HFSS 3D Layout Slot Fed Patch Antenna

Getting Started with HFSS 3D Layout: Slot
Fed Patch Antenna
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Getting Started with HFSS 3D Layout: Slot Fed Patch Antenna
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Conventions Used in this Guide

Please take a moment to review how instructions and other useful information are presented in this
guide.
l Procedures are presented as numbered lists. A single bullet indicates that the procedure
has only one step.
l Bold type is used for the following:
o Keyboard entries that should be typed in their entirety exactly as shown. For example,
“copy file1” means the word copy must be typed, then a space must be typed, and
then file1 must be typed.
o On-screen prompts and messages, names of options and text boxes, and menu com-
mands. Menu commands are often separated by carats. For example, “click
HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Wave Port.”
o Labeled keys on the computer keyboard. For example, “Press Enter” means to press
the key labeled Enter.
l Italic type is used for the following:
o Emphasis.
o The titles of publications.
o Keyboard entries when a name or a variable must be typed in place of the words in ital-
ics. For example, “copy file name” the word copy must be typed, then a space must
be typed, and then name of the file must be typed.
l The plus sign (+) is used between keyboard keys to indicate that you should press the keys
at the same time. For example, “Press Shift+F1” means to press the Shift key and the F1
key at the same time.
Ribbons, menu bars, and short-cut menus are three methods that can be used to see what
commands are available in the application.
l Ribbons are the rectangular area on top of the application window and contain multiple tabs.
Each tab has relevant commands that are organized, grouped, and labeled. An example of a
typical user interaction is as follows:
"On the Draw ribbon tab, click the Box primitive" means you can click the Box icon on the
Draw tab and execute the Box command to draw a box.
l The menu bar (located above the ribbon) is a group of the main commands of an application
arranged by category such File, Edit, View, Project, etc. An example of a typical user inter-
action is as follows:
"On the File menu, click the Open Examples command" means you can click the File menu
and then click Open Examples to launch the dialog box.
l Another alternative is to use the short-cut menu that appears when you click the right-mouse
button. An example of a typical user interaction is as follows:
3
“Right-click and select Assign Excitation> Wave Port” means when you click the right-
mouse button with an object face selected, you can execute the excitation commands from
the short-cut menu (and the corresponding sub-menus).
Getting Help: ANSYS Technical Support
For information about ANSYS Technical Support, go to the ANSYS corporate Support website,
https://www.ansys.com/Support. You can also contact your ANSYS account manager in order to
obtain this information.
All ANSYS software files are ASCII text and can be sent conveniently by e-mail. When reporting dif-
ficulties, it is extremely helpful to include very specific information about what steps were taken or
what stages the simulation reached, including software files as applicable. This allows more rapid
and effective debugging.
Help Menu
To access help from the menu bar, click Help and select from the menu:
l HFSS Contents - click here to open the contents of the help.
l HFSS Search - click here to open the search function of the online help.
Context-Sensitive Help
To access help from the user interface, do one of the following:
l To open a help topic about a specific menu command, press Shift+F1, and then click the
command or toolbar icon.
l To open a help topic about a specific dialog box, open the dialog box, and then press F1.
4
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Contents-1
1 - Introduction 1-1
2 - Set Up the Project 2-1
Launch ANSYS Electronics Desktop (EDT) 2-1
Set General Options 2-2
Insert HFSS 3D Layout Design 2-4
3 - Create the Layout 3-1
Create Stackup 3-1
Draw Feed Line 3-3
Add Excitation (Port) 3-5
Draw Slot 3-7
Draw Patch 3-9
4 - Set Up Solution, Analyze, and Review Results 4-1
PlanarEM Setup and Frequency Sweep 4-1
Validate and Analyze 4-3
Create Return Loss Report 4-4
View Surface Currents 4-5
Create Radiation Pattern 4-11
Contents-1
Contents-2
1 - Introduction
This document is supplementary material to HFSS 3D Layout for beginners and advanced users. It
includes instructions to create, solve, and analyze an antenna using the HFSS 3D Layout design
type in the ANSYS Electronics Desktop.
What You will Learn

By following the instructions in this guide, you will learn to perform the following tasks:
l Use the HFSS 3D Layout drawing tools and Layer Editor to define a multilayer structure
(consisting of three copper and two dielectric layers)
l Define a port where excitation will be applied
l Set up and analyze a planar EM solution with a frequency sweep
l Create a return loss report and add a marker on the trace
l View surface currents
l Review the radiation pattern (2D gain plot and 3D gain pattern)
Sample Project - Patch Antenna

The following figure is an illustration of a typical model representing a slot coupled patch antenna.
Figure 1-1: Slot Coupled Patch Antenna Model

The equivalent HFSS 3D layout of the model consists of the layers shown in the following cross-
section:
Introduction 1-1
Figure 1-2: Layer Stacking Diagram

And finally, the following is a view of the HFSS 3D Layout model you will build:
Figure 1-3: HFSS 3D Layout of the Patch Antenna
Introduction 1-2
2 - Set Up the Project

This chapter contains the following topics:
l Launch ANSYS Electronics Desktop
l Insert HFSS 3D Layout Design
l Set Tool Options
Launch ANSYS Electronics Desktop (EDT)

For convenience, a shortcut to the EDT application is placed on your desktop during program install-
ation. Optionally, you may want to pin the shortcut to your Windows Start Menu too.
1. Double-click ANSYS Electronics Desktop (or click the same shortcut on your
Start Menu) to launch the application.
ANSYS Electronics Desktop opens.
Set Up the Project 2-1

Figure 2-1: ANSYS EDT Application Launched
Note:
If a project is not listed at the top of the Project Manager, click New on the
Desktop ribbon tab to include one. If the Project Manager window does not appear
after launching the application, go to the View menu and select the Project Man-
ager option.
Set General Options

Define the default length units and review the Layout Editor options as follows:

1. On the Desktop ribbon tab, click General Options.
The Options dialog box appears.
2. In the options tree on the left, expand the General group and select Default Units.
3. From the Length drop-down menu, choose cm.
Figure 2-2: Options Dialog Box – General> Default Units Group
4. Expand the Layout Editor group in the options tree and select Other.
Notice the option, Show technology dialog on new design. For this exercise, you can
leave this option in its current state (selected or not selected). The state of the option will
affect the program behavior when you insert an HFSS 3D Layout design in the next pro-
cedure. For you to be able to choose from a set of predefined stackup templates, which
appear in the optional Choose Technology dialog box, you would need to select this option.
However, you will create a custom stackup for this model and will not need to access the
Choose Technology dialog box.

Figure 2-3: Options Dialog Box – Layout Editor> Other Group
5. Click OK.
Insert HFSS 3D Layout Design
1. From the Desktop ribbon tab, choose HFSS 3D Layout from the HFSS drop-
down menu.
Note:
Alternatively, you can use the menu bar and click Project> Insert HFSS 3D Lay-
out Design.

Figure 2-4: Design Types in the Project Menu
The Project Manager window is populated with EMDesignx and, if configured to appear,
the Choose Technology dialog box opens.
Figure 2-5: Choose Technology Dialog Box
2. Since you are going to create your own stackup, select None if the Choose Technology dia-
log box appears.

3. On the Desktop ribbon tab, click Save As.

4. In the Save As dialog box, navigate to the folder where you want to store this model, enter
SlotFedPatchAntenna in the File name text box, and click Save.

3 - Create the Layout

l Create Stackup
l Create Feed Line
l Add Port
l Create Slot
l Create Patch
Create Stackup
1. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Layout dialog.
The Edit Layers window appears. The view figure below shows the window after all layer set-
tings needed for this model have been defined:
Figure 3-1: Edit Layers Dialog Box with Full Model Stackup Defined
Create the Layout 3-1

The remaining steps detail the stackup definition process completed within the Edit Layers
window. You will define the stackup beginning with the bottom layer and ending with the top
layer.
2. Under Stackup, deselect the Laminate mode option and ensure that cm is selected from
the Units drop-down menu.
3. Click Insert above and set the options for the feed layer as follows:
a. Enter Feed in the Name text box.
b. Set Type to signal and click OK.
4. Click Insert above and set the options for the second substrate layer as follows:
a. Enter Sub2 in the Name text box , set Type to dielectric, and click OK.
b. Choose Edit from the Material drop-down menu, which opens the Select Definition
dialog box.
c. Select Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) from the list of library materials and click OK.
d. Set Thickness to 0.16 cm.
5. Click Insert above and set the options for the slot layer as follows:
a. Enter Slot in the Name field, set Type to signal, and click OK.
b. Under Attributes, select Negative.
Negative means that the conductor is present everywhere except where you draw an
object. That is, the layer is an infinite ground layer, and the conductor is removed in the
area of a drawn shape.
c. Under Analysis, deselect Rough.
If the Rough option is selected, the surface roughness of the conductors is taken into
account when approximating the impedance of the signal traces. However, surface
roughness is ignored for ground layers. Deselecting this option prevents a warning to
that effect from being encountered when validating the model and solution setup.
d. Right-click on the layer table header and ensure that Negative is selected to include a
column indicating the state of this option for each layer.
6. Ensure that the top layer row is still selected, click Insert above, and set the options for the
first substrate layer as follows:
a. Enter Sub1 in the Name text box, set Type to dielectric, and click OK.
b. Select Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) from the Materialdrop-down menu and set
Thickness to 0.16 cm.
7. Click Insert above and set the options for the patch layer as follows:
a. Enter Patch in the Name text box.
b. Set Type to signal and click OK.
8. Choose Select all from the drop-down menu in the Layer section of the dialog box to sim-
ultaneously select all layers in the stackup.

9. Ensure that the shading option is selected (second checkbox in the Attributes section):
Figure 3-2: Enable Layer Shading
Note:
This option colors in the objects that you draw on each layer, as opposed to dis-
playing only an outline.
10. Verify that the Layer setup matches the preceding figure and then click Apply and close.
Draw Feed Line

Before drawing any object, first set the appropriate working layer. Select the Feed layer and draw
the feed line, as follows:
1. On the Layout ribbon tab, select Feed from the Acitive Layer drop-down menu, as shown
below:
Figure 3-3: Selecting Feed as the Active Layer
2. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Draw Line.

3. Press the Tab key to place the cursor in the X coordinate text box at the bottom of the
screen. Then, enter the following coordinates for the feed line starting location:

a. For X, enter -5.

b. Press Tab and, for Y, enter 0.
c. Press Enter to accept this point.
4. Press the Tab key three times to place the cursor in the Delta X text box. Then, enter the
endpoint of the feed line as follows:
l Delta X = 7, press Tab, Delta Y = 0; and press Enter.
The Draw Line command remains active so that you can draw additional segments.
5. Press Enter again to finish the line, since you won't be adding any other segments.
The line properties appear in the docked Properties window.
6. In the Footprint tab of the docked Properties window, specify the following properties:
l LineWidth = 0.495cm (Press Enter to accept the change.)
l StartCapType = Flat
Figure 3-4: Properties for Feed
7. Click in the Layout window's background area to clear the current selection. The feed line
should look like the following figure:
Figure 3-5: Feed Line

Add Excitation (Port)

To create an edge port, do the following:
1. Right-click in the Layout window and choose Select Edges from the shortcut menu.
The cursor appearance changes to indicate that you are in edge-selection mode.
2. Click the left edge of the model to select it.

3. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Create edge port.
The port is added to the drawing, its default name (Port1) is assigned, and it appears under
Excitations in the Project Manager.
Figure 3-6: Edge Port
The port properties also appear in the docked Properties window. Do not deselect the port,
since you will next review its EM Design properties.

4. In the docked Properties window, select the EM Design tab:
Figure 3-7: Docked Properties Window – EM Design Tab for Port1
Note:
There are PlanarEM- and HFSS-specific port properties. For an EM Design, you
can run either a Planar EM simulation or an HFSS simulation. Specific properties
can be assigned to the port depending upon the solver used. (For example, select
between Gap, Wave, or Circuit port for an HFSS simulation.)

Draw Slot
1. On the Layout ribbon tab, select Slot from the Active Layer drop-down menu.
Figure 3-8: Selecting Slot as the Active Layer
2. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Draw Line.

3. Press the Tab key and use coordinate text boxes to specify the starting point location:
l X = 0, Y = -0.7; press Enter to accept this point.
4. Use the coordinate text boxes to enter the endpoint location:
l Delta X = 0, Delta Y = 1.4; press Enter.
5. Press Enter to terminate the Draw Line command.
6. Specify the following line details in the docked Properties window:
l LineWidth = 0.155cm
l CapType: = Flat

Figure 3-9: Properties for Slot
7. Click in the Layout window's background area to clear the current selection. The model
should look like the following figure:
Figure 3-10: Model with Slot Added

Draw Patch
1. On the Layout ribbon tab, select Patch from the Active Layer drop-down menu.
Figure 3-11: Selecting Patch as the Active Layer
2. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Draw rectangle.

3. Using the coordinate text boxes, enter the starting corner location:
l X = -2.0, Y = -1.5; press Enter to accept this point.
4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the ending corner location:
l Delta X = 4.0, Delta Y = 3.0; press Enter.
The Patch rectangle is created, and its properties are displayed in the docked Properties win-
dow:
Figure 3-12: Properties for Patch

5. Clear the current selection. Your model should look like the following figure:
Figure 3-13: Model with Patch Added

4 - Set Up Solution, Analyze, and

Review Results
l PlanarEM Setup and Frequency Sweep
l Validate and Analyze All
l View Surface Currents
l Create Radiation Pattern
l Create 3D Gain Pattern
PlanarEM Setup and Frequency Sweep
1. On the Simulation ribbon bat, click PlanarEM.
The Planar EM Setup dialog box appears.
Set Up Solution, Analyze, and Review Results 4-1

2. Define the setup in the General tab as shown in the following figure and then click OK.
Figure 4-1: PlanarEM Setup Dialog Box – General Tab
The Edit Frequency Sweep dialog box appears.
3. Define the settings under the Edit Frequency Sweep tab as shown in the following figure
and then click OK.

Figure 4-2: Edit Frequency Sweep Dialog Box
4. Save the project.
Validate and Analyze
5. On the Simulation ribbon tab, click Validate.
If the design passes the validation check, the dialog box that appears looks like the following
figure:

Figure 4-3: Validation Check Dialog Box
6. On the Simulation ribbon tab, click Analyze to start the simulation.
Create Return Loss Report

1. In the Project Manager, under Analysis> PlanarEM right-click Sweep 1 and select Results>
Plot Templates> Return Loss from the shortcut menu.
The Report2D window appears with an S Parameter plot, specifically dB[S(Port1,Port1)].
2. Click anywhere on the trace to select it. The red curve becomes heavier when selected.
3. Right-click in the Report2D window and select Marker > Add Minimum.
4. rag the Marker and Curve Info legends to suitable locations and click in the background to
deselect the trace.
Your plot should look like the following figure:

Figure 4-4: Return Loss Plot
View Surface Currents

First add a new, discrete frequency sweep, targeting the frequency at which the minimum return
loss occurred.
1. Under Analysis in the Project Manager, select PlanarEM Setup 1.
2. From the Simulation ribbon tab, click Sweep.

3. In the Edit Frequency Sweep window:
a. Select Discrete from the Sweep Type drop-down menu.
b. In the Frequency Sweeps section, select Single Point from the Distribution drop-
down menu.
c. Enter 2.3 GHz in the Start column.

d. Select Generate surface current.
Figure 4-5: Edit Frequency Sweep Dialog Box – Sweep 2
e. Click OK.
4. In the Project Manager, right-click Sweep 2 under Analysis> PlanarEM Setup 1 and
select Analyze from the short-cut menu.
5. Use the Window menu to return to the Layout window. The current density results will be
overlaid on the model in this window.
Wait until the analysis finishes before proceeding to the next step. Then, add a current density over-
lay as follows:
6. In the Project Manager, right-click Field Overlays and select Plot PEM Fields> Mag_Sur-
faceJ.
The Create Field Plot dialog box appears.
Notice that the only choice available from the Solution pull-down menu is PlanarEM
Setup 1 : Sweep 2. Surface current results are only available for the Discrete sweep type,
and only if the Generate surface current option is selected (see step 2-d above).

7. Accept the default plot settings and click Done.
The Select Geometry dialog box appears.
8. Click the <no-net> column heading to simultaneously select all three conducting layers. Sur-
face current results will be displayed on the Feed, Slot, and Patch layers:
Figure 4-6: Select Geometry Dialog Box
9. Click OK to generate the surface current density overlay.

10. Double-click on the J Surf plot legend and select the Scale tab of the dialog box that
appears.
11. Make the following changes in the Number Format section of the J Surf dialog box:
a. Choose Decimal from the Type drop-down menu.
b. Set Width = 8.
c. Set Precision = 3.

Figure 4-7: Scale Settings for J Surf Plot Legend
d. Click Close.

12. Rotate the model viewpoint so that you can see all three layers, as shown below:
Figure 4-8: Current Density Overlay (J Surf)
Finally, to animate the current density overlay, complete the following steps:
13. Right-click Mag_SurfaceJ1 under Field Overlays> J Surf in the Project Manager and select
Animate.
The Create Animation Setup dialog box appears.
14. Set up the animation as follows:

a. Swept Variable drop-down menu selections: Single variable and Phase.
b. Start = 0deg
c. Stop = 180deg

d. Steps = 19.
Figure 4-9: Create Animation Setup Dialog Box
e. Click OK to start the animation:
Figure 4-10: Surface Current Density (J Surf) Animation
Notice that the limits of the plot legend changed after starting the animation. A greater range
of values is needed to cover the various current density magnitudes encountered at differing
phase angles.

15. Use the controls in the Animation dialog box to stop, restart, or reverse the animation or to
adjust the playback speed.
16. Click Close when you're done reviewing the animated current density overlay.
Create Radiation Pattern

Finally, review the radiation pattern by creating a 3D gain pattern and a 2D polar gain plot. You will
use predefined templates to generate these plots.
Create 3D Gain Pattern:

1. Under Analysis> PlanarEM Setup 1 in the Project Manager, right-click Sweep 2 and select
Results> Plot Templates> 3D Input Gain.
Note:
A default radiation setup is automatically defined (Infinite Sphere - Default Setup),

and it is listed under Radiation in the Project Manager. This radiation setup is the
basis of the 3D Gain Pattern. Specifically, Theta values range from 0 to 180
degrees (in 2 degree increments), and Phi values range from -180 to 180 degrees
(also in 2 degree increments).

2. Rotate the model viewpoint for a good view of the range of the Gain Input result:
Figure 4-11: 3D Gain Pattern
Create a New Radiation Setup:

Before generating the 2D plot, you will create a new radiation setup. For this polar plot, a Theta
range of -180 to 180 degrees is desirable. Also, limit Phi to two values (0 degrees and 90 degrees),
resulting in only two traces.
3. Right-click Radiation in the Project Manager, and select Insert Far Field Setup> Infinite
Sphere from the shortcut menu.

The Infinite Sphere Setup dialog box appears.
4. Make the following changes under the Infinite Sphere tab of the dialog box:
a. Change the Name to Infinite Sphere - 2D Gain Plot.
b. In the Phi section:
o Enter 0deg as the Start value.
o Enter 90deg as the Stop value.
o Enter 90deg as the Step value.
c. In the Theta section:
o Enter -180deg as the Start value.
Figure 4-12: Infinite Sphere Properties for Radiation
d. Click OK.
Create 2D Polar Gain Plot:

5. In the Project Manager, right-click Sweep 2 and select Results> Plot Templates> Radi-
ation Pattern.

6. Double-click the Theta axis (outer circumference of plot) to bring up the Properties dialog
box.
7. Under the Axis tab: Deselect Auto Scale and set Min Scale to -30, Max Scale to 10, and
Spacing to 5:
Figure 4-13: Axis Settings for 2D Gain Plot

8. Click OK to apply the adjusted axis scale. Your plot should resemble the following figure:
Figure 4-14: Radiation Pattern – 2D Polar Gain Plot
9. If your plot contains many traces (not just two) and covers the range of Theta = 0 through
180 degrees, then the plot was based on the default infinite sphere setup. To correct this situ-
ation, do the following:
a. Under Results> Report2D1 in the Project Manager, right-click dB(GainInput) and
choose Modify Report.

Warning:
There are two dB(GainInput) plots in the Results branch of the Project Man-
ager. Be sure to right-click the one associated with the 2D plot.
b. From the Geometry drop-down menu, select Infinite Shphere - 2D Gain Plot.
c. Click Apply Trace and then click Close.
Your plot should now look like the preceding image.


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Getting Started with HFSS 3D Layout: Slot

Fed Patch Antenna

ANSYS, Inc. Release 2020 R2

Copyright and Trademark Information

Conventions Used in this Guide

What You will Learn

Sample Project - Patch Antenna

Figure 1-1: Slot Coupled Patch Antenna Model

Figure 1-2: Layer Stacking Diagram

Figure 1-3: HFSS 3D Layout of the Patch Antenna

2 - Set Up the Project

Launch ANSYS Electronics Desktop (EDT)

ANSYS Electronics Desktop opens.

Set Up the Project 2-1

Figure 2-1: ANSYS EDT Application Launched

Set General Options

Set Up the Project 2-2

1. On the Desktop ribbon tab, click General Options.

The Options dialog box appears.

Figure 2-2: Options Dialog Box – General> Default Units Group

Set Up the Project 2-3

Figure 2-3: Options Dialog Box – Layout Editor> Other Group

Insert HFSS 3D Layout Design

Set Up the Project 2-4

Figure 2-4: Design Types in the Project Menu

Figure 2-5: Choose Technology Dialog Box

Set Up the Project 2-5

3. On the Desktop ribbon tab, click Save As.

Set Up the Project 2-6

3 - Create the Layout

Create the Layout 3-1

c. Under Analysis, deselect Rough.

Create the Layout 3-2

Figure 3-2: Enable Layer Shading

Draw Feed Line

Figure 3-3: Selecting Feed as the Active Layer

2. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Draw Line.

Create the Layout 3-3

a. For X, enter -5.

The line properties appear in the docked Properties window.

Figure 3-4: Properties for Feed

Figure 3-5: Feed Line

Create the Layout 3-4

Add Excitation (Port)

2. Click the left edge of the model to select it.

Figure 3-6: Edge Port

Create the Layout 3-5

4. In the docked Properties window, select the EM Design tab:

Figure 3-7: Docked Properties Window – EM Design Tab for Port1

Create the Layout 3-6

Figure 3-8: Selecting Slot as the Active Layer

2. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Draw Line.

Create the Layout 3-7

Figure 3-9: Properties for Slot

Figure 3-10: Model with Slot Added

Create the Layout 3-8

Figure 3-11: Selecting Patch as the Active Layer

2. On the Layout ribbon tab, click Draw rectangle.

Figure 3-12: Properties for Patch

Create the Layout 3-9

Figure 3-13: Model with Patch Added

Create the Layout 3-10

4 - Set Up Solution, Analyze, and

PlanarEM Setup and Frequency Sweep