 6 Uoru 6 11
FfGU¡::fE
Ct:m¡uratale ~r ra""~cnent1 ;u hi.Jllfe J t1 c~n be Jevl$eC lO con~r~ ;:ny OIAPHRAGM VAL VE E)C;)nlp:~
Gf ¡n¡r: dia:~tT.Mjn' 't'<JI-..~. V\l.,_[!f'U tM J¡¡.
o' n.nr.etútr$ p~oc.ess va·,:b~es-te1lper~~l1.lte. :lf(ISS,u·e, 11!".~1 and llow rate 3.4
Ph'dll'" closesolllh, ""••· ""' sh'l': m n mn: 3. 1. TI-ese for.ns ot d aphrw¡m
11r. •N· m)$; ccm.-non crmtro' ed "'u~o~hlus. v..5fve ¡tepoe>ul lm r911u at•ny rhe lluw ut slur~ es and corr~rwe lhuds iV~tl 'nr
(tJr:Uo vct .'!;'S ·nrt.~ t:e- sett opr.~atinl). ilnd 1101 1ccuue t 1te a:Jd tion of a
~um Tlle 1erm 'd1aphra¡m ,alve' is also avp '<:d lo v;~~.-cs ,,t.ch h "e •
1i"'f•~PII¡ 11 ~.ti lM'···••'~~~U st:-tr dntJ bodv. bú: 1'lUW :arr bt:ller 'rft•Hed ~u :r.;
ton:co: P.r. sens "9 elerrr.m, •~te Pu!'lium ltt~Yio1!11S a·~ a ccmmofl e.(amplr.
~.hí11JI1r DIPl sr:.tl' o 1 'p& l- ·~oss· ~·dlves-see 3 1.?. 1rnl•1 •s,_,-al'
ol ;his t"PI! of va 1vC. ¡nJ l'l.,rt :J. l 1:-I·O'N$ ¡•,~ p11nc•:¡lrs o' 0nr.r.1-:ion of a
pn!SSI. Tfl r-pgu!atJH O RAIN V AL VE A •:,~11/C JSerl 10 1 ·he fllll:li)Sr. 1~f 1nt 'IIPI¡ lllltdlh !IH'14 1 ae
o; ·.. csscl S!M..'Ctulu of a d~<;•n ve· ...e. and l'le methco 1" ;t l~¡t('.,mrun . 1s
PR ESSUAE REGULATOR C:lll tllll \'JIVO ul ;lo~t: lype •:.-l"+iCh GC¡USiS :nl ltl(lr'!C('r1 l)\• lhO uOdl'$1f;;ltllllly nl pocket•ng lhe HliiH•fi~tl tJCWII Of<!tlled
d::wmstrearn pres;.;um ol liquid u 1 ~..1$ (:IICiullillll s;ei).1t 0 1 vapors) 10 a ! owe· lhi::. '\ ullfJUI IUIII wi~h ~!unit:>:i. aml !H.¡u ,ds whllh ~10 sul;¡(:ICI 111 0 ) Snlidtfi·
tlr.~irerl Villuu ('sN prí:SSure ' ). catllll' 111\ t:uul ill9 Uf n<t!l¡ln(Jfl t':'ll IOn (?l Oer.HIPpUS 1!llll.

BACK-PRESSURE REGULATOR C11111101 VJivO uSCd 10 100•01010 ups<r~o m ORIP VAL V E A lfiBIII V<Jive fl:led 10 !l'e bottom ol a Urr('IIP<I 10 Pl:rrlllt
Pft'!'SSI; IP in a svstrm. bluwtluwu.
1391