Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
Thus ∑ Ni M i (9)
M w = ∑ wi M i =
∑ Ni M i
AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Ex2: Given Polymer molecular weight distribution,
calculate weight average molecular weight.
Mi (kg/mol) Xi
14 0.05
26 0.15
38 0.21
50 0.28
62 0.18
74 0.10
86 0.03
AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT
5. Polydispersity index (PDI))
Mw (10)
PDI =
Mn
6. Viscosity Average Molecular Weight (M v )
The molecular weight of the polymer is measured by using
viscometer and the molecular weight obtained by this
technique is called viscosity average molecular weight.
AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Ex3: Calculate PDI of polymer given in Ex1.
Mi (kg/mol) Xi
14 0.05
26 0.15
38 0.21
50 0.28
62 0.18
74 0.10
86 0.03
METHODS TO DETERMINE
AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYMER
• Light scattering
• Viscosity
Mv
Determination of
Viscosity Average Molecular Weight
Principle:
η]) ???
How to determine ([η
Determination of
Viscosity Average Molecular Weight
Poiseuille’s law – the relationship among viscosity (h)
and time:
π .P.r 4 π .g.H .d .r 4
η= .t = .t = K .d .t
8 LV 8 LV
L, r: length, radius of the capillary tube
P = g.H.d: pressure suất, gravity acceleration, capillary
solution level difference and solution density
t: time for V(l) liquid flow
K: constant of the viscometer
η])
Intrinsic viscosity ([η Intrinsic viscosity
η sp ln(ηred )
[η ] = Clim (*) [η ] = Clim
→0 (**)
→0 C C
Determination of
Viscosity Average Molecular Weight
Data analysis Plotting
η])
Intrinsic Viscosity ([η
Huggins equation
ηsp
= [η ] + kH [η ] C (*)
2
ηred =
C
Kramer equation
η]
[η
ln (η red )
= [η ] + k K [η ] C (**)
2
η])
Determine intrinsic viscosity ([η
Determine viscosity average molecular weight of polymer
Determination of
Viscosity Average Molecular Weight
Experiment
Viscometer
Apparatus:
Determination of
Viscosity Average Molecular Weight
Tools: Chemicals:
- Stopwatch - Solvent
- Pipette - Polymer to determine
- Scale the average molecular
- Beaker weight
- Stirrer
- Cylinder
- Funnel
- Thermometer
- Thermostat water
bath
METHODS TO DETERMINE
AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYMER
• Light scattering
• Viscosity
Mv
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
Principle:
- GPC is a form of size-exclusion chromatography in which
the polymer molecules elute from the chromatography
column in order of decreasing molecular size in solution.
- Separation occurs via the use of porous beads packed in
a column
Flow in column
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
Principle:
Tool: Chemicals:
- Pump - Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- Chromatographic - Polymer to determine
column the average molecular
- Beads weight
- UV/IR detector
- Syringe
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
Molecular weight
Calibration
Polymer solution
Time Mw
Molecular c
Mz
weight Mn
c
fraction
Time
Advantages:
- Short analysis time.
- Well defined separation.
- Narrow bands and good sensitivity.
- The small amount of mobile phase
required.
- The flow rate can be set.
Disadvantages:
- Standard sample is required.
- GPC is expensive.
PL-GPC 50
Part I: POLYMER CHEMISTRY