Personality Types and Classification

Personality is a pattern or form of human behavior that is based on a person's attitudes and traits.
Personality Psychology is a discipline that studies the human personality through everyday
behavior or attitudes that characterize a person

A. Personality according to body shape

1. Hippocratic-Galenian typology
a) Type Melencholicus (melancholic) namely people who have a lot of black bile. So
that people with this type are always gloomy or gloomy, pessimistic and always
suspicious.
b) Type Sanguinicus (sanguinisi) namely people who have a lot of blood, so people with
this type always show a smiling face, cheerful or always happy and optimistic.
c) Type Phlegmaticus (phlegmatic) namely people who have a lot of mucus. People with
this type are slow and lazy, his face is always pale, pessimistic, calm demeanor and
his attitude is not easy to change.
d) Type Cholericus (cholerisi) namely people who have a lot of yellow bile content.
People with this type are generally big and strong, but are also a bloodthirsty and
difficult to control themselves. And it is fierce and aggressive.
2. Typology of 4 Constitutional Schools
a. Typology of the Italian School De-Giovani's theory; Law of Deformation

In 1880 De-Giovani published his work entitled Morphologia del Corpo Umamo. In
the book he formulated the law of deformation, which contains the classification of
variations in the human body. In short, De-Giovani's opinion is that there are three
kinds of variations of the human body, namely:

a. People with small togok tend to have a long body shape, which is related to the
habitus phthisis.
b. People with large togok tend to have a short body shape, which has a relationship
with habitus apoplectis.
c. People with normal stature tend to have normal body proportions.
b. Typology of the French School: Constitutional Morphology; Sigaud
 In classifying humans based on the physical, the category used as the basis is the
dominance of a physiological function in the growth of the organism. Namely motor,
respiratory, digestive and central nervous system. Which functions are the strongest
in a person, that's where the person is classified, because of that Sigaud classifies
humans into four groups, namely:
a. People who have strong motor function (in the form of natural conditions),
including the mascular type, with the characteristics of having long limbs,
angular, and so on.
b. People with strong breathing (in the form of air), including the respiratory type,
with characteristics, namely the shape of the chest is swelled, the face is wide and
so on.
c. People with strong digestion (in the form of eating food), including the digestive
type, with characteristics, namely a large stomach, wide waist and so on.
d. People who have a strong central nervous system (in the form of social
conditions), including the cerebral type, with characteristics, namely slim, very
large upper skull bones and so on.
c. Constitutional morphology in Germany: Kretschmer
According to Krestschmer, what is meant by constitution is the totality or totality of all
individual traits grounded in heredity. These traits are traits that come from heredity
which cannot be changed by any influence. Based on this, Krestchmer distinguishes
humans on the basis of body shape into four groups, namely:
a. The picnic type is the type whose horizontal size is more than usual, so that a
person looks fat and short. Usually, one acquires a body like this when one is 40
years old.
b. The leptosome type is the type whose vertical size is more than the usual size, so
that a person's body looks slim and tall.
c. The athletic type is the type whose body weight is appropriate. Between vertical
and horizontal balance so that the body looks in harmony. This type is also
referred to as a combination of the pycnic type and the leptosome.

B. Typology Based on Temperament

1. Plato's Typology Plato distinguishes the existence of three parts of the soul, namely:
a. thoughts (logos) located in the head
b. will (thumos) which is located in the chest
c. desire (epithumid) which is located in the stomach
2. Queyrat Tip Typology Queyrat compiles a typology on the basis of the dominance of the
mental, cognitive, affective, and conative powers.
a. One of the dominant forces
1) The mediative, or intellectual, type, in which cognitive power is dominant
2) Emotional type, where the effective power is dominant
3) Active type, dominant conative power
b. Two dominant forces
1) The mediative type of emotional or cognitive or affective power is dominant
2) Emotionally active or fierce type: dominant conative and affective power
3) Active-mediative type: dominant conative and cognitive power
3. Heymans Tip typology
a. Emotionality (emotionaliteit), namely whether or not people's feelings are easily
affected by an impression.
b. Accompaniment process, namely the influence of the impressions on consciousness.
c. Activity (activiet), namely at least people express themselves, embodies their feelings
and thoughts in spontaneous action.
d. The active group, namely the group who for weak reasons have acted.
e. The inactive group is the group that, even though there are strong reasons, has not yet
taken action.